LAW
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Ohio Laws and Rules
(A) Scope.
The purpose of this chapter of the Administrative Code is to provide safety for life, limb and health of employees engaged in construction activity. In cases of practical difficulty or unnecessary hardship, the Ohio bureau of workers’ compensation may grant exceptions from the literal requirements of this chapter to permit the use of other devices or methods when it is clearly evident the equivalent protection is thereby secured.
Activities within the scope of this chapter, generally referred to herein as “construction”, include the demolition, dismantling, excavation, construction, erection, alteration, repair, painting, decorating, glazing, cleaning, and pointing of buildings and other structures and the installation of machinery or equipment and all operations in connection therewith; the excavation, construction, alteration and repair of subways, sewers, tunnels, trenches, caissons, conduits, pipelines, roads and all operations pertaining thereto; the moving of buildings, signs, and other structures, and to the construction, alteration, repair, or removal of wharfs, piers, abutments, or any other construction, alteration, repair, or removal work carried on, in, about, or over water.
This chapter covers construction activities of employees whose employer engages in such work as its principal business. It also covers employees of other employers when the activities are performed in the course of new construction or substantial reconstruction of all or part of an existing structure, as well as substantial demolition or razing of an existing structure, but does not cover employees of such other employers when the activities are performed in the ordinary course of maintenance work.
This chapter shall not apply to the electric utility industry and contractors and subcontractors when engaged in the installation and maintenance of electric supply lines and/or the transmission and distribution of electric power in such lines between the outlet of the generating station and the outlet side of the meter through which such power is measured to a retail customer
Installations, construction equipment or constructions built or contracted for prior to the effective date of any specific requirement (shown at the end of each rule) shall be deemed to comply with the provisions of this chapter if such installations or constructions comply either with the provisions of this chapter or with the provisions of any applicable chapter which was in effect prior to said date.
(B) Definitions.
(1) “Air contaminants” means hazardous concentrations of fibrosis-producing or toxic dusts, toxic fumes, toxic mists, toxic vapors, or toxic gases, or a combination of these, suspended in the atmosphere.
(2) “Approved” means accepted or certified by a nationally recognized testing agency, such as “Underwriters’ Laboratories,” “Factory Mutual Engineering Corporation,” or a responsible governmental agency.
(3) “Danger zone” means the point of operation where a known critical hazard exists.
(4) “Department, division, section or group” means a number of employees that are a separate part or branch of a government, business, school or other organization, classified together because of a common characteristic or function.
(5) “Equipment” means and includes all machinery, tools, mechanical devices, derricks, hoists, conveyors, scaffolds, platforms, runways, ladders and related safeguards and protective construction used in connection with construction operations.
(6) “Equivalent” means alternative design, features, or strength which will provide an equal or greater degree of safety.
(7) “Exposed to contact” means that the location of the material or object during the course of operation is accessible to the employee in performance of his regular or assigned duty.
(8) “Factor of safety” means the ratio between the ultimate breaking stress and the working stress of the material, structure or device. For example, the term “factor of safety of four” means that the material, structure or device shall be constructed of such strength that the maximum load will be one-fourth the designed ultimate breaking load. Where other factors of safety appear they shall apply in the same manner. The standards of the “American Society for Testing and Materials” (ASTM) shall be used in determining the strength of material except as otherwise provided herein.
(9) “Fire-resistant” means material or construction which resists failure because of high temperatures and which prevents or retards the passage of high temperatures, hot gases, or flames.
(10) “Ground connection” means the equipment used in establishing a path between an electric circuit or equipment and earth. A ground connection consists of a ground conductor, a ground electrode and the earth which surrounds the electrode.
(11) “Grounded” means connected to earth or to some extended conducting body which serves instead of the earth whether the connection is intentional or accidental.
(12) “Grounded effectively” means permanently connected to earth through a ground connection or connections of sufficiently low impedance and having sufficient current-carrying capacity to prevent the building up of voltages which may result in undue hazard to connected equipment or to employees.
(13) “Guard” means the covering, fencing, railing or enclosure which shields an object from accidental contact.
(14) “Guarded” means that the object is covered, fenced, railed or otherwise shielded from accidental contact.
(15) “Hazardous concentrations” (as applied to air contaminants) means concentrations which are known to the employer to be in excess of those which would not normally result in injury to an employee’s health if the employee had not been previously exposed to such air contaminants.
(16) “Operator” means any person authorized to operate the specific equipment.
(17) “Pinch (or shear) point” means any point at which it is possible to be caught between the moving parts of a machine, or between the moving and stationary parts of a machine, or between the materials and the moving part or parts of a machine.
(18) “Point of operation” means the point or points at which material is placed in or removed from the machine.
(19) “Protective equipment” means any appliance used or required to be used to prevent injury to employees.
(20) “Provide” means to make available.
(21) “Rope, wire (haulage)” means a wire rope which is to be used only on inclined planes, for dragging objects along the ground and only where the rope is not subjected to repeated bending.
(22) “Rope, wire (hoisting)” means wire rope to be used on cranes, derricks, dredges, draglines and power shovels in lifting operations.
(23) “Securely fastened” means that the object or thing referred to shall be substantially fixed in place.
(24) “Shall” shall be construed as mandatory.
(25) “Standard guardrail” means a substantial barrier, constructed in accordance with paragraph (E) of rule 4121:1-3-04 of the Administrative Code.
(a) “Top rail” means the top lateral member of a standard guardrail.
(b) “Intermediate rail” means the lateral member or members of a standard guardrail, installed at intervals of no more than twenty-one inches.
(26) “Structure” means that which is built or constructed, an edifice or building of any kind, or any piece of work artificially built up or composed of parts joined together in some definite manner.
(27) “Substantial” means construction of such strength, of such materials, and of such workmanship that the object will withstand the wear, usage or shock for which it is designed.
(28) “Toeboard” means a vertical barrier at floor level erected along the exposed edges of a floor opening, platform, runway, or ramp to prevent falls of material.
(29) “Walkway” means a cleared passageway for ingress and egress for employees, between two given points.
(30) “Wall opening” means an opening in a wall from which there is a clear drop of six feet or more, and shall include openings giving access to yardarms, or block and tackle, doorways and other openings thirty inches or more in height and eighteen inches or more in width, the sill or lower edge of which is within eighteen inches of the floor or platform level. Open sides of buildings between columns, girders, or piers shall not be considered as wall openings.
HISTORY: Eff 11-1-79; 4-1-68; 4-1-99
Rule promulgated under: RC Chapter 119.
Rule authorized by: RC 4121.12, 4121.121, 4121.13
Rule amplifies: RC Chapter 35., 4121.47
119.032 review date: 3/1/03; 3/1/98
(A) Reserved.
(B) Reserved.
(C) Temporary storage.
(1) All materials stored in tiers shall be stacked, racked, blocked, interlocked, or otherwise secured to prevent sliding, falling or collapse.
(2) Material stored inside buildings under construction shall not be placed within six feet of any hoistway or inside floor openings, nor within ten feet of an exterior wall which does not extend above the top of the material stored.
(3) Bagged materials shall be stacked by stepping back the layers and cross-keying the bags at least every ten bags high.
(4) Lumber piles shall not exceed twenty feet in height provided that lumber to be handled manually shall not be stacked more than sixteen feet high.
(5) Structural steel, poles, pipe, bar stock, and other cylindrical materials, unless racked, shall be stacked and blocked so as to prevent spreading or tilting.
(D) Disposal.
(1) During the course of construction, alteration, or repairs, form and scrap lumber with protruding nails, and all other debris shall be kept cleared from work areas, passageways, and stairs, in and around buildings or other structures.
(2) Containers shall be provided for the collection of waste, trash, oily and used rags, and other refuse. Containers used for oily, flammable, or hazardous wastes, such as caustics, acids, harmful dusts, etc., shall be equipped with covers.
HISTORY: Eff 11-1-79
Rule promulgated under: RC Chapter 119.
Rule authorized by: RC 4121.13
119.032 Review Date: 3-1-03
(A) Scope.
The requirements of this rule relate to the personal protective equipment listed immediately below, as required for employees on operations described in this rule in which there is a known hazard, recognized as injurious to the health or safety of the employee.
(1) Eye and face protection.
(2) Foot (toe) protection.
(3) Respiratory protection – includes respirators, masks, canister type masks, supplied-air helmets, etc., for protection of the respiratory system from inhalation of particulate matter, noxious gases and vapors, and oxygen deficiency. Although this rule does not cover engineered protective measures (for example, ventilation), exposure control shall be accomplished as far as is feasible by accepted engineering methods before considering or instituting use of respirators (see rule 4121:1-3-18 of the Administrative Code).
(4) Head and hair protection – includes all operations where employees are required to be present in areas where a hazard to their head exists from falling or flying objects, or from physical contact from rigid objects, or from exposures where there is a risk of injury from electrical shock or hair entanglement.
(5) Protective clothing.
(6) Hearing protection.
(7) Safety belts, lifelines and lanyards.
(8) Seat belts.
(9) Safety nets.
(10) Working over or near water.
(B) Definitions.
(1) “Head protection devices” means:
(a) “Bump cap or hat” means a thin-shelled plastic headgear worn to provide protection to the head from bumps or lacerations but does not meet the requirements for protective helmets.
(b) “Crown straps” means that part of the suspension which passes over the head.
(c) “Hair enclosure” means a hat or cap (other than a protective helmet or bump cap) or a hair net specifically designed to protect the wearer from hair entanglement in moving parts of machines, equipment, or where there is exposure to sparks, hot metal, or ignition.
(d) “Protective helmet” means a rigid headgear also known as a safety or hard hat, or as a safety or hard cap that is worn to provide protection for the head, or portions thereof, against impact, flying particles, or electrical shock, or any combination thereof; and which is held in place by a suitable suspension.
(e) “Suspension” means the internal cradle of a protective helmet or bump cap which holds it in place on the head and is made up of the head band and crown straps.
(2) “Lanyard” means a rope, suitable for supporting one person. One end is fastened to a safety belt or harness and the other end is secured to a substantial object or a safety line.
(3) “Lifeline” means a rope, suitable for supporting one person, to which a lanyard or safety belt (or harness) is attached.
(4) “O.D.” means optical density and refers to the light refractive characteristics of a lens.
(5) “Radiant energy” means energy that travels outward in all directions from its sources.
(6) “Respiratory devices” means:
(a) “Air-purifying device” means a device which removes contaminants from the atmosphere and can be used only in atmospheres containing sufficient oxygen to sustain life (at least nineteen and one-half per cent by volume at sea level) and within specified concentration limitations of the specific device.
(i) “Mechanical-filter respirator” means a device which provides respiratory protection against particulate mater, such as non-volatile dusts, mists, or metal fumes.
(ii) “Chemical-cartridge respirator” means a device which provides respiratory protection against certain gases and vapors in concentrations not in excess of one-tenth per cent by volume.
(iii) “Gas mask” means a device which provides respiratory protection against certain specific gases and vapors in concentrations up to two per cent by volume or as specified on the canister label and against particulate matter.
(b) “Supplied-air device” means a device which delivers breathing air through a supply hose connected to the wearer’s facepiece.
(c) “Self-contained breathing apparatus” means a device which provides complete breathing protection for various periods of time based on the amount of breathing air or oxygen supplied and the breathing demand of the wearer. The basic types of self-contained breathing apparatus are:
(i) Closed-circuit devices (rebreathers):
(a) Compressed oxygen type.
(b) Chemical oxygen type.
(c) Liquid oxygen type.
(ii) Open-circuit devices:
(a) Demand type.
(b) Pressure demand type.
(7) “Safety belt or harness” means a device, worn around the body, which, by reason of its attachment to a lanyard and lifeline or a structure, will prevent an employee from falling.
(C) Specific requirements of general application.
(1) Personal protective equipment furnished by the employer shall be issued to the employee in sanitary and proper condition so that it will effectively protect against the hazard involved.
(2) Where employees provide their own protective equipment, such equipment shall give equal or greater protection than that furnished by the employer.
(D) Eye and face protection.
(1) Responsibility.
The employer shall provide eye protection for all employees engaged in the operations listed in paragraph(D)(2) of this rule and exposed to an eye hazard. Eye protection shall also be provided for any other employees required to work in the immediate area and who are exposed to the hazards of the operations listed. It shall be the responsibility of the employee to use the eye protection provided by the employer (see sections 4101.12 and 4101.13 of the Revised Code). (See also appendix to paragraph(D) of this rule for “Eye and Face Protector Selection Guide”.)
(2) Operations requiring eye protection.
(a) Eye protection shall be provided to employees performing the following operations:
(i) When using hand tools or mechanical equipment to cut, chip, drill, clean, buff, grind, polish, shape, or surface masonry, plaster, stone, plastics, or other hardened substances. This also covers demolition work where the materials listed are part of the operation;
(ii) Where acids, sand or shot blast are used in building cleaning operations;
(iii) Welding or cutting operations involving the use of gas flames or electric arc. For all electric welding operations the employer shall provide suitable helmets, hoods, or hand shields. (See appendix to this rule);
(iv) Where portland cement or similar dust-producing material is taken from an elevated bin, hopper, or similar structure by a chute;
(v) All spray paint operations where the employee’s eyes are exposed to paint mist in the atmosphere;
(vi) All sand or shot blast operations where the employee’s eyes are exposed to the blasting;
(vii) In the handling of molten metal, hot tars, hot pitch, hot asphalt, hot plastic, or similar hot substances;
(viii) Dressing grinding wheels;
(ix) Cleaning operations where wire wheels are used;
(x) In handling injurious acids, alkalis, or other chemicals;
(xi) When working in close proximity to a laser beam in excess of five milliwatts;
(xii) Cutting, drilling, turning, planing, jointing, and sanding of wood with power tools;
(xiii) Operations of portable explosive-actuated fastening tools and portable pneumatically powered fasteners;
(xiv) Operations requiring the use of compressed air for cleaning purposes.
(b) This rule does not apply where a shield or exhaust equipment provides adequate eye protection for employees otherwise exposed to the hazards covered in paragraphs (D)(2)(a)(i) to (D)(2)(a)(xiv) of this rule.
(3) Face shields.
Face shields may be used in lieu of other forms of eye protection if they provide the required protection against the particular hazards for which they are designed and they shall be provided where additional protection for the face is necessary.
(4) Material requirements for eye protection.
(a) Lens thickness – glass and plastic.
(i) No less than 3.0mm.
(ii) No more than 3.8mm.
(b) Impact test.
Must withstand one-inch diameter steel ball (weight approximately 2.4 ounces) dropped in free fall from a height of fifty inches onto the horizontal upper surface of the lens, impinging the lens within a circular area of five-eighths-inch diameter of the lens’ mechanical center.
(c) Penetration resistance test – plastic only.
(i) A pointed projectile of suitable size, consisting of a new Singer number 25, size 135 X 17 needle, fastened into a holder weighing approximately 1.56 ounces shall be freely dropped, pointed downward, from a height of fifty inches onto the outer surface of the lens. The projectile may be guided but not restricted in its fall by being dropped through a tube extending to within four inches of the lens.
(ii) The lens shall not be pierced through from the impact.
(d) Frames, flammability test.
A section at least one inch long of the plastic components of the frame shall be exposed to a test for determining the flame propagation rate. For this purpose the frame components (eye wire, temples, and sideshields) shall be ignited individually by holding one end of the specimen horizontally at the top of a luminous three-quarter-inch Bunsen burner flame in a draft-free room. The rate of propagation determined by a stop watch shall be twenty-four seconds per inch or less. A faster rate of propagation shall be cause for rejection.
(e) Frames, marking.
(i) Safety spectacles require special frames. Combination of streetwear frames with safety lenses meeting the standard are not in compliance.
(ii) Frames shall bear the trademark, identifying the manufacturer, on both fronts and temples.
(f) Lens marking – glass or plastic.
Each lens shall be distinctly marked in a permanent legible manner with manufacturer’s monogram. Such marking shall be so placed as not to interfere with the vision of the wearer. Each filter lens shall be marked with the shade designation. Each glass filter lens shall be marked with the letter “H” to indicate treatment for impact resistance.
(5) Laser protection.
The employer shall provide laser safety goggles which will protect the employee from direct or reflected laser light equal to or greater than 0.005 watts (five milliwatts) per square centimeter. The laser safety goggles shall provide protection for the specific wavelength of the laser and be of optical density (O.D.) adequate for the energy involved. Table 3-3 lists the maximum power or energy density for which adequate protection is afforded by glasses of optical densities from five through eight. Output levels falling between lines in this table shall require the higher density.
(a) Labeling of eye protection.
All protective goggles shall bear a label identifying the following data:
(i) The laser wavelength for which use is intended;
(ii) The optical density of those wavelengths;
(iii) The visible light transmission.
(b) Labeling of laser equipment.
The employer shall furnish equipment provided with labels containing the following minimum information for continuous-wave (cw) lasers:
(i) Wavelength or wavelength range;
(ii) Emergent beam size;
(iii) Beam divergence;
(iv) Maximum average power output;
(v) Maximum emergency beam irradiance;
(vi) Manufacturer’s name and address;
(vii) Product identification number.
(c) Posting.
The employer shall post notices in prominent locations in which lasers are being operated. (For examples see appendix to this rule.)
(d) Beam shutters or caps shall be utilized, or the laser turned off, when laser transmission is not actually required. When the laser is left unattended for a substantial period of time, such as during lunch hour, overnight or at change of shifts, the laser shall be turned off.
(e) Atmospheric conditions.
The employer shall require the employee to keep away from the source, range and target of the laser when there is exposure to rain or snow or when there is dust or fog in the air.
(E) Foot (toe) protection.
Foot protection shall be made available by the employer and shall be worn by the employee where an employee is exposed to machinery or equipment that represents a foot hazard or where an employee is handling material which presents a foot hazard.
(F) Respiratory equipment.
(1) The employer shall furnish approved respiratory equipment where there are air contaminants as defined in paragraph (B)(1) of rule 4121:1-3-01 of the Administrative Code. It shall be the responsibility of the employee to use the respirator or respiratory equipment provided by the employer, guard it against damage and report any malfunction to the employer (see sections 4101.12 and 4101.13 of the Revised Code). Note: See appendix to this rule for basic guides for the selection of respirators.
(2) This requirement does not apply where an effective exhaust system or other means of equal or greater protection has been provided.
(G) Head and hair protection.
(1) Responsibility.
(a) Employer.
(i) Whenever employees are required to be present in areas where the potential hazard mentioned in paragraph (A)(4) of this rule are present, employers shall provide them with suitable protective headgear or hair enclosures.
(ii) When required, employers shall provide accessories designed for use with protective headgear and which are suitable for their intended purpose.
(iii) Protective helmets and bump caps, or parts thereof, and hair enclosures shall be sanitized before reissue and damaged parts of protective headgear shall be replaced.
(b) Employees.
Employees shall not alter any head or hair protective equipment that lessens its effectiveness, and shall use such equipment in accordance with instructions and training received.
(2) Protective helmets.
(a) Classes of helmets.
(i) Protective helmets as defined in paragraph (B)(1)(d) of this rule shall be of the following classes:
(a) Class A-limited voltage protection.
(b) Class B-high voltage protection.
(c) Class C – no voltage.
(d) Class D- limited voltage protection. Firefighters’ service helmets with full brim only.
(b) Winter liners and chin straps.
(i) All winter liners shall be fabricated of materials that will not support combustion.
(ii) Winter liners and chin straps used in conjunction with class B helmets for protection from electricity shall not contain any metallic or other conductive material.
(c) Physical requirements for helmets.
(i) Impact resistance.
Helmets shall be capable of withstanding the impact of an eight-pound steel ball, approximately three and three-quarters inches in diameter, dropped onto the center of the top of the helmet from a height of five feet without transmitting an average force of more than eight hundred fifty pounds.
(ii) Crown strap clearance.
Crown straps shall not allow the distance between the top of the head and the underside of the helmet to be adjusted to less than one inch when a twenty-five pound weight is placed on top of the helmet.
(iii) Penetration resistance.
Class A, B, and D helmets shall not be pierced more than three-eighths-inch and Class C helmets not more than seven-sixteenths-inch, including the thickness of the shell material, when subjected to a one-pound steel plumb bob with a point having an included angle of 35+1 degrees and a maximum point radius of 0.010 inch, dropped ten feet vertically onto the top of the helmet.
(iv) Insulation resistance.
Class A and D helmets shall be capable of withstanding two thousand two hundred volts alternating-current sixty hertz (rms) for one minute, with leakage current not in excess of three milliamperes. This test is not applicable to Class C helmets. Class B helmets shall be capable of withstanding twenty thousand volts alternating-current sixty hertz for nine milliamperes.
(v) Helmet shell materials.
(a) Materials used in Class A and Class B helmets shall be water resistant and slow burning. Materials in Class D helmets shall be fire resistant (self-extinguishing) and nonconductors of electricity.
(b) Class B headgear shall have no holes in the shell nor metal parts.
(3) Bump caps.
Bump caps or hats shall never be used as a substitute for safety helmets where there is danger from falling objects, flying particles, or electrical shock.
(4) Hair enclosures.
(a) A hat, cap, or net shall be worn where there is danger of hair entanglement in moving parts of machinery or equipment, or where there is exposure to means of ignition. It shall be designed to enclose all loose hair and be adjustable to accommodate all head sizes. Material used for a hair enclosure shall be durable, fast-dyed, nonirritating to the skin and capable of withstanding frequent cleaning. It shall not be reissued from one employee to another unless it has been thoroughly sanitized.
(b) Hair enclosures used in areas where there is exposure to sparks, hot or molten metals, or ignition from heat, flames, or chemical reaction shall be made of materials that are nonburning or flame retardant and do not melt.
(H) Protective clothing.
(1) When handling chemicals injurious to the skin. The employer shall provide rubber or plastic gloves, sleeves and aprons for all operations involving the handling of injurious concentrations of acids, alkalis, epoxy or similar substances.
(2) Welding, cutting, brazing, and molten metal exposures.
(a) All employees exposed to the hazards created by welding, cutting, brazing, or molten metal operations shall be protected by personal protective equipment.
(b) Specified protective clothing.
(i) The employer shall provide durable flame-resistant gloves for all welders and oxygen cutters. Insulated linings shall be provided when the employee is exposed to high radiant energy.
(ii) The employer shall provide cape sleeves or shoulder covers with bibs made of leather or other flame-resistant materials for employees required to perform overhead welding or cutting operations.
(iii) Clothing treated with nondurable flame-retardant materials shall be treated after each wetting or cleaning.
(3) When working by hand on circuits in excess of two hundred fifty volts.
Unless deenergized and grounded, the employer shall provide electricians’ rubber gloves with protectors, or other means of insulating employees from ground or current of opposite polarity when working on circuits in excess of two hundred fifty volts.
(4) When handling hot asphaltic materials.
The employer shall provide suitable foot protection to prevent burns when employees are required to handle hot asphaltic materials.
(I) Hearing protection.
Employees exposed to continuous noise levels of ninety or more decibels (dBA) slow response shall be provided with approved ear protection. (Variations in noise level involving maxima at intervals of one second or less, are to be considered continuous.) If ear plugs that require fitting are provided, they shall be fitted to the individual employee by a competent person.
(J) Safety belts, lifelines and lanyards.
(1) Lifelines, safety belts or harnesses and lanyards shall be provided by the employer, and it shall be the responsibility of the employee to wear such equipment when engaged in securing or shifting thrustouts, inspecting or working on overhead machines that support scaffolds, or on other high rigging, when working on steeply pitched roofs, when working on poles or steel frame construction, when working on all swinging scaffolds, when exposed to hazards of falling where the operation being performed is more than six feet above ground or above a floor or platform, except as otherwise specified in this chapter, and when required to work on stored material in silos, hoppers, tanks, and similar storage areas. Lifelines and safety belts or harnesses shall be securely fastened to the structure and shall sustain a static load of no less than five thousand pounds.
(2) Lifelines, safety belts or harnesses and lanyards shall be used only for employee safeguarding. Any lifeline, safety belt, safety harness, or lanyard actually subjected to in-service loading, as distinguished from static load testing, shall be removed from service and shall not be used again for employee safeguarding until inspected and determined by an authorized person to be undamaged and suitable for reuse.
(3) Lifelines used on rock-scaling operations, or in areas where the lifeline may be subjected to cutting or abrasion, shall be a minimum seven-eighths-inch wire core manila rope or equivalent. For all other lifeline applications, a minimum of three-fourths-inch manila rope or equivalent shall be provided.
(4) Safety belt or harness lanyard shall be a minimum of one-half-inch nylon, or equivalent, with a maximum length to provide for a fall of no more than six feet. The lanyard shall have a breaking strength of no less than five thousand pounds.
(5) All safety belt or harness and lanyard hardware shall be drop forged or pressed steel, cadmium plated. Surface shall be smooth and free from sharp edges.
(6) All safety belt or harness and lanyard hardware shall be capable of withstanding a tensile loading of four thousand pounds without cracking, breaking, or becoming permanently deformed.
(7) Safety nets may be used in lieu of lifelines and safety belts or harnesses.
(K) Seat belts.
Seat belts shall be provided for crawler-type tractors, bulldozers, rubber-tired earth-moving equipment, off-highway trucks and graders except on equipment that is designed for standup operations only or that has no rollover protective structure.
(L) Safety nets.
(1) Safety nets shall be provided when workplaces are more than twenty-five feet above the ground, water, or other surface where the use of ladders, scaffolds, catch platforms, temporary floors, safety lines or safety belts or harnesses is impractical.
(2) Where safety net protection is required by this rule operations shall not be undertaken until the net is in place and has been tested.
(3) Safety nets shall extend outward from the outermost projection of the work surface in accordance with the following table to this rule and shall be installed as close under the work surface as practical but in no case more than thirty feet below such work surface with the exception of bridge construction where only one level of nets is required. Nets shall be hung with sufficient clearance to prevent employees’ contact with the surfaces or structures below. Such clearance shall be determined by impact load testing.
TABLE
Vertical distance Minimum required
from working level horizontal distance
to horizontal plane of outer edge of net
of net from the edge of the
working surface.
Up to five feet Eight feet
More than five feet
up to ten feet Ten feet
More than ten feet Thirteen feet
(4) The mesh size of nets shall not exceed six inches. All new nets shall meet accepted performance standards of seventeen thousand five hundred foot-pounds minimum impact resistance as determined and certified by the manufacturer, and shall bear a label of proof test. Edge ropes shall provide a minimum breaking strength of five thousand pounds.
(5) Forged steel safety hooks or shackles shall be used to fasten the net to its supports. Attachment of safety nets to the working platform is prohibited.
(6) Connections between net panels shall maintain the full strength of the net.
(M) Working over or near water.
(1) Where employees are working over or near water, and where the depth or current of the water creates a danger of drowning, the employer shall provide U.S. coast guard-approved life jackets or buoyant work vests for each employee.
(2) Ring buoys with no less than ninety feet of line attached shall be provided and readily available for emergency rescue operations. Distance between ring buoys shall not exceed two hundred feet.
(3) At least one lifesaving skiff shall be immediately available at locations where employees are working over or adjacent to water.
(4) In cribs and cofferdams where employees are exposed to danger of falling inside of the enclosure containing water, a life raft shall be provided.
(N) Employee’s responsibility.
It shall be the responsibility of the employee to properly use the equipment provided by the employer provided by the employer as required in this rule (See also sections 4101.12 and 4101.13 of the Revised Code).
Appendix A
Table 3-1 Eye and Face Protector Selection Guide.
For Image – To obtain the appendix, table, image, etc. please call LSC’s ERF Helpdesk at 614-387-2078 or send an email to erfhelpdesk@lsc.state.oh.us.
1. Goggles, Flexible Fitting, Regular Ventilation
2. Goggles, Flexible Fitting, Hooded Ventilation
3. Goggles, Cushioned Fitting, Rigid Body
*4. Spectacles, Metal Frame, with Sideshields
*5. Spectacles, Plastic Frame, with Sideshields
*6. Spectacles, Metal-Plastic Frame, with Sideshields
**7. Welding Goggles, Eyecup Type, Tinted Lenses (Illustrated)
7A. Chipping Goggles, Eyecup Type, Clear Safety Lenses (Not Illustrated)
**8. Welding Goggles, Coverspec Type Tinted Lenses (Illustrated)
8A. Chipping Goggles, Coverspec Type, Clear Safety Lenses (Not Illustrated)
**9. Welding Goggles, Coverspec Type, Tinted Plate Lens
10. Face Shield (Available with Plastic or Mesh Window)
**11. Welding Helmets
APPLICATIONS
Operation Hazards Recommended Protectors:
Acetylene -Burning Sparks, Harmful Rays,
Acetylene -Cutting Molten Metal, 7, 8, 9,
Acetylene -Welding Flying Particles
Chemical Handling Splash, Acid Burns, Fumes 2, 10 (For severe exposure add 10 over 2)
Chipping Flying Particles 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7A, 8A
Electric (Arc) Welding Sparks, Intense Rays, 9, 11 (11 in combination with 4, 5, 6, in tinted lenses,
Molten Metal advisable)
Furnace Operations Glare, Heat, Molten Metal 7, 8, 9 (For severe exposure add 10)
Grinding -Light Flying Particles 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 10
Grinding -Heavy Flying Particles 1, 3, 7A, 8A (For severe exposure add 10)
Laboratory Chemical Splash, Glass Breakage 2 (10 when in combination with 4, 5, 6)
Machining Flying Particles 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 10
Molten Metals Heat, Glare, Sparks, Splash 7, 9 (10 in combination with 4, 5, 6, in tinted lenses)
Spot Welding Flying Particles, Sparks 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 10
*Non-side shield spectacles are available for limited hazard use requiring only frontal protection.
**See Table 3-2, in this appendix, Filter Lens Shade Numbers for Protection Against Radiant Energy.
Table 3-2. Filter lens shade numbers for protection against Radiant Energy.
SHADE
WELDING OPERATION NUMBER
Shielded metal-arc welding 1/16-, 3/32-, 1/8-, 5/32-inch diameter
electrodes 10
Gas-shielded arc welding (nonferrous) 1/16-, 3/32-, 1/8-, 5/32-inch
diameter electrodes 11
Gas-shielded arc welding (ferrous) 1/16-, 3/32-, 1/8-, 5/32-inch
diameter electrodes 12
Shielded metal-arc welding 3/16-, 7/32-, 1/4-inch diameter
electrodes 12
5/16-, 3/8-inch diameter electrodes 14
Atomic hydrogen welding 10-14
Carbon-arc welding 14
Soldering 2
Torch brazing 3 or 4
Light cutting, up to 1 inch 3 or 4
Medium cutting, 1 inch to 6 inches 4 or 5
Heavy cutting, over 6 inches 5 or 6
Gas welding (light), up to 1/8-inch 4 or 5
Gas welding (medium), 1/8-inch to 1/2-inch 5 or 6
Gas welding (heavy), over 1/2-inch 6 or 8
Table 3-3. Selecting laser safety glass.
INTENSITY ATTENUATION
CW maximum power density Optical Attenuation density factor
(watts/cmý) (O.D.)
10-2 5 105
10-1 6 106
1.0 7 107
10.0 8 108
EXAMPLE 3-A. SAMPLE WARNING SIGN FOR LASER USE.
For Image – To obtain the appendix, table, image, etc. please call LSC’s ERF Helpdesk at 614-387-2078 or send an email to erfhelpdesk@lsc.state.oh.us.
EXAMPLE 3-B. SAMPLE WARNING SIGN FOR LASER USE.
For Image – To obtain the appendix, table, image, etc. please call LSC’s ERF Helpdesk at 614-387-2078 or send an email to erfhelpdesk@lsc.state.oh.us.
Table 3-4. Guide for Selection of Respirators.
For Table – To obtain the appendix, table, image, etc. please call LSC’s ERF Helpdesk at 614-387-2078 or send an email to erfhelpdesk@lsc.state.oh.us.
Table 3-5. Outline for selecting respiratory protective devices.
For Table – To obtain the appendix, table, image, etc. please call LSC’s ERF Helpdesk at 614-387-2078 or send an email to erfhelpdesk@lsc.state.oh.us.
HISTORY: Eff 4-1-68; 11-1-79; 4-1-99
Rule promulgated under: RC Chapter 119.
Rule authorized by: RC 4121.12, 4121.121, 4121.13
Rule amplifies: Ohio Constitution, Article II, Sec. 35, 4121.47
119.032 review date: 3/1/03; 3/1/98
(A) Scope.
This rule shall apply to temporary conditions where there is danger of employees or material falling through floor, roof or wall openings or from stairways or runways.
(B) Definitions.
(1) “Floor hole” means an opening measuring less than twelve inches but more than two inches in its least dimension in any walking or working surface six feet or more above the lower level.
(2) “Floor opening” means an opening measuring twelve inches or more in its least dimension, in any walking or working surface six feet or more above the lower level.
(3) “Handrail” means a single bar or pipe supported on brackets from a wall or partition, as on a stairway or ramp.
(4) “Nose(nosing)” means that portion of a tread projecting beyond the face of the riser immediately below.
(5) “Platform” means a working space for employees elevated above the surrounding floor or ground.
(6) “Rise (riser)” means the vertical distance from the top of a tread to the top of the next higher tread.
(7) “Runway” means a passageway for employees, elevated above surrounding floor or ground level.
(8) “Stair platform” means an extended step or landing breaking a continuous run of stairs.
(9) “Stair railing” means a vertical barrier erected along exposed sides of a stairway.
(10) “Stairs (stairway)” means a series of steps and landings having four or more risers leading from one level or floor to another, or leading to platforms.
(11) “Standard guard railing” means a substantial barrier, constructed in accordance with paragraph (E) of this rule.
(a) “Intermediate rail” means the intermediate lateral member or members of a standard guard railing, installed at intervals of no more than twenty-one inches.
(b) “Top rail” means the top lateral member of a standard guard railing.
(12) “Toeboard” means a vertical barrier at floor level, erected along exposed edges of a floor opening, platform, runway, or ramp to prevent falls of material.
(13) “Tread width” means the horizontal distance from the front to back of tread, including nosing when used.
(14) “Wall opening” means an opening no less than thirty inches in its vertical dimension and no less than eighteen inches in its horizontal dimension in any wall.
(C) Temporary floors.
(1) Strength and construction.
(a) Strength.
Temporary floors shall be provided in all structures for employees working on various floor levels and shall be substantially constructed to support employees and equipment safely.
(b) Construction.
The planks shall be placed as close together as possible, and shall not extend more than one foot beyond supports unless securely fastened to prevent slipping or tipping.
(2) Guarding of partial area.
(a) When employees are not required to work over the entire area of a floor, only such partial area on which employees are required to work shall be provided with the temporary working floors as required in paragraph (C)(1) of this rule.
(b) Standard guard railing and toeboards shall be provided around the unused portion of exposed sides of all openings in floors, roofs, platforms or shafts.
(3) Joists.
(a) Joists shall be securely fastened to prevent tipping before placing temporary floors.
(b) Over joists upon which concrete floors are to be placed, expanded metal lath or wire mesh (no greater than one-half inch mesh) may be used where the joist spacing does not exceed twenty-four inches, provided that all laps and joints are securely fastened and that plank runways are provided for safe passage or working thereon by employees.
(4) Temporary floors below finished floor.
In buildings or structures where the upper floors are constructed before the lower floors, temporary floors of the strength required in paragraph (C)(1) of this rule shall be maintained no more than two floors below the floor being constructed.
(5) In structural steel frame buildings.
(a) Structural steel frame buildings shall have temporary floors as provided in paragraph (C)(1) of this rule placed within two typical floors of the erectors and the riverters. Such floors shall cover the entire floor area beneath riveters or erectors except that no floors are required over hoistway or stairway openings.
(b) Exception.
The provisions of paragraph (C)(5)(a) of this rule shall not apply to what is generally known as mill buildings where no floors are contemplated, and where the operation of overhead cranes, etc., will not permit compliance.
(6) In reinforced concrete frame constructed buildings.
Reinforced concrete frame constructed buildings shall have floor or concrete forms constructed before the forms of the story above are started.
(7) Sectionally constructed buildings.
In sectionally constructed buildings each section constitutes a separate building operation in the application of the temporary floor requirements of this rule.
(D) Openings.
(1) Floor openings.
Floor openings shall be guarded by a standard guard railing and toeboard or A cover with a safety factor of no less than two and so constructed that the cover cannot be accidentally displaced. A safety belt or harness may be provided in lieu of a standard guard railing and toeboard or cover.
(a) Ladderway floor openings or platforms.
Ladder floor opening or platforms shall be guarded by a standard guard railing and toeboard on all exposed sides except at the entrance to the opening, with the passage through the standard guard railing either provided with a swinging gate or so offset that an employee cannot walk directly into the opening.
(b) Floor holes.
Floor holes into which employees can accidentally walk, shall be provided with either a standard guard railing and toeboard on all exposed sides, or a floor hole cover which provides a factor of safety of no less than two and so constructed that the cover cannot be accidentally displaced. While the cover is not in place, the floor hole shall be guarded by a standard guard railing.
(c) Hatchways.
A removable standard guard railing and toeboard shall be provided on no more than two sides of the hatchway opening and fixed standard guard railing and toeboard shall be provided on all other exposed sides. The removable portion of the standard guard railings shall be kept in place when the opening is not in use and where practicable should be hinged or otherwise mounted so as to be conveniently replaceable.
(2) Wall openings.
(a) Guarding.
Where there is a danger of an employee falling six feet or more to a lower level through a wall opening, the opening shall be guarded by a standard guard railing and toeboard, or a barricade. When the height and placement of the opening in relation to the working surface is such that either a standard guardrail or intermediate rail will effectively reduce the danger of falling, one or both shall be provided. Three-eighths-inch wire rope, securely fastened in place, may be used in lieu of the top rail and intermediate rail. A safety belt or harness or a safety net system may be provided in lieu of the standard guard railing and toeboard or barricade.
(b) Spreaders.
If spreaders are used in window or door frames, such spreaders shall be substantially secured in place.
(c) Where doors or gates open directly onto a stairway, a platform shall be provided and the swing of the door shall not reduce the effective width of the platform to less than twenty inches.
(3) Roof openings.
Wherever there is a danger of an employee falling six feet or more to a lower level through a roof opening, including skylights, a standard guard railing and toeboard shall be provided on all exposed sides, or a cover which provides a factor of safety of no less than two shall be provided. A safety belt or harness or a safety net system may be provided in lieu of the standard guard railing and toeboard or cover.
(E) Standard guard railing.
(1) Standard guard railing shall be constructed as a substantial barrier, securely fastened in place and free from protruding objects such as nails, screws, and bolts, to protect openings or prevent accidental contact with some object. Which barrier shall consist of a top rail no less than thirty-nine inches or more than forty-five inches above the working level, and unless the space between the top rail and the working level is covered with substantial material, an intermediate rail. Minimum material requirements shall be:
(a) Metal
(i) For pipe railings, the top rail, intermediate rail and uprights shall be no less than one and one half inches nominal diameter with uprights spaced no more than eight feet on centers.
(ii) For structural steel railings, the top rail, intermediate rail and uprights shall be of two-inch by two-inch by three-eights-inch angles or other metal shape of equivalent bending strength, with uprights spaced no more than eight feet on centers.
(b) Wood.
For wood railings, the uprights shall be of no less than two-inch by four-inch (nominal) stock space not to exceed eight feet; the top rail shall be of no less than two-inch by four-inch (nominal) stock; the intermediate rail shall be of no less than one-inch by six-inch stock (nominal).
(2) A standard toeboard shall be constructed of substantial material. It shall be three and one-half inches minimum in vertical height from its top edge to the level of the floor, platform, runway or ramp. It shall be securely fastened in place, with a clearance of no more than one-fourth-inch above the floor, platform, runway or ramp.
(F) Stairways.
(1) Uniform dimensions.
(a) The rise height and tread width shall be uniform throughout any flight of stairs, including any foundation structure used as one or more treads of the stairs.
(b) Temporary stairs shall have a landing no less than thirty inches in the direction of travel at every twelve feet of vertical rise.
(c) Temporary spiral (winding) stairways are prohibited.
(2) Angle of stairways.
(a) Buildings or other structures in which permanent stairways are not installed for construction use, shall be provided with no less than one temporary stairway of substantial construction between floors, fitted with no less than two-inch by eight-inch treads, securely fastened in place. The flights of stairs shall be installed at angles to the horizontal of between thirty and fifty degrees to the floors or other horizontal parts to which they connect or land.
(b) Where it is not possible to provide temporary stairways due to the absence of floors in the structure, fixed ladders shall be provided with rest platforms every twenty feet.
(3) Stairways with pan-type treads.
Permanent steel or other metal stairways with hollow pan-type treads that are to be filled with concrete or other materials, when used during construction, shall be filled to the level of the nosing with solid material. This requirements shall apply as each flight of stairs is completed.
(4) Treads, landings, gratings.
Stairways used for construction purposes shall be fitted with substantial treads, securely fastened and shall have tightly floored landings or gratings.
(5) Illumination.
Stairways, ramps, runways and platforms shall be lighted to no less than the minimum illumination intensity of five foot-candles.
(6) Stair railings and handrails.
(a) Every flight of stairs having four or more risers or rising thirty inches, whichever is less, shall be equipped with stair railings or handrails as specified in paragraphs (F)(6)(a)(i) to (F)(6)(a)(i)(v) of this rule, the width of the stair to be measured clear of all obstructions except handrails:
(i) On stairways less than forty-four inches wide having both sides enclosed, at least one handrail, preferably on the right side descending;
(ii) On stairways less than forty-four inches wide having one side open, at least one stair railing on the open side;
(iii) On stairways less than forty-four inches wide having both sides open, one stair railing on each side;
(iv) On stairways more than forty-four inches wide but less than eighty-eight inches wide, one handrail on each enclosed side and one stair railing on each open side;
(v) On stairways eighty-eight or more inches wide, one handrail on each enclosed side, one stair railing on each open side and one intermediate stair railing located approximately midway of the width;
(vi) On the open sides of stairways and stair landings, except where such stairways and landings are protected by studding and other permanent construction, a stair railing shall be provided.
(b) Construction.
(i) Stair railing.
A stair railing shall be of construction similar to a standard guard railing, except that the vertical height shall be no less than thirty-six inches from the upper surface of the top rail to the surface of the tread in line with the face of the riser at the forward edge of the tread.
(ii) Handrail.
(a) A handrail shall be of construction similar to a standard guard railing except that it is mounted to a wall or partition, and does not include an intermediate rail. It shall have a smooth surface along the top and both sides of the handrail. Ends of the handrail shall be constructed so as not to constitute a projection hazard.
(b) The height of handrails shall be no more than thirty-seven inches and no less than thirty inches from the upper surface of the handrail to the surface of the tread, in line with the face of the riser or to the surface of the ramp.
(c) Handrails and railings shall be provided with a clearance of approximately three inches between the handrail or railing and any other object.
(G) Overhead protection.
Overhead protective covering of two-inch plank, three-fourths-inch plywood or other solid material of equivalent strength shall be provided where employees are working below other employees on floor levels with open floor above.
(H) Guarding of open-sided floors, platforms and runways.
(1) Open-sided floors or platforms.
(a) Standard guard railing and toeboards shall be provided on every open-sided floor or platform six feet or more above adjacent floor or ground level, except where there is entrance to a ramp, stairway or fixed ladder.
(b) Three-eighths-inch wire rope and toeboard, substantially secured in place, may be used in lieu of standard guard railing.
(2) Runways.
(a) Standard guard railings and toeboards shall be provided on all open sides of runways four feet or more above floor or ground level.
(b) Runways used exclusively for special purposes may have the railing on one side omitted where operating conditions necessitate such omission, providing the falling hazard is minimized by using a runway no less then eighteen inches wide.
(3) Working above dangerous equipment.
(a) Each employee working less than six feet above dangerous equipment, such as machinery in operation, open vats, hoppers, or tanks, railroad tracks with moving equipment below the work, live electrical conductors unless deenergized and effectively grounded, or similar sources of danger, shall be protected from falling into or onto the dangerous equipment by a standard guard railing and toeboard, or the equipment shall be guarded.
(b) Each employee working six feet or more above dangerous equipment, such as machinery in operation, open vats, hoppers, or tanks, railroad tracks with moving equipment below the work, live electrical conductors unless deenergized and effectively grounded, or similar sources of danger, shall be protected from falling into or onto the dangerous equipment by a standard guard railing and toeboard, a safety belt or harness, or a safety net system.
(4) Bridge decks.
The height of the standard guard railing on bridge decks may be adjusted to provide clearance for the operation of paving machinery.
HISTORY: Eff 11-1-79; 4-1-68; 4-1-99
Rule promulgated under: RC Chapter 119.
Rule authorized by: RC 4121.12, 4121.121, 4121.13
Rule amplifies: RC 4121.47
119.032 review date: 3/1/03; 3/1/98
(A) Scope.
(1) This rule provides for the protection of employees from motion hazards associated with equipment used in the mechanical transmission of power on construction sites. Installations to be guarded include sources of mechanical power, the associated and intermediate equipment and the driven machines up to, but excluding, the point of operation. This pertains to revolving, oscillating, reciprocating, or other moving parts such as, but not limited to, belts, brakes, cams, chains, clutches, collars, compressors, counterweights, couplings, cranks, eccentrics, engines, gears, lead screws, motors, power cylinders, pumps, pulleys, shafting, sheaves, spindles, sprockets, turbines and winches.
(2) This rule shall not be construed as being applicable to power transmission facilities located within the frame of the equipment and where exposure is necessary to its operation or adjustment.
(B) Reserved.
(C) Belts, rope and chain drives.
(1) Vee belts.
Vee belts and pulleys, where exposed to contact, shall be guarded.
(2) Rope and chain drives.
Rope and chain drives and their pulleys, where exposed to contact, shall be guarded.
(D) Power driven conveyors – chain, bucket, belt and screw.
(1) Horizontal overhead, vertical and inclined conveyors.
(a) Overhead protection.
Where overhead conveyors carry material with a clearance of seven feet or more above the floor or ground level, and cross designated walkways or roads, or pass over areas where employees are normally at work, a substantial barrier shall be installed to catch falling material.
(b) Screw conveyors.
In addition to the requirements of paragraph (D)(1)(a) of this rule, the auger of screw conveyors shall guarded. Guards shall be solid or of wire mesh, in accordance with Appendix I. Where an electric power source is used guards designed for removal shall be interlocked so that removal will disconnect the power source.
(2) Conveyors exposed to contact.
A stopping device shall be immediately available to disengage conveyors from their source of power, where conveyors are exposed to contact.
(3) Safe means of passage.
Where employees are required to cross over conveyors, a fixed platform equipped with standard guard railing and toeboards shall be provided.
(4) Pinch (shear) points.
Pinch points created by travel of conveyor belts over or around end, drive and snubber, or take-up pulleys shall be guarded or a means shall be provided at the pinch point to disengage the belt from the source of power.
(5) Lockout for repairs and maintenance.
Conveyors shall be locked out our otherwise rendered inoperable, and tagged out with a “Do Not Operate” tag during repairs and when operations is hazardous to employees performing maintenance work.
(E) Shafts.
(1) Revolving shafting.
(a) All revolving shafting and couplings thereof, located seven feet or less above the floor, platform or ground level and exposed to contact shall be guarded.
(b) Ends of shafting, where exposed to contact, shall present a smooth edge and end, and shall not project more than one-half of the diameter of the shaft unless guarded by non-rotating caps or safety sleeves.
(2) Universal joints.
Universal joints where exposed to contact shall be guarded.
(3) Unused keyways.
Unused keyways where exposed to contact shall be filled or covered.
(4) Set screws, keys and other projections.
Set screws, keys and other projections; protruding beyond the surface of revolving parts, where exposed to contact, shall be guarded.
(5) Revolving face plates and chucks.
Revolving face plates and chucks shall be cylindrical with no projecting parts on the rim unless such projecting parts are guarded. This does not apply to those face plates and chucks revolving less than five revolutions per minute.
(F) Gears, sprockets and friction drives.
(1) Set or train of gears.
(a) A set or train of gears is two or more power driven gears that move and intermesh. This does not apply to adjusting gears which do not normally revolve and are not power operated, or to adjusting gears which require access to such gears for manual manipulations.
(b) Guarding.
All or any part of a set or train of gears, exposed to contact, shall be completely guarded or have a band guard around the face of the gear with the side flanges extending inward beyond the root of the teeth. Where there are openings of more than two and one-half inches between arm or through web, the entire gear shall be guarded. Guarding shall be in accordance with -“Appendix I”- and shall be securely fastened in place.
(2) Frictional disc, link belt, and sprocket drives.
Frictional disc, link belt, and sprocket drives shall be guarded.
(G) Machinery control.
(1) Disengaging from source of power.
A stopping device shall be provided at each machine, within easy reach of the operator, for disengaging it from its source of power.
(2) When machines are shut down.
The employer shall furnish and the employees shall use a device to lock the controls in the off position when machines are shut down for repair, adjusting, oiling, or cleaning. On mobile equipment where lockout devices cannot be used the employer shall furnish and the employee shall use warning tags when machines are shut down for repair, adjusting, oiling, or cleaning.
(3) Mechanical belt shifters.
Tight and loose pulley arrangements shall be equipped with mechanical belt shifters.
(4) Treadles or extensions.
Treadles or extensions for starting machinery shall be located or guarded as to minimize accidental starting tripping of the machinery.
(H) Anchoring and mounting of equipment.
(1) Anchoring.
All stationary machinery shall be securely fastened.
(2) Portable machinery.
Portable machinery mounted upon mobile units shall be securely fastened thereto, and such mobile unit shall be so locked or blocked as to prevent movement or shift while such machine is in operation.
(I) Counterweights.
Counterweights, other than those which are an integral part of machines, shall be guarded by an enclosure guard or secured with a safety chain or wire rope, in addition to the suspending device for the counterweight.
(J) Feed rolls.
Power driven feed rolls, when exposed to contact, shall be guarded at the pinch points.
HISTORY: Eff 1-1-67; 11-1-79; 4-1-99
Rule promulgated under: RC Chapter 119.
Rule authorized by: RC 4121.12, 4121.121, 4121.13
Rule amplifies: RC 4121.47
119.032 review date: 3/1/03; 3/1/98
(A) Reserved.
(B) Definitions.
(1) “Earthmoving equipment” means, but is not limited to, scrapers, loaders, crawlers or wheel tractors, bulldozers, off-highway trucks, graders, agricultural and industrial tractors, shovels and backhoes.
(2) “Jacked piles” means a method of driving horizontal piles for under supports of existing buildings by the use of hydraulic jacks.
(3) “Motor vehicles” (as covered by this rule) means all those vehicles that operate within an off-highway jobsite, not open to unrestricted public traffic.
(C) Equipment.
(1) A safety tire rack, cage, or equivalent protection shall be provided and used when inflating, mounting, or dismounting tires installed on split rims, or rims equipped with locking rings or similar devices.
(2) When being repaired, or when not in use, machinery, equipment, or parts thereof, which are suspended or held aloft by use of slings, hoists or jacks shall be substantially blocked or cribbed. Bulldozer and scraper blades, end-loader buckets, dump bodies and similar equipment, shall be either fully lowered or blocked when being repaired or when not in use.
(3) Equipment parked on inclines shall have the wheels chocked and brakes set, or the blade, bucket, etc., shall be fully lowered.
(4) All cab glass shall be safety glass or equivalent.
(5) All equipment which can contact power lines shall also comply with the requirements of paragraph (E) of rule 4121:1-3-07 of the Administrative Code.
(6) At locations where gasoline is being transferred to the fuel tank of any construction machinery, a notice shall be posted by the employer stating specifically that the engine shall be shut down during the transfer of fuel.
(D) Motor vehicles.
(1) All trucks shall be equipped with an audible warning device, in an operable condition, at the operator’s station.
(2) On mobile equipment having an obstructed view to the rear, the employer shall:
(a) Provide a reverse signal alarm audible above the surrounding noise, or
(b) Provide an observer to signal the assured clear distance.
(3) All haulage vehicles loaded by means of cranes, power shovels, loaders, or similar equipment shall have a substantial cab shield or canopy to protect the operator from shifting or falling materials.
(4) Trucks used to transport employees.
(a) Trucks assigned to, or generally used for the transportation of employees shall be equipped with seats and back rests which are securely fastened.
(b) Tools and material transported in the same compartment with employees shall be secured to prevent movement.
(5) Seat belts.
The employer shall provide and the employee(s) shall use seat belts on all motor vehicles which have rollover protective structures or cabs. This does not apply to equipment designed only for stand-up operations.
(6) Trucks with dump bodies shall be blocked or cribbed to prevent accidental lowering of the body while maintenance or inspection work is being performed.
(E) Material handling equipment.
(1) The employer shall provide seat belts on all equipment covered by this rule except:
(a) Equipment which is designed only for stand-up operations, and
(b) Equipment which does not have rollover protective structure or substantial canopy protection.
(2) Forklift tractors and forklift trucks.
A substantial overhead guard shall be provided for operators of forklift tractors and forklift trucks.
(3) Mobile concrete mixers.
(a) Guarding.
(i) Mobile concrete mixers with skips having a capacity of three-quarters of a cubic yard or more, shall be provided with single rail guards on both sides of the skip pan. The single rail guard shall be constructed of substantial material and shall be no less than thirty-six inches or more than forty-two inches in height above the ground or working level and shall extend the full length of the pan.
(ii) Where the single rail guard is of a type having a chain or rod connection, such guard shall not be removed, but shall be kept in place while the mobile concrete mixer or skip is in operation. Employees shall be instructed to not tie up or otherwise fasten the single rail guard to the mixer in such manner as to expose employees to contact with the skip when in operation.
(b) Chutes and spouts for transferring concrete.
Chutes and spouts for transferring concrete shall be constructed and installed so as to sustain no less than four times the maximum working load.
(F) Site clearing.
Rider operated equipment used in site clearing operations shall be equipped with rollover protective structures. In addition, such equipment shall be equipped with an overhead and rear canopy guard meeting the following requirements:
(1) The overhead covering on the canopy structure shall be of no less than one-eighth-inch steel plate or one-fourth-inch woven wire mesh or equivalent, with openings no greater than one inch at its greatest dimension.
(2) The opening in the rear of the canopy structure shall be covered with no less than one-fourth-inch woven wire mesh or equivalent, with openings no greater than one inch at its greatest dimension.
(G) Pile driving equipment.
(1) General requirements.
(a) Overhead protection, which will not obscure the vision of the operator shall be provided. Protection shall be the equivalent of two-inch planking or other solid material of equivalent strength.
(b) Stop blocks shall be provided for the leads to prevent the hammer from being raised against the head block.
(c) A blocking device shall be provided for placement in the leads under the hammer at all times while employees are working under the hammer.
(d) A device shall be provided across the top of the head block to prevent the cable from jumping out of the sheaves.
(e) Fixed ladders shall be provided on leads. The loft worker shall be equipped with a safety belt and lanyard and there shall be rings provided, with a factor of safety of no less than four for attachment to the ladder or leads. If the leads are provided with a loft platform(s), such platform(s) shall be protected by standard guardrails.
(f) Steam or air hose leading to a hammer or jet pipe shall be securely fastened to the hammer with a length of no less than one-quarter-inch diameter chain or cable to prevent whipping in the event the joint at the hammer breaks.
(g) Safety chains, or equivalent means, shall be provided for each hose connection to prevent the line from thrashing around in case the coupling becomes disconnected.
(h) Steam or air line controls shall consist of two shutoff valves, one of which shall be a quick-acting lever type within easy reach of the hammer operator.
(i) The stability of pile driver rigs shall be maintained by the use of guys, outriggers, thrustouts or counterbalances.
(2) Pile driving operations.
(a) When piles are being driven in an excavated pit of five feet or more in depth, the walls of the pit shall be sloped to the angle of repose or shored and braced.
(b) When it is necessary to cut off the tops of driven piles, cutting operations shall be suspended except where the cutting operations are being separated from the leads by twice the length of the exposed pile prior to its being securely fastened in the leads and driving has commenced.
(c) When driving jacked piles, all access pits shall be provided with ladders and bulkheaded curbs to prevent material from falling into the pit.
(3) Pile driving from barges and floats.
Barges and floats supporting pile driving operations shall meet the requirements of paragraph (H) of this rule.
(H) Marine operations and equipment.
(1) Access to barges – employees.
When employees are required to step to or from the wharf, float, barge, or river towboat, a ramp or walkway shall be provided substantial in construction and fastening.
(2) Access to barges – vehicles.
Ramps, with side boards, shall be provided for access of vehicles to or between barges. Such ramps shall be substantial in construction and fastening. (See rule 4121:1-3-21 of the Administrative Code for requirements for diving operations.)
HISTORY: Eff 11-1-79
Rule promulgated under: RC Chapter 119.
Rule authorized by: RC 4121.13
119.032 Review Date: 3-1-03
(A) Reserved.
(B) Definitions.
(1) “Derrick” means an apparatus consisting of a mast or equivalent members held at the top by guys or braces, with or without a boom, for use with a hoisting mechanism and operating ropes.
(2) “Derrick, a-frame” means a derrick in which the boom is hinged from a crossmember between the bottom ends of two upright members spread apart at the lower ends and united at the top, the upper ends of the boom being secured to the upper junction of the side members and the side members braced or guyed from the junction point.
(3) “Derrick, basket” means a derrick without a boom, similar to a gin pole, with its base supported by ropes attached to corner posts or other parts of the structure. The base is at a lower elevation than its supports. The location of the base of a basket derrick can be changed by varying the length of the rope supports. The top of the pole is secured with multireeved guys to position the top of the pole to the desired location. By varying the length of the upper guy lines, the load is raised and lowered by ropes through the sheave or block secured to the top of the pole.
(4) “Derrick, breast” means a derrick without a boom, the mast consisting of two side members spread farther apart at the base than at the top, tied together at the top and bottom by rigid members, the top held from tipping by guys and the load raised and lowered by ropes through a sheave or block secured to the top crosspieces.
(5) “Derrick, Chicago boom” means an ordinary derrick boom so installed as to utilize a building column or tower hoist as the mast, and to depend upon the structural steel beam connections or bracing to take the place of the stiff legs. The lower end of the boom is attached to the building columns by means of a combination hinge pin and swivel pin to a heavy steel plate clamp attached to the column. The derrick is completed with load fall line and boom fall line.
(6) “Derrick, gin pole” means a derrick consisting only of a mast with guys so arranged as to permit leaning the mast in any direction, the load being raised or lowered by ropes leading through sheaves or blocks at the top of the mast.
(7) “Derrick, guy” means a fixed derrick consisting of a mast capable of being rotated, supported in a vertical position by three or more guys and a boom whose bottom end is hinged or pivoted to move in a vertical plane, with lines between the head of the mast and the head of the boom for raising and lowering the boom lines from the head of the boom for raising and lowering the load.
(8) “Derrick, stiff leg” means a derrick similar to a guy derrick except that the mast is supported or held in place by two or more stiff members capable of resisting either tensile or compressive forces. Sills are generally provided to connect the lower ends of the two stiff legs to the foot of the mast.
(9) “Derrick, tripod” means a derrick consisting of three upright legs or members securely fastened together at the top, supporting a hoisting mechanism and operating ropes. The legs can be spread to various angles.
(10) “Hoist, mast” means a hoist having no less than two upright parallel members forming the mast, on which the cage is suspended outside of the parallel members. The entire unit is portable, but not self-propelled.
(11) “Hoist, material” means a hoist for raising and lowering material only, with the hoisting of persons being prohibited.
(12) “Hoist, personnel” means a mechanism for use in connection with construction, alteration, maintenance, or demolition of buildings, structures, or other work. It is used for hoisting and lowering employees or material or both, is equipped with a car that moves on guide members during its vertical movement, and includes a hoistway.
(13) “Hoist tower” means a tower constructed of sections forming a shaftway in which a cage or platform travels.
(14) “Prime mover” means equipment used as the primary source of power, such as engines and motors.
(C) Cranes.
(1) Load rating chart.
A substantial and durable manufacturer’s load rating chart with clearly legible letters and figures shall be maintained in each crane and securely fixed to the crane cab in a location easily visible to the operator while seated at the operator’s control station. The data and information to be provided on such charts shall include, but not necessarily be limited to, the following data:
(a) A full and complete range of manufacturer’s approved crane load ratings at all stated operating radii and boom angles, and for all permissible boom lengths, jib lengths, and angles, also alternate ratings for use and non-use of optional equipment on the crane such as outriggers and extra counterweights which affect ratings.
(b) An operating manual shall be provided, showing recommended parts of hoist reeving, size and type of rope for various crane loads and the operating manual shall be maintained with the equipment.
(2) Boom hoist.
When using the manufacturer’s recommended boom hoist reeving with rated loads suspended, the boom hoist shall be capable of raising the boom, holding it stationary without attention from the operator, and lowering it only when coupled to its prime mover.
(a) The boom hoist drum shall have sufficient rope capacity to operate the boom at all positions from horizontal to the highest angle recommended when using the manufacturer’s reeving and rope size.
(i) No less than two full wraps of rope shall remain on the drum with the boom point lowered to the level of the crane supporting surface.
(ii) The drum end of the rope shall be anchored by a clamp securely attached to the drum or a wedge socket arrangement approved by the crane manufacturer.
(b) The drum diameter shall be sufficient to provide a first layer rope pitch diameter of no less than fifteen times the nominal diameter of the rope used.
(3) Main hoist mechanism.
Load hoist drums shall have sufficient rope capacity with recommended rope size and reeving to perform crane service within the range of boom lengths, operating radii and vertical lifts stipulated by the manufacturer.
(a) No less than two full wraps of rope shall remain on the drum when the hook is in its extreme low position.
(b) The drum end of the rope shall be anchored by a clamp securely attached to the drum or a wedge socket arrangement approved by the crane or rope manufacturer.
(4) Ropes.
(a) The hoisting rope shall be of a construction recommended for crane service. Non-rotating rope shall not be used for boom hoist reeving or multiple reeving.
(b) Socketing shall be done in the manner specified by the manufacturer of the assembly.
(c) If a load is supported by more than one part of the rope, the tension in the parts shall be equalized.
(d) Wherever exposed to temperatures at which fiber cores would be damaged, rope having an independent wire rope or wire strand core, or other temperature damage-resistant core shall be used.
(e) Replacement rope shall be the same size, grade and construction as the original rope furnished by the crane manufacturer, unless otherwise recommended by a rope manufacturer due to actual working condition requirements.
(f) Factor of safety.
The employer shall, when re-reeving boomed equipment, provide ropes which will meet the manufacturer’s specifications and the factor of safety shall be no less than three and one-half.
(g) Splicing.
The splicing of all wire ropes shall conform to the manufacturer’s specifications and in no case, whether of ordinary or preformed wire rope, shall the overall length of splice be less than thirty-two times the rope diameter in feet and the length of the tucked ends shall be no less than twenty-four times the rope diameter in inches.
(h) Fastening.
Wire rope shall not be secured by knots. Thimbles shall be used where wire rope is looped. Wire rope clips shall conform to the manufacturer’s specifications. The loop ends of wire rope clips shall be on the dead end of the wire rope and the grooved plate of the wire rope clip shall take the load of the pulling part for which it is designed. In looping or in short bends, wire rope clips and turnback of rope shall conform to the following table and spacing of clips shall be uniform between the loop and the dead end.
CLIP SIZE — – MINIMUM NUMBER OF CLIPS — – AMOUNT OF ROPE TO TURN BACK
1/8 2 3-1/4
3/16 2 3-3/4
1/4 2 4-3/4
5/16 2 5-1/4
3/8 2 6-1/2
7/16 2 7
1/2 3 11-1/2
9/16 3 12
5/8 3 12
3/4 4 18
7/8 4 19
1 5 26
1-1/8 6 34
1-1/4 7 44
1-3/8 7 44
1-1/2 8 54
1-5/8 8 58
1-3/4 8 61
2 8 71
2-1/4 8 73
2-1/2 9 84
2-3/4 10 100
3 10 106
Figure: How to attach wire rope clips
For Figure – To obtain the appendix, table, image, etc. please call LSC’s ERF Helpdesk at 614-387-2078 or send an email to erfhelpdesk@lsc.state.oh.us.
(5) Reeving accessories.
Eye splices shall be made in accordance with the requirements of paragraph (C)(4)(g) of this rule and thimbles shall be used in all eye splices.
(6) Sheaves.
(a) Sheave grooves shall be smooth and free from surface defects.
(b) Sheaves carrying wire ropes shall be provided with close-fitting guards or other suitable devices to guide the rope back into the groove when the load is applied again.
(7) Cabs.
(a) Construction.
(i) Power driven cranes shall be provided with a cab to protect the operator in case the cable should break or material fall from the dipper or bucket.
(ii) All windows shall be of safety glass or equivalent.
(iii) A clear passageway shall be provided from the operator’s station to an exit door on the operator’s side.
(b) Platform to cab.
(i) Principal walking surfaces shall be of an anti-skid type.
(ii) Outside platforms shall be provided with standard guardrails.
(8) Roof.
Where necessary for rigging or service requirements, a ladder or steps shall be provided to give access to the cab roof.
(9) Booms.
(a) Boom stops shall be provided on all mobile cranes.
(b) A boom angle indicator shall be provided.
(c) All repairs on booms, boom sections and jibs shall meet the manufacturer’s specifications.
(10) Exhaust pipes.
All exhaust pipes shall be guarded or insulated in areas where employees are exposed to contact in the performance of normal duties. (See rule 4121:1-3-18 of the Administrative Code for ventilating exhaust gases.)
(11) Miscellaneous equipment.
(a) Fuel tanks shall be equipped with a self-closing filler cap. Where gasoline is the fuel, a flame arrestor shall be provided.
(b) An effective warning and operating signal device shall be provided.
(c) Means shall be provided for the operator to visually determine the levelness of the crane.
(d) Barricades shall be provided to prevent an employee from being struck or crushed by the rotating superstructure of the crane.
(D) Hoists.
(1) General requirements.
(a) Rated load capacity – posting.
Rated load capacities, recommended operating speeds, and special hazard warnings or instructions shall be posted on cars and platforms.
(b) Hoisting ropes shall be installed in accordance with the wire rope manufacturer’s recommendations.
(c) The installation of live booms on hoists is prohibited.
(d) The use of endless belt type manlifts on construction sites is prohibited.
(e) Hoist platforms.
Blocking and cleats shall be provided on hoist platforms when wheelbarrows or other rolling equipment is transported.
(f) Landing platforms.
(i) Landing platforms shall be of sufficient strength to support the maximum working loads imposed upon them, and no less than seventy-five pounds per square foot, without exceeding the allowable working stresses specified in the appendix to this rule.
(ii) Standard guard railing, toeboards and side screens shall be provided on both sides of landing platforms.
(iii) Clearance between adjacent edges of the hoist platform and the landing platform shall not exceed two inches.
(2) Material hoists.
(a) Operating rules shall be established and posted at the operator’s station of the hoist. Such rules shall include signal system and allowable line speed for various loads. Rules and notices shall be posted on the car frame or crosshead in a conspicuous location, including the statement, “No Riders Allowed”.
(b) No employee shall be required to ride on material hoists except for the purposes of inspection and maintenance.
(c) All entrances of the hoistway shall be guarded by substantial gates or bars which shall guard the full width of the landing entrance. All hoistway entrance bars and gates shall be painted with diagonal contrasting colors, such as black and yellow stripes.
(i) Bars shall be no less than two-inch by four-inch wooden bars or the equivalent, located two feet from the hoistway line. Bars shall be located no less than twenty-six inches or more than forty-two inches above the floor.
(ii) Gates or bars protecting the entrances to hoistways shall be equipped with a latching device.
(d) Overhead protective covering of two-inch planking, three-fourths-inch plywood, or other solid material of equivalent strength, shall be provided on the top of every material hoist cage or platform.
(e) The operator’s station of a hoisting machine shall be provided with overhead protection equivalent to tight planking no less than two inches thick. The support for the overhead protection shall be of equivalent strength.
(f) Hoist towers may be used with or without an enclosure on all sides. However, whichever alternative is chosen, the following applicable conditions shall be met:
(i) When a hoist tower is enclosed, it shall be enclosed on all sides for its entire height with a screen enclosure of one-half-inch mesh, “No. 18 U. S. Gauge” wire or equivalent, except for landing access.
(ii) When a hoist tower is not enclosed, the hoist platform or car shall be totally enclosed (caged) on all sides for the full height between the floor and the overhead protective covering with one-half-inch mesh of “No. 14 U. S. Gauge” wire or equivalent. The hoist platform enclosure shall include the required gates for loading and unloading. A six-foot high enclosure shall be provided on the unused sides of the hoist tower at ground level.
(g) Car arresting devices shall be installed to function in case of rope failure.
(h) Material hoists shall be securely fastened to the structure at no less than twenty-five-foot intervals.
(3) Personnel hoists.
(a) Hoist towers outside the structure shall be enclosed for the full height on the side or sides used for entrance and exit to the structure. At the lowest landing, the enclosure on the sides not used for exit or entrance to the structure shall be enclosed to a height of no less than ten feet. Other sides of the tower adjacent to floors or scaffold platforms shall be enclosed to a height of ten feet above the level of such floors or scaffolds.
(b) Towers inside of structures shall be enclosed on all four sides throughout the full height.
(c) Towers shall be anchored to the structure at intervals not exceeding twenty-five feet. In addition to tie-ins, a series of guys shall be installed. Where tie-ins are not practical the tower shall be anchored by means of guys made of wire rope no less than one-half inch in diameter, securely fastened to anchorage to ensure stability.
(d) A minimum of two and one-half square feet shall be provided for each person riding on hoist car.
(e) Whenever a hoist tower extends twenty-five feet or more above the roof line or last possible tie-ins to the structure, it shall be guyed.
(f) Hoistway doors or gates shall be no less than six feet six inches high and shall be provided with mechanical locks which cannot be operated from the landing side, and shall be accessible only to employees on the car.
(g) Cars shall be permanently enclosed on all sides and the top, except sides used for entrance and exit which have car gates or doors.
(h) A door or gate shall be provided at each entrance to the car which shall guard the full width and height of the entrance opening.
(i) Overhead protective covering of two-inch planking, three-fourths-inch plywood or other solid material of equivalent strength shall be provided on the top of every personnel hoist.
(j) Doors or gates shall be provided with electric contacts which do not allow movement of the hoist when door or gate is open.
(k) Cages of all hoists upon which employees are permitted to ride shall be equipped with a down speed governor to operate the car safety.
(l) Safeties shall be capable of stopping and holding the car and rated load when traveling at governor tripping speed.
(m) Cars shall be provided with a capacity and data plate secured in a conspicuous place on the car or crosshead.
(n) Internal combustion engines for direct drive are prohibited.
(o) Normal and final terminal stopping devices shall be provided.
(p) An emergency stop switch shall be provided in the car and marked “STOP”.
(q) Ropes.
(i) The minimum number of hoisting ropes used shall be three for traction hoists and two for drum-type hoists.
(ii) The minimum diameter of hoisting and counterweight wire ropes shall be one-half inch.
(iii) Factor of safety.
MINIMUM FACTORS OF SAFETY FOR SUSPENSION WIRE ROPES
ROPE SPEED FEET PER MINUTE: IN MINIMUM FACTOR OF SAFETY:
50 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 7.60
75 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 7.75
100 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 7.95
125 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 8.10
150 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 8.25
175 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 8.40
200 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 8.60
225 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 8.75
250 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 8.90
300 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 9.20
350 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 9.50
400 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 9.75
450 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — – 10.00
500 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — – 10.25
550 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — – 10.45
600 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — – 10.70
(r) Following assembly and erection of hoists, and before they are put in service, an inspection and test of all functions and safety devices shall be made at full rated capacity under the supervision of the manufacturer or the manufacturer’s authorized representative. A similar inspection and test is required following major alteration of an existing installation. All hoists shall be inspected and tested no less often than at three-month intervals. Records shall be maintained and kept on file for the duration of the job.
(s) Personnel hoists used in bridge tower construction shall be approved by a registered professional engineer and erected under the supervision of a qualified engineer competent in this field.
(i) When a hoist tower is not enclosed, the hoist platform or car shall be totally enclosed (caged) on all sides for the full height between the floor and the overhead protective covering with three-fourths-inch mesh of “No. 14 U. S. Gauge” wire or equivalent. The hoist platform enclosure shall include the required gates for loading and unloading.
(ii) These hoists shall be inspected and maintained on a weekly basis. Whenever the hoisting equipment is exposed to winds exceeding thirty-five miles per hour it shall be inspected and put in operable condition before re-use.
(iii) Wire rope shall be taken out of service when any of the following conditions exist:
(a) In running ropes, six randomly distributed broken wires in one lay or three broken wires in one strand in one lay;
(b) Wear of one-third the original diameter of outside individual wires. Kinking, crushing, bird caging, or any other damage resulting in distortion of the rope structure;
(c) Evidence of any heat damage from any cause;
(d) Reductions from nominal diameter of more than three-sixty-fourths-inch for diameters to and including three-fourths-inch, one-sixteenths-inch to one and one-eighth inches inclusive, three-thirty-seconds-inch for diameters one and one-fourth inches to one and one-half inches inclusive;
(e) In standing ropes, more than two broken wires in one lay in sections beyond end connections or more than one broken wire at an end connection.
(4) Overhead hoists.
(a) The safe working load of the overhead hoist, as determined by the manufacturer, shall be indicated on the hoist, and this safe working load shall not be exceeded.
(b) The supporting structure to which the hoist is attached shall have a safe working load no less than one and one-half times that of the hoist.
(c) The support shall be arranged so as to provide for free movement of the hoist and shall not restrict the hoist from lining itself up with the load.
(d) The hoist shall be installed only in locations that will permit the operator to stand clear of the load at all times.
(e) All overhead hoists in use shall meet the applicable requirements for construction, design, installation, testing, maintenance, and operation as prescribed by the manufacturer.
(E) Proximity to overhead electric conductors.
When it is necessary to move or operate cranes, derricks, or any other type of hoisting apparatus or construction equipment within ten feet of an electrical conductor carrying one hundred ten volts or more, the employer shall:
(1) Arrange with the owner of the conductor, or the owner’s authorized representative, to deenergize the conductor, or
(2) Arrange with the owner of the conductor, or the owner’s authorized representative, to move the conductor, or
(3) Arrange with the owner of the conductor, or the owner’s authorized representative, to guard the conductor from accidental contact and the employer shall designate an employee to act as signalman to direct the operator in the movement of derricks, cranes, or any other type of hoisting apparatus or construction equipment, or
(4) Install an insulated type guard about the boom or arm of the equipment and a dielectric insulator link between the load and the block and the employer shall designate an employee to act as a signalman to direct the operator in the movement of derricks, cranes, or any other type of hoisting apparatus or construction equipment.
(F) No employee shall be permitted to pass or be under loads handled by power shovels, derricks, or hoists. Employees who are not engaged in vehicle loading shall be required to stand back from any such vehicle during the loading.
(G) Derricks.
The following types of derricks are covered by the requirements in this section wherever such requirements apply to the specific type of derrick: gin poles, tripod derricks, A-frame derricks, Chicago boom derricks, stiff leg derricks, breast derricks and guyed masts. (See appendix to this rule for diagrams of derricks.)
(1) Design.
(a) Derricks and all appurtenances thereof, including anchorage, shall be designed to carry the maximum working loads to be imposed upon them and shall provide a factor of safety of no less than four, including wind loads calculated on the basis of the following table: Wind loads to be used in design of derricks
Height Zone (Feet) – Wind Load (lbs./sq. ft. of Vertical Surface
__________________ ________________
Less than 20 — — — — — — — — — — — — — – 10
20 to less than 30 — — — — — — — — — — – 15
30 to less than 50 — — — — — — — — — — – 20
50 to less than 100 — — — — — — — — — — 25
100 to less than 500 — — — — — — — — — – 30
500 to less than 1200 — — — — — — — — — 35
Over 1200 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 40
NOTES:
1. For cylindrical sections in excess of two inch diameter, multiply by factor of 0.80.
2. For cylindrical sections two inches or less in diameter, multiply by factor of 1.00.
3. For flat sections, multiply by factor of 1.30.
4. When height under consideration is fifty feet or more, interpolate wind load for such height from table.
5. Design shall be checked for wind loading in all directions. No allowance shall be made for sheltering from adjacent structures.
(b) All equipment shall be designed and erected in a substantial manner and securely fastened in place.
(2) Foundations and anchoring.
(a) Foundations.
Derricks shall be set upon substantial foundations.
(b) Anchoring and securing.
(i) Independent of building or structure.
(A) Derricks independent of a building or structure shall be substantially anchored at the top of each corner post and at intermediate intervals of no more than forty feet with no less than three-eights-inch steel wire rope or material of equal or greater strength. Anchorage for the guys of derricks shall be designed to resist the loads imposed.
(B) Under no circumstances shall less than four guys be used on a derrick supported solely by guys.
(C) The anchoring of derricks shall be such as to ensure that with the boom in any position, the righting moment will exceed the overturning moment, imposed under service conditions with rated load or under storm conditions.
(ii) Secured to building or structure.
Derricks shall be securely fastened to the building or structure, at intervals of no more than forty feet.
(3) Hoist hooks.
Hoist hooks used with bucket, cage or skip shall be equipped with a safety latch designed to prevent the load from being accidentally detached.
(4) Braking systems.
Derricks shall be provided with a brake which will operate in case of power failure. The braking system shall be capable of holding the maximum rated load at any point of the lift.
(5) Protection from falling material or objects.
A substantial overhead guard shall be provided which will protect the operator of the derrick from falling material and objects.
(6) Running lines.
Running lines and pinch points where a wire rope runs onto sheaves, blocks or pulleys of derricks, located six feet or less from the ground or working level shall be guarded, except when loads are moved horizontally.
Appendix TO RULE 4121:1-3-07
TABLE I
STRUCTURAL TIMBER-UNIT WORKING STRESSES
For Appendix – To obtain the appendix, table, image, etc. please call LSC’s ERF Helpdesk at 614-387-2078 or send an email to erfhelpdesk@lsc.state.oh.us.
HISTORY: Replaces rule 4121:1-3-16; Eff (Amended) 4-1-68; 11-1-79
Rule promulgated under: RC Chapter 119.
Rule authorized by: RC 4121.13
119.032 Review Date: 3-1-03
(A) Reserved.
(B) Reserved.
(C) General requirements.
(1) Working loads.
Ropes, chains and slings shall not be used for loads in excess of the working loads specified in “Tables 8-1 through 8-20.”
(2) Factor of safety – component parts.
All connections, fittings, fastenings, parts, etc., used in connection with manila ropes, wire ropes or chains shall be of such quality and strength and so attached, connected, fastened, etc., as to provide a factor of safety of no less than the carrying agent for which they are designed.
(3) Limitation on wire rope.
Haulage rope shall not be provided for use as a hoisting rope.
(4) Clearance.
The ratio between the rope diameter and the block, sheave or pulley tread diameter shall be such as to allow the rope strands to slide past each other and adjust themselves to the bend. In no case shall the sheave diameter be less than that recommended in the manufacturer’s specifications for corresponding block, sheave and pulley diameters. Sheaves or pulleys with eccentric bores or with cracked hubs, spokes or flanges shall be repaired or removed from service.
(5) Protection.
Where manila rope or wire rope is used to support equipment and is brought over a sharp corner of steel, stone or other material liable to cut or cause undue abrasion to the manila rope or wire rope, it shall be protected at such points by the use of bagging, wooden blocks or other protective padding.
(6) Manila rope prohibited.
Manila rope slings shall not be used for handling known acid- or caustic-contaminated material or objects.
(7) Use of chain prohibited.
The use of chain as a sling or choker in erection of steel is prohibited.
(D) Alloy steel chains.
(1) Welded alloy steel chain slings shall have permanently affixed durable identification stating size, grade, rated capacity, and sling manufacturer.
(2) Hooks, rings, oblong links, pear-shaped links, welded or mechanical coupling links, or other attachments, when used with alloy steel chains, shall have a rated capacity at least equal to that of the chain.
(3) Job or shop hooks and links, makeshift fasteners, made from bolts, rods, etc., or other such attachments shall not be used.
(4) Rated capacity (working load limit) for alloy steel chain slings shall conform to the values shown in “Table 8-1.”
(5) Whenever wear at any point of any chain link exceeds that shown in “Table 8-2,” the assembly shall be removed from service.
TABLE 8-1.
TABLE 8-2.
For Tables – To obtain the appendix, table, image, etc. please call LSC’s ERF Helpdesk at 614-387-2078 or send an email to erfhelpdesk@lsc.state.oh.us.
(1) “Tables 8-3 through 8-14” shall be used to determine the safe working loads of various sizes and classifications of improved plow steel wire rope and wire rope slings with various types of terminals. For sizes, classifications, and grades not included in these tables, the safe working load recommended by the manufacturer for specific, identifiable products shall be followed, provided that a factor of safety of no less than five is maintained.
(2) Protruding ends of strands in splices on slings and bridles shall be covered or blunted.
(3) Wire rope shall not be secured by knots, except on haul-back lines of scrapers.
(4) The following limitations shall apply to the use of wire rope:
(a) An eye splice made in any wire rope shall have no less than three full tucks. However, this requirement shall not operate to preclude the use of another form of splice or connection which can be shown to be as safe and which is not otherwise prohibited.
(b) Except for eye splices in the ends of wires and for endless rope slings, each wire rope used in hoisting or lowering, or in pulling loads, shall consist of one continuous piece without knot or splice.
(c) Eyes in wire rope bridles, slings, or bull wires shall not be formed by wire rope clips or knots.
(d) Wire rope shall not be used if, in any length of eight diameters, the total number of visible broken wires exceeds ten per cent of the total number of wires, or if the rope shows other signs of excessive wear, corrosion or defect.
TABLE 8-3.
TABLE 8-4.
TABLE 8-5.
TABLE 8-6.
TABLE 8-7.
TABLE 8-8.
TABLE 8-9.
TABLE 8-10.
Figure: Tables 8-11 and 8-12
Figure: Tables 8-13 and 8-14
TABLE 8-15. WIRE ROPE CLIPS.
For Tables – To obtain the appendix, table, image, etc. please call LSC’s ERF Helpdesk at 614-387-2078 or send an email to erfhelpdesk@lsc.state.oh.us.
Figure: How to attach wire rope clips
For FIGURE – To obtain the appendix, table, image, etc. please call LSC’s ERF Helpdesk at 614-387-2078 or send an email to erfhelpdesk@lsc.state.oh.us.
(F) Natural rope, and synthetic fiber.
(1) General.
When using natural or synthetic fiber rope slings, “Tables 8-16, 8-17, 8-18, and 8-19” shall apply.
(2) All splices in rope slings provided by the employer shall be made in accordance with fiber rope manufacturers’ recommendations.
(a) In manila rope, eye splices shall contain no less than three full tucks, and short splices shall contain no less than six full tucks (three on each side of the centerline of the splice).
(b) In layed synthetic fiber rope, eye splices shall contain no less than four full tucks, and short splices shall contain no less than eight full tucks (four on each side of the centerline of the splice).
(c) Strand end tails shall not be trimmed short (flush with the surface of the rope) immediately adjacent to the full tucks. This precaution applies to both eye and short splices and all types of fiber rope. For fiber ropes under one-inch diameter, the tails shall project no less than six rope diameters beyond the last full tuck. For fiber ropes one-inch diameter and larger, the tails shall project no less than six inches beyond the last full tuck. In applications where the projecting tails may be objectionable, the tails shall be tapered and spliced into the body of the rope using no less than two additional tucks (which will require a tail length of approximately six rope diameters beyond the last full tuck).
(d) For all eye splices, the eye shall be sufficiently large to provide an included angle of no greater than sixty degrees at the splice when the eye is placed over the load or support.
(e) Knots shall not be used in lieu of splices.
Figure: Tables 8-16 and 8-17
Figure: Tables 8-18 and 8-19
For Figures – To obtain the appendix, table, image, etc. please call LSC’s ERF Helpdesk at 614-387-2078 or send an email to erfhelpdesk@lsc.state.oh.us.
(G) Synthetic webbing (nylon, polyester and polypropylene).
(1) The employer shall have each synthetic web sling marked or coded to show:
(a) Name or trademark of manufacturer.
(b) Rated capacities for the type of hitch.
(c) Type of material.
(2) Rated capacity shall not be exceeded.
(H) Shackles and hooks.
(1) “Table 8-20” shall be used to determine the safe working loads of various sizes of shackles, except that higher safe working loads are permissible when recommended by the manufacturer for specific, identifiable products, provided that a factor of safety of no less than five is maintained.
(2) The manufacturer’s recommendations shall be followed in determining the safe working loads of the various sizes and types of specific and identifiable hooks. All hooks for which no applicable manufacturer’s recommendations are available shall be tested to twice the intended safe working load before they are initially put into use.
TABLE 8-20. SAFE WORKING LOADS FOR SHACKLES.
For Table – To obtain the appendix, table, image, etc. please call LSC’s ERF Helpdesk at 614-387-2078 or send an email to erfhelpdesk@lsc.state.oh.us.
HISTORY: Eff 11-1-79
Rule promulgated under: RC Chapter 119.
Rule authorized by: RC 4121.13
119.032 Review Date: 3-1-03
(A) Reserved.
(B) Reserved.
(C) Buckets for handling hot tar, hot pitch or hot asphalt.
Buckets furnished by the employer and used by the employee to handle hot tar, hot pitch, hot asphalt or similar materials shall be made of “No. 24 Gauge” or heavier sheet metal and shall have a metal bail of one-fourth-inch diameter or larger. The bail shall be fastened to offset ears which have been riveted or welded to the bucket.
(D) Felt-laying machines and mechanical moppers.
Operators of felt-laying machines and mechanical moppers shall not be required to operate such machines within a distance of three feet or any unprotected roof opening or within five feet of any unprotected roof edge.
(E) Roofing brackets.
(1) Construction.
Roofing brackets shall be constructed to fit the pitch of the roof.
(2) Fastening.
Roofing brackets shall be securely fastened in place. When brackets cannot be securely fastened by any other means, rope supports shall be used. When rope supports are used, such supports shall consist of manila rope of no less than three-quarter-inch diameter, or equivalent.
(F) Catch platforms for pitched and flat roofs.
(1) Catch platforms for pitched roofs.
On pitched roofs with a rise of four inches in twelve or greater, sixteen feet or more above ground, and not having a parapet of at least thirty inches in height, catch platforms shall be installed. The platform shall extend two feet beyond the projection of the eaves and shall be provided with a standard guardrail substantially fixed in place. Safety belts or harnesses attached to a lifeline which is securely fastened to the structure may be used in lieu of a catch platform.
(2) For flat roofs.
On flat roofs, not having a parapet of at least thirty inches in height, a standard guardrail substantially fixed in place may be used. Safety belts or harnesses attached to a lifeline which is securely fastened to the structure may be used in lieu of a standard guardrail.
(G) Kettles and tankers.
(1) Heating of kettles and tankers.
(a) All kettles and tankers in use or being heated up for use shall have a qualified person, designated by the employer, in attendance.
(b) Automatic tanker heaters when used to maintain a minimum temperature are exempt.
(2) Leveling devices.
Kettles shall be equipped with leveling devices and such leveling devices shall be securely fastened in place.
(3) Lids or covers.
Kettles shall be equipped with lids or covers hinged in place.
(4) Pumper or agitator.
A pumper or agitator shall not be set into hot material.
(5) Propane cylinders.
Valves, fittings and accessories connected directly to propane cylinders, including primary shut-off valves, shall have a rated working pressure of no less than two hundred and fifty p.s.i.g. and shall be of material and design suitable for LP-Gas service.
(6) Storage containers for fuel.
Storage containers for fuel used to heat tankers shall be located no less than twenty-five feet from burners on tankers with capacity of less than two thousand gallons, no less than fifty feet on tankers with capacity of two thousand gallons or more.
(H) Chicken ladders or crawling boards.
(1) Construction.
Chicken ladders or crawling boards shall be no less than ten inches wide and one inch thick having cleats no less than one inch by one and one half inches and extending no less than two inches beyond each side of the board. Cleats shall be evenly spaced and shall not exceed twenty-four inches on center. Nails shall be driven through and clinched on the underside.
(2) Securing of crawling boards.
Crawling boards shall be secured to the roof by means of ridge hook(s) or no less than three-quarters-inch manila line, or its equivalent, passed over the ridge and securely fastened to maintain a safe working condition. A firmly fastened grabline of no less than three-quarters-inch manila line, or its equivalent, shall be strung beside each crawling board for a handhold.
HISTORY: Eff 11-1-79; 4-1-99
Rule promulgated under: RC Chapter 119.
Rule authorized by: RC 4121.12, 4121.121, 4121.13
Rule amplifies: RC 4121.47
119.032 review date: 3/1/03; 3/1/98
(A) Reserved.
(B) Definitions.
(1) “Bearer” means a horizontal member of a scaffold upon which the platform rests and which may be supported by ledgers.
(2) “Boatswain’s chair” means a seat supported by slings attached to a suspended rope, designed to accommodate one employee in a sitting position.
(3) “Brace” means a tie that holds one scaffold member in a fixed position with respect to another member.
(4) “Bricklayer’s square scaffold” means a scaffold the platform of which is supported on built-up squares secured to each other by full and continuous diagonal bracing.
(5) “Carpenter’s bracket scaffold” means a scaffold the platform of which is supported on triangular braced brackets fastened to the side of the structure.
(6) “Chimney, stack, or tank bracket scaffold” means a scaffold composed of a platform supported by wood or steel brackets, hooked over a steel wire rope which surrounds the circumference of the chimney, stack, or tank.
(7) “Coupler” means a device for locking together the component parts of a tubular metal scaffold.
(8) “Double pole or independent pole scaffold” means a scaffold supported from the base by a double row of uprights, independent of support from the walls and constructed of uprights, ledgers, horizontal platform bearers, and diagonal bracing.
(9) “Elevating assembly” means a mechanical, hydraulic, or other type of mechanism used to elevate and lower a work platform.
(10) “Float or ship scaffold” means a scaffold hung from overhead supports by means of ropes and consisting of a platform having diagonal bracing underneath, resting upon and fastened to two parallel plank bearers at right angles to the span.
(11) “Foot scaffold” means a scaffold used to give additional height, the platform of which does not exceed eighteen inches above the supporting surface.
(12) “Heavy duty scaffold” means a scaffold designed and constructed to carry a working load in excess of fifty pounds but no more than seventy-five pounds per square foot.
(13) “Horizontal wire rope supported scaffold” means a scaffold the platform of which is supported at two or more points by horizontal wire ropes.
(14) “Horse scaffold” means a scaffold or light or medium duty, composed of horses supporting a work platform.
(15) “Interior hung scaffold” means a scaffold suspended from the ceiling or roof structure.
(16) “Ladder jack scaffold” means a light duty scaffold supported by brackets attached to ladders.
(17) “Lean to, or shore, scaffold”, use prohibited (see paragraph (C)(16) of this rule), means scaffold the platform of which is supported on members consisting of a putlog or bearer, knee braced to two diverging inclined legs that are in a plane substantially transverse to the putlog and that support the outer end of the putlog or bearer, while the inner end of the bearer or putlog rests on or against the structure or on a bearing block attached to the structure.
(18) “Ledgers” or “stringers” means a horizontal scaffold member which extends from post to post at right angles to the putlogs or bearers, supports the putlogs or bearers, and forms a tie between the posts and becomes a part of the scaffold bracing.
(19) “Light duty scaffold” means a scaffold designed and constructed to carry a working load of no more than twenty-five pounds per square foot.
(20) “Manually propelled mobile scaffold” means a portable rolling scaffold equipped with casters.
(21) “Mason’s adjustable multiple-point suspension scaffold” means a scaffold having a continuous platform supported by bearers suspended by wire rope from overhead supports, so arranged and operated as to permit the raising or lowering of the platform to desired working positions.
(22) “Maximum rated load” means the total of all loads including the working load, the weight of the scaffold, and such other loads as may be reasonably anticipated.
(23) “Medium d