Chapter 4123:1-5 Workshops and Factories

(A) Scope.

The purpose of this Chapter of the Administrative Code is to provide reasonable safety for life, limb, and health of employees. In cases of practical difficulty or unnecessary hardship, the Ohio bureau of workers’ compensation may grant exceptions from the literal requirements of the rules of this chapter to permit the use of other devices or methods when, in the opinion of the bureau, the equivalent protection if thereby secured.

The specific requirements of this chapter are requirements upon an employer for the protection of such employer’s employees and no others and apply to all workshops and factories subject to the Workers’ Compensation Act (sections 4123.01 to 4123.99 of the Revised Code). Specific requirements of other chapters of the Administrative Code adopted by the Ohio bureau of workers’ compensation shall apply to the particular industry covered by any such other chapter, and, to the extent of conflict between this chapter and such other chapter, the latter shall govern, but in all other respects this chapter shall be deemed to apply and the other to be a supplement of this chapter.

Installations or constructions built or contracted for prior to the effective date (shown at the end of each rule) of any requirement shall be deemed to comply with the provisions of these requirements if such installations or constructions comply either with the provisions of these requirements if with the provisions of any applicable specific requirement which was in effect at the time contracted for or built.

(B) Definitions.

(1) “Access board (hot board)” : a platform designed to be fastened to a pole or structure and having dielectric properties equal to dry wood.

(2) “Adjustable barrier guard” : a barrier requiring adjustment for each job setup or die setup.

(3) “Aerial device” : any vehicle-mounted telescoping or articulating device which is used to position personnel at job sites.

(4) “Air contaminants” : hazardous concentrations of fibrosis-producing or toxic dusts, toxic fumes, toxic mists, toxic vapors, or toxic gases, or any combination of them when suspended in the atmosphere.

(5) “Air-lift hammer” : (see “gravity hammers”).

(6) “Angle of repose” : the greatest angle above the horizontal plane at which unexcavated material will lie without sliding.

(7) “Anti-repeat” : the part of the clutch/brake control system designed to limit a mechanical power press to a single stroke if the tripping means is held on the operating position. Anti-repeat requires release of all tripping mechanisms before another stroke can be initiated. Anti-repeat is also called “single stroke reset” or “reset circuit.”

(8) “Approved” : accepted or certified by a nationally recognized testing agency, such as “Underwriters’ Laboratories,” “Factory Mutual Engineering Corporation,” or an authorized governmental agency.

(9) “Approved storage facility (magazine)” : a facility for the storage of explosive materials covered by a license or permit issued under authority of the appropriate governmental agencies.

(10) “Bearer” : a horizontal member of a scaffold upon which the platform rests and which may be supported by ledgers.

(11) “Blast area” : the area in which explosives loading and blasting operations are being conducted.

(12) “Blaster” : a person qualified to be in charge of and responsible for the loading and firing of a blast.

(13) “Blasting agent” : any material or mixture consisting of a fuel and oxidizer used for blasting, but not classified as explosives, and in which more of the ingredients are classified as an explosive provided the finished (mixed) product cannot be detonated with a no. 8 test blasting cap when unconfined.

(14) “Blasting cap” : (see “detonator”).

(15) “Board-type drop hammer” : (see “gravity hammers”).

(16) “Boatswain’s chair” : a seat supported by slings attached to a suspended rope, designed to accommodate one employee in a sitting position.

(17) “Bolster plate” : the plate attached to the top of the bed of a power press having drilled holes or T-slots for attaching the lower die or die shoe.

(18) “Brace” :

(a) Scaffold

A tie that holds one scaffold member in a fixed position with respect to another member.

(b) Trench

The horizontal members of the shoring system with ends bearing against the uprights or stringers.

(19) “Brake (mechanical power press)” : the mechanism used to stop and hold the crankshaft, either directly or through a gear train, when the clutch is disengaged.

(20) “Brake monitor” : a sensor designed, constructed, and arranged to monitor the effectiveness of a mechanical power press braking system.

(21) “Bulldozers” : stationary power-driven machines used chiefly for bending operations. They have a movable head operated by links attached to the main drive gears and moving in a horizontal plane.

(22) “Circuit” a conductor or system of conductors through which an electric current flows or may flow.

(23) “Cleats” : ladder crosspieces of rectangular cross-sections placed on edge on which an employee may step in ascending or descending.

(24) “Climbers” : lineman’s tools used on the legs and feet to enable the lineman to climb wooden poles.

(25) “Clutch” : the coupling mechanism used on a mechanical power press to couple the flywheel to the crankshaft, either directly or through a gear train.

(26) “Collector” (see “seperator”).

(27) “Conductor” : metallic material suitable for carrying an electric current.

(28) “Confined space” : an enclosure not intended for continuous employee occupancy, having limited means of ingress and egress and poor natural ventilation and which may contain hazardous contaminants or be oxygen deficient.

(29) “Contact distance (electrical)” : that distance within which contact in doing the work or contact in the event of reaching, slipping, or falling may possibly occur.

(30) “Control system” : sensors, manual input, and mode selection elements, interlocking and decision-making circuitry, and output elements to a mechanical power press operating mechanism.

(31) “Counterbalance” : the mechanism that is used to balance or support the weight of the connecting rods, slide, and slide attachments on a power press.

(32) “Coupler” : a device for locking together the component parts of a tubular metal scaffold.

(33) “Cutting-off wheels” : organically bonded wheels designed for use with power-driven equipment for a multitude of operations variously known as cutting, cutting-off, grooving, slotting, coping, jointing, etc.

(34) “Danger zone” : the point of operation where a known hazard exists.

(35) “Deenergized” : free from any electrical connection to a source of potential different from that of the earth.

(36) “Designated employee” : an employee selected or assigned by the employer or the employer’s representative as being qualified to perform specific duties.

(37) “Detonating cord” : a flexible cord containing a center core of high explosives and used to initiate other explosives.

(38) “Detonator” : any device containing a detonating charge that is used for initiating detonation in an explosive; the term includes, but is not limited to, electric blasting caps of instantaneous and delay types, blasting caps for use with safety fuse, detonating cord delay connectors, and non-electric instantaneous and delay blasting caps.

(39) “Dielectric” : a nonconductor of electric current which will not absorb moisture, such as fiberglas, or equivalent.

(40) “Die setting” : the process of placing or removing dies in or from a power press, and the process of adjusting the dies, other tooling, and safeguarding means to cause them to function properly and safely.

(41) “Die shoe” : a plate or block upon which a die holder is mounted. A die shoe functions primarily as a base for the complete die assembly, and, when used, is bolted or clamped to the bolster plate or the face of the slide.

(42) “Dockboard (bridge plate)” : a movable plate (usually metal) for bridging the gap between motor vehicle or freight car and a dock or loading platform.

(43) “Energized” : anything connected to an electrical source having a greater potential than that of the earth.

(44) “Excavation” : any manmade cavity or depression in the earth’s surface, including its sides, walls, or faces, formed by earth removal and producing unsupported earth conditions by reason of the excavation. If installed forms or similar structures reduce the depth-to-width relationship, an excavation may become a trench.

(45) “Exhaust system” : includes suction systems, hoods, ducts, fans, separators, receptacles, and other parts necessary for the proper installation and operation thereof.

(46) “Explosive” : any chemical compound or mixture that is intended for the purpose of producing an explosion.

(47) “Exposed to contact” : the location of the material or object which, during the course of operation, is accessible to an employee in performance of his regular or assigned duty.

(48) “Face of slide” : the bottom surface of the slide to which the punch or upper die of a power press is generally attached.

(49) “Factor of safety” : the ratio between the ultimate breaking stress and the working stress of the material, structure, or device. For example, the term “factor of safety of four” means that the material, structure, or device shall be constructed of such strength that the maximum load will be one-fourth the designed ultimate breaking load. Where other factors of safety appear, they shall apply in the same manner. The standard of “The American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM)” shall be used in determining the strength of material except as otherwise provided herein.

(50) “Feed rolls” : in-running rolls which perform no other function than to feed material to the point of operation.

(51) “Feeding” : the process of placing or removing material within or from the point of operation. This may be done automatically, semi-automatically, or manually.

(52) “Fire-resistance rating” : the measured time in hours or fractions thereof that the material or construction will withstand fire exposure, as determined by fire tests conducted in conformity with recognized standards.

(53) “Fire-resistive construction” : a method of construction which prevents or retards the passage of hot gases or flames as defined by the fire-resistance rating.

(54) “Flanges” : collars, discs, or plates between which grinding wheels are mounted and are referred to as adaptor, sleeve, or back-up type.

(55) “Floor hole” : an opening measuring less than twelve inches but more than one inch in its least dimension in any floor, pavement, or yard.

(56) “Floor opening” : an opening measuring twelve inches or more in its least dimension, in any floor, platform, pavement, or yard.

(57) “Foot control (part revolution clutch press)” : the foot-operated control mechanism designed to be used with a clutch or clutch/brake control system.

(58) “Foot pedal (full revolution clutch press)” : the foot-operated lever designed to operate the mechanical linkage that trips a full revolution clutch.

(59) “Forging” : the product of work on metal formed to a desired shape by impact or pressure in hammers, forging machines (upsetters), presses, rolls, and related forming equipment.

(60) “Forging presses” : a class of forging equipment wherein the shaping of metal between dies is performed by mechanical or hydraulic pressure.

(61) “Full revolution clutch (mechanical power press)” : a type of clutch that, when tripped, cannot be disengaged until the crankshaft has completed a full revolution and the press slide a full stroke.

(62) “Fumes” : small solid particles formed by the condensation of vapors of solid materials.

(63) “Gas” : a formless fluid which tends to occupy an entire space uniformly at ordinary temperatures and pressures.

(64) “Gate” or “movable barrier device” : a movable barrier arranged to enclose the point of operation before a power stroke can be started.

(65) “Grab bars” : individual handholds placed adjacent to or as an extension above ladders for the purpose of providing access beyond the limits of the ladder.

(66) “Gravity hammers” : A class of forging hammer wherein energy for forging is obtained by the mass and velocity of a freely falling ram and the attached upper die. Examples: board-type drop hammers and air-lift hammers.

(67) “Ground” :

(a) “Ground connection” : the equipment used in establishing a path between an electric circuit or equipment and earth. A ground connection consists of a ground conductor, a ground electrode, and the earth which surrounds the electrode.

(b) “Grounded” : connected to earth by a ground connection.

(c) “Grounded effectively” : connected to earth through a ground connection or connections of sufficiently low impedance and having sufficient current-carrying capacity to prevent the building up of voltages which may result in undue hazard to connected equipment or to employees.

(68) “Grounding conductor” : a conductor which is used to connect the equipment or the wiring system with a grounding electrode or electrodes.

(69) “Guard” : the covering, fencing, railing, or enclosure which shields an object from accidental contact. (See also “safety guard.”)

(70) “Guarded” : means that the object is covered, fenced, railed, enclosed, or otherwise shielded from accidental contact.

(71) “Guide post” : the pin attached to the upper or lower die shoe, operating within the bushing on the opposing die shoe, to maintain the alignment of the upper and lower dies of a power press.

(72) “Handhold (handgrip)” : a device attached to a manlift which can be grasped by the passenger to provide a means of maintaining balance.

(a) “Closed type” : a cup-shaped device into which the passenger may place his fingers, open at the top in the direction of travel of the step for which it is to be used, and closed at the bottom.

(b) “Open type” : one which has a handgrip surface fully exposed and capable of being encircled by the passenger’s fingers.

(73) “Handrail” : a single bar or pipe supported on brackets from a wall, floor, or partition, as on a stairway ramp.

(74) “Hazardous concentrations (as applied to air contaminants)” : concentrations which are known to be in excess of those which would not normally result in injury to an employee’s health.

(75) “Head protection devices” :

(a) “Bump cap or hat” : a thin-shelled plastic headgear worn to provide protection to the head from bumps or lacerations but does not meet the requirements for protective helmets.

(b) “Crown straps” : that part of the suspension which passes over the head.

(c) “Hair enclosure” : a hat or cap (other than a protective helmet or bump cap) or a hairnet specifically designed to protect the wearer from entanglement in moving parts of machines, equipment, or from exposure to sparks, hot metal, or ignition.

(d) “Protective helmet” : a rigid headgear also known as a safety or hard hat, or as a safety or hard cap, that is worn to provide protection for the head, or portions thereof, against impact, flying articles, or electric shock, or any combination thereof, and which is held in place by a suitable suspension.

(e) “Suspension” : the internal cradle of a protective helmet or bump cap which holds it in place on the head and is made up of the headband and crown straps.

(76) “Hood” : that part of an exhaust system into which the contaminated air or dust, fumes, mist, vapor, or gas first enters.

(77) “Hot line (live line) tools” : those tools which are especially designed for work on energized high voltage conductors and equipment.

(78) “Inch” : an intermittent motion imparted to the slide (on mechanical power presses using part revolution clutches) by momentary operation of the inch operating means.

(79) “Kickouts” : accidental release or failure of a shore or brace used in trenching.

(80) “Ladder” :

(a) “Extension ladder” : a portable ladder, adjustable in length. It consists of two or more sections traveling in guides or brackets so arranged as to permit length adjustment. Its size is designated by the sum length of the sections measured along the side rails.

(b) “Extension trestle ladder” : a self-supporting portable ladder, adjustable in length, consisting of a trestle ladder base and a vertically adjustable single ladder, with an effective means for locking the ladders together. The size is designated by the length of the trestle ladder base.

(c) “Fixed ladder” : a ladder permanently attached to a structure, building, or equipment.

(i) “Ladder cage” : an enclosure which encircles the climbing space of the ladder and is securely fastened to the side rails of the ladder or to the structure.

(ii) “Ladder well” : a permanent complete enclosure around a fixed ladder, which is securely fastened to the walls of the well.

(d) “Individual-rung ladder” : a fixed ladder, each rung of which is individually attached to a structure, building, equipment, or manhole.

(e) “Platform stepladder” : a modification of a portable stepladder with a working platform provided near the top.

(f) “Rail ladder” : a fixed ladder consisting of side rails joined at regular intervals by rungs or cleats and fastened in full length or in sections to a building, structure, or equipment.

(g) “Sectional ladder” : a portable ladder, nonadjustable in length, consisting of two or more sections so constructed that the sections may be combined to function as a single ladder. Its size is designated by the overall length of the assembled sections.

(h) “Side-rolling ladder” : one from which an employee getting off at the top must step attachments to a guide rail, which is generally fastened to shelving, the plane of the ladder being also its plane of motion.

(i) “Side-step ladder” : one from which an employee getting off at the top must step sideways in order to reach the landing.

(j) “Single ladder” : a portable, nonadjustable ladder consisting of only one section.

(k) “Stepladder” : a self-supporting portable ladder, nonadjustable in length, having flat steps or treads and a hinged back. Its size is designated by the overall length of the ladder measured along the front edge of the side.

(l) “Through ladder” : one from which an employee getting off at the top must step through the rails in order to reach the landing.

(m) “Trestle ladder” : a self-supporting portable ladder, nonadjustable in length, consisting of two sections hinged at the top to form equal angles with the base. The size is designated by the length of the side rails measured along the front edge.

(81) “Lanyard” : a rope, suitable for supporting one person. One end is fastened to a safety belt or harness and the other end is secured to a substantial object or a lifeline.

(82) “Leading wire” : an insulated wire used between the electric power source and the electric blasting cap circuit.

(83) “Ledger (stringer)” : a horizontal scaffold member which extends from post to post and which supports the putlogs or bearer forming a tie between the posts.

(84) “Lifeline” : a rope, suitable for supporting one person, to which a lanyard is attached.

(85) “Limit switch” : a device on a manlift for the purpose of cutting off the power to the motor and applying the brake to stop the carrier in the event that a loaded step passes the terminal landing.

(86) “Magazine” : (see “approved storage facility”).

(87) “Manlift” : a device consisting of a power-driven endless belt with steps or platforms and handholds attached to it for the transportation of personnel from floor to floor.

(88) “Mist” : small droplets of materials that are ordinarily liquid at normal temperature and pressure.

(89) “Nominal” : in name or form, but not in fact; for example, a piece of lumber described as four inches by four inches but which, in fact, meets a standard which is less.

(90) “Non-current carrying” : not intended to be energized.

(91) “Off-hand grinding” : the grinding of any material or part which is held in the operator’s hand.

(92) “Operator” : any employee assigned or authorized to work at the specific equipment.

(93) “Part revolution clutch” : a type of clutch that can be disengaged at any point before the crankshaft has completed a full revolution and the press slide a full stroke.

(94) “Pinch, nip, or shear point” : the point or points at which it is possible to be caught between the moving parts of a machine, or between the material and the moving part or parts of a machine.

(95) “Pitch” : the included angle between the horizontal and the ladder measured from the opposite side of the ladder from the climbing side.

(96) “Platform” : a working space for employees elevated above the surrounding floor or ground.

(97) “Point of operation” : the area where material is actually positioned and work is being performed during any process.

(98) “Polishing wheels” : wheels designed for use with power-driven equipment to apply a luster or polish to materials.

(99) “Portable explosive-actuated fastening tool” : a tool which depends upon an explosive charge to propel or discharge a stud, pin, or fastener, for the purpose of impinging it upon, affixing it to, or penetrating another object or material.

(a) “High-velocity tool” : a tool or machine which, when used with a load, propels or discharges a stud, pin, or fastener at velocities in excess of three hundred feet per second.

(b) “Low-velocity tool” : a tool or machine which, when used with a load, propels or discharges a stud, pin, or fastener at velocities not in excess of three hundreed feet per second.

(100) “Power shears” : power-driven machines used for cutting bars, slabs, sheets, or other material.

(101) “Presence sensing device” : a device that creates a sensing field or area and deactivates the clutch control of a power press when an operator’s hand or any part of his body is within such field or area.

(102) “Press” : a powered machine that shears, punches, forms, or assembles metal or other material by means of cutting, shaping, or by combination dies attached to slides. A press consists of a stationary bed or anvil, and a slide (or slides) having a controlled reciprocating motion toward and away from the bed surface, the slide being guided in a definite path by the frame of the press.

(103) “Primed cartridge” : a cartridge of explosives to which a detonator has been attached as a means of firing.

(104) “Protective shield or guard” : a device, attached to the muzzle end of a portable explosive-actuated fastening tool, which is designed to confine flying particles.

(105) “Pull-out device” : a mechanism attached to the operator’s hands and connected to the upper die or slide of a power press, that is designed, when properly adjusted, to withdraw the operator’s hands as the dies close when the operator’s hands are inadvertently within the point of operation.

(106) “Railing” : a vertical barrier erected above exposed edges of a floor opening, wall opening, ramp, platform, or runway to prevent falls of employees.

(107) “Rated load (roof car suspended platforms)” : the combined weight of employees, tools, equipment, and other material which the working platform is designed to lift.

(108) “Rated speed” : the speed for which a tool or piece of equipment is designed.

(109) “Repeat” : an unintended or unexpected successive stroke of a power press resulting from a malfunction.

(110) “Respiratory devices” :

(a) “Air-purifying device” : a device which removes contaminants from the atmosphere and used only in atmospheres containing sufficient oxygen to sustain life (at least 19.5 per cent by volume at sea level) and within specified concentration limitations to the specific device. These are:

(i) “Mechanical-filter respirator” : a device which provides respiratory protection against particulate matter, such as nonvolatile dust, mists, or metal fumes.

(ii) “Chemical-cartridge respirator” : a device which provides respiratory protection against certain specific gases and vapors in concentrations not in excess of 0.1 per cent by volume.

(iii) “Gas mask” : a device which provides respiratory protection against certain specific gases and vapors in concentrations no greater than that specified on the canister label.

(b) “Supplied-air device” : a device, other than self-contained breathing apparatus, which delivers breathing air for an indefinite period of time through a supply hose connected to the wearer’s facepiece.

(c) “Self-contained breathing apparatus” : a device which provides complete breathing protection for a limited period of time based on the amount of breathing air or its equivalent supplied and the breathing demand of the wearer.

The basic types of self-contained breathing apparatus are:

(i) Closed-circuit devices (rebreathers):

(a) Compressed oxygen type.

(b) Chemical oxygen type.

(c) Liquid oxygen type.

(ii) Open-circuit devices (supply and exhaust):

(a) Demand type.

(b) Pressure demand type.

(111) “Roof car” : (see “scaffolds”).

(112) “Roof car suspended platform” : (see “scaffolds”).

(113) “Roof-powered platform” : (see “scaffolds”).

(114) “Runway” : a passageway for employees elevated above the surrounding floor or ground level.

(115) “Safety belt” or “safety harness” : a device worn around the body which by reason of devices to which it is attached will limit an employee’s fall.

(116) “Safety block” : a prop that, when inserted between the upper and lower dies of a power press or between the bolster plate and the face of the slide, prevents the slide from falling of its own dead weight.

(117) “Safety guard (grinding wheel)” : a device designed to restrain the pieces of a grinding wheel in the event the wheel is broken in operation.

(118) “Safety harness” : (see “safety belt”).

(119) “Scaffold” :

(a) “Manually propelled mobile scaffold” : a portable rolling scaffold supported by casters.

(b) “Mobile” : manually propelled.

(c) “Mobile tubular welded sectional folding scaffold” : a sectional folding metal scaffold either of ladder frame or inside stairway design, substantially built of prefabricated welded sections, which consist of end frames, platform frame, inside inclined stairway frame and braces, or hinged connected diagonal and horizontal braces, capable of being folded into a flat package when the scaffold is not in use.

(d) “Mobile work platform” : generally a fixed work level, one frame high, on casters or wheels, with bracing diagonally from platform to vertical frame.

(e) “Roof car” : a structure for the suspension of a working platform, providing for its horizontal movement to working positions.

(f) “Roof car suspended platform” : equipment to provide access to the exterior of a building consisting of a suspended power-operated working platform, a roof car, and the operating and control devices.

(g) “Roof-powered platform” : the working platform of a roof car suspended platform having the raising and lowering mechanism located on a roof car.

(h) “Self-powered platform” : a working platform, of a roof car suspended platform, having the raising and lowering mechanism located on the working platform.

(i) “Swinging scaffold” : a power- or manually operated platform suspended by two or more lines and independent of the building except for attachment at the roof or parapet.

(j) “Tube and coupler scaffold” : an assembly consisting of tubing which serves as posts, bearers, braces, ties, and runners, a base supporting the posts, and special couplers which serve to connect the uprights and to join the various members.

(k) “Tubular welded frame scaffold” : a sectional panel, or frame metal scaffold substantially built up of prefabricated welded sections which consist of posts and horizontal bearer with intermediate members. Panels or frames shall be braced with diagonal or cross braces.

(l) “Two-point suspension scaffolds” : a scaffold suspended from overhead supports, the platform of which is supported by stirrups or hangers at two points to permit raising or lowering.

(120) “Securely fastened” : the object or thing referred to shall be substantially fixed in place.

(121) “Self-powered platform” : (see “scaffold”).

(122) “Separator (collector)” : that part of an exhaust system, the purpose of which is to separate material from the air which conveys it.

(123) “Shaft” : an excavation made from the surface of the ground the longer axis of which forms an angle with the vertical of no more than forty-five degrees.

(124) “Shall” : to be construed as mandatory.

(125) “Sheet pile” : a pile, or sheeting, that may form one of a continuous interlocking line, or a row of timber, concrete, or steel piles, driven in close contact to provide a tight wall to resist the lateral pressure of water, adjacent earth, or other materials.

(126) “Sides,” “walls,” or “faces” : the vertical or inclined earth surfaces formed as a result of trenching or excavation work.

(127) “Single-stroke mechanism (mechanical power press)” : an arrangement used on a full revolution clutch to limit the travel of the slide to one complete stroke at each engagement of the clutch.

(128) “Slide” : the main reciprocating member of a power press. A slide is also called a ram, plunger, or platen.

(129) “Sling” : an assembly which connects the load to the material handling equipment.

(130) “Split-rail switch” : an electric limit switch operated mechanically by the rollers of manlift steps. It consists of an additional hinged or “split” rail, mounted on the regular guide rail, over which the step rollers pass. It is springloaded in the “split” position. If the step supports no load, the rollers will “bump” over the switch; if a loaded step should pass over the section, the split rail will be forced straight, tripping the switch and opening the electrical circuit.

(131) “Standard guard railing” : a substantial barrier, constructed in accordance with paragraph (E) of rule 4121:1-5-02 of the Administrative Code.

(a) “Top rail” : the top lateral member of a standard guard railing.

(b) “Intermediate rail” : the lateral member or members of a standard guard railing, installed at intervals of no more than twenty-one inches.

(132) “Steam hammers” : a type of drop hammer where the ram is raised for each stroke by a double-action steam cylinder and the energy delivered to the workpiece is supplied by the velocity and weight of the ram and attached upper die driven downward by steam pressure. Energy delivered during each stroke may be varied.

(133) “Stop control” : an operator control on a mechanical power press designed to immediately deactivate the clutch control and activate the brake to stop slide motion.

(134) “Stripper” : a mechanism or die part on a power press for removing the parts or material from the punch.

(135) “Stud, pin, or fastener (as used in portable fastening tools)” : a fastening device specifically designed and manufactured for use in portable explosive-actuated fastening tools.

(136) “Substantial (referring to material things)” : constructed of such strength, or of such materials, and of such workmanship that the object will withstand the wear, usage, or shock for which it is designed.

(137) “Sweep device” : a single or double arm (rod) attached to the upper die or slide of a power press and designed to move the operator’s hands as the dies close when the operator’s hands are inadvertently within the point of operation. (Their use on power presses is prohibited.)

(138) “Swinging scaffold” : (see “scaffold”).

(139) “Toeboard” : a vertical barrier erected along exposed edges of a floor opening, platform, runway, ramp, or scaffold to prevent falls of material.

(140) “Travel” (manlifts): the distance between the centers of the top and bottom pulleys.

(141) “Traveling cable” : a cable made up of electrical or communication conductors or both, and providing electrical connection between the working platform and the roof car or other fixed point.

(142) “Trench (when used as a noun)” : a narrow excavation made below the surface of the ground. In general, the depth is greater than the width, but the width of a trench at the bottom is no greater than fifteen feet.

(143) “Trench boxes (safety cages, trench shields)” : a shoring system composed of steel plates and bracing, welded or bolted together, which can be moved along as work progresses and protects employees from movement of earth and cave-ins.

(144) “Trench jack” : a screw or hydraulic-type jack used as cross bracing in a trench shoring system.

(145) “Turnover bar” : a bar used in die setting to turn manually the crankshaft of a mechanical power press.

(146) “Two-point suspension scaffold” : (see “scaffold”).

(147) “Unitized tooling” : a type of die in which the upper and lower members are incorporated into a self-contained unit so arranged as to hold the die members in alignment.

(148) “Uprights” : the vertical members of a shoring system.

(149) “Upsetting machines (forging machines, headers)” : a type of forging equipment in which the main forming energy is applied horizontally to the workpiece which is gripped and held by prior action of the dies.

(150) “Ventilation” :

(a) “Dilution ventilation” : ventilation provided to reduce the concentration of air contaminants in the atmosphere of all or part of the place of employment.

(b) “General ventilation” : ventilation of the general atmosphere in the place of employment.

(c) “Local exhaust ventilation” : that type of ventilation in which suction is applied at the point of generation or escape of air contaminants.

(151) “Wales (stringers)” : the horizontal members of a shoring system with sides bearing against the uprights or earth.

(152) “Wall and chute openings” : openings in any wall or partition from which there is a drop of more than four feet and which are thirty inches or more in height and eighteen inches or more in width through which an individual may inadvertently fall. Windows shall not be considered wall openings except when located at the foot of any flight of stairs or at any platform on stairs. Where windows or openings are filled in with glass block, metal frame with sash bars, or wire mesh types, they shall not be considered wall openings.

(153) “Wall hole” : an opening less than thirty inches but more than one inch high, of unrestricted width, in a wall or partition, such as a ventilation hole or drainage scupper.

HISTORY: Eff 4-1-64; 8-1-77; 1-1-86; 4-1-99

Rule promulgated under: RC Chapter 119.

Rule authorized by: RC 4121.12, 4121.121, 4121.13

Rule amplifies: RC 4121.47

119.032 review date: 3/1/03; 3/1/98

(A) Scope.

This rule coves the guarding of floor and wall openings and holes. It shall not apply to industrial grating holes nor to the working face of floor openings which are occupied by elevators, dumbwaiters, conveyors, machinery, piping or containers; the loading and unloading areas of automotive truck and railroad docks, or platforms, scaffolds, pits and trenches which are occupied for the purpose of providing access to a product, facility or process equipment while being worked upon.

(B) Reserved.

(C) Permanent openings – floor, wall and yard.

(1) Floor openings.

(a) Guarding.

(i) Floor openings, not including hoistway openings, shall be guarded with standard railing or with fixed safety covers with flush hinges.

(ii) When an overhead obstruction prevents the use of standard railing, the top of the railing shall be constructed not more than ten inches below the overhead obstruction.

(iii) Removable or hinged railings or a substantial chain or wire rope section shall be installed when operations prevent installation of standard railing or fixed safety covers with flush hinges.

(b) Work below floor openings.

Where employees are required to work below a floor opening, toeboards shall be installed.

(c) Safety covers.

When a safety cover is used to protect an opening, the unused sides of the opening shall be guarded when the cover is raised.

(d) Guarding manholes, handholes, gratings and excavations.

Barriers, barricades or standard guard railings shall be provided for guarding open manholes, handholes, gratings or excavations and shall be visible at all times.

(2) Floor holes – guarding.

(a) Every floor hole into which employees can accidentally walk shall be guarded by either:

(i) A standard railing and toeboard on all exposed sides, or

(ii) A fixed, hinged floor hole cover of substantial strength and construction. While the cover is not in place, the floor hole shall be attended by an employee designated by the employer or shall be guarded by a removable standard railing.

(b) Every floor hole into which employees cannot accidentally walk (on account of fixed machinery, equipment, or walls) shall be protected by a cover that leaves no openings more than one inch wide. The cover shall be securely held in place to prevent tools or materials from falling through.

(3) Wall openings and holes, including chute openings.

(a) Wall opening-guarding.

(i) Wall openings shall be guarded by standard railings and toeboards, or with doors or gates or substantial screens which shall extend to a minimum height of fort-two inches measured from the floor or platform level.

(ii) When the top of the wall openings, protected by a railing, prevents installation of standard guard railing, the top rail shall be not be more than ten inches below the top of the wall opening.

(b) Wall hole – guarding.

Where the is a hazard of materials falling through a wall hole, and the lower edge of the near side of the hole is less than four inches above the floor, and the far side of the hole more than five feet above the next lower level, the hole shall be guarded by a toeboard, or an enclosing screen either of solid construction, or as specified in rule 4121:1-5-99 of the Administrative Code.

(c) Openings used for unloading materials – guarding.

(i) Openings used for unloading material into chutes, hoppers or bins when not in use, shall be guarded.

(ii) Area at discharge end of chutes:

The area at the discharge end of chutes shall be guarded if employees are required to work in, or pass through the area. If the chute discharges into a bin, conveyor, truck, railroad car, or other container, guarding shall not be required, but warning signs of conspicuous and easily read style shall be posted to warn employees when there is a hazard from falling, flying, moving or sliding objects.

(4) Working pits.

Working pits shall be guarded when not in use.

(5) Open vats, open soaking pits and open tanks.

(a) Sides of such vats, soaking pits, and tanks, containing injurious chemicals or other materials, shall extend to a height of not less than thirty-six inches above the working floor level or shall be guarded by standard guard railing. Employees shall not be required to work over such vats, soaking pits and tanks except on elevated runways, platforms and walkways (see paragraph (D)(1) of this rule).

(b) This shall not apply to open vats, soaking pits and open tanks designated as restricted areas where product is handled by conveyor or cab-controlled overhead crane.

(6) Galvanizing tanks.

Galvanizing tanks shall have a minimum height of thirty inches. At such height the wall thickness or bench shall be no less than thirty-two inches in width. For each increase in height of one inch the wall thickness or bench may be reduced by four inches (see appendix to this rule).

(D) Elevated platforms, runways and walkways.

This rule does not apply to scaffolding.

(1) Guarding.

(a) Elevated platforms, runways and walkways six feet or more above floor or ground level shall be guarded with standard railings and toeboards. All elevated runways, platforms and walkways, regardless of height, located over or adjacent to water, machinery, open vats, open soaking pits or open tanks shall be provided with standard railing and toeboards.

(b) When the requirement prescribed above would result in an impairment of the work being performed, alternative protection may be provided for employees. Such alternative protection shall provide safety equivalent to or greater than that required in paragraph (D)(1)(a) of this rule.

(2) Support.

Elevated runways, platforms and walkways, made of planks shall be supported at least every five feet and the planks shall be securely fastened together with cleats underneath.

(3) Openings (drainage, ventilation, etc.).

Openings for drainage, ventilation, etc. in floors, elevated runways, platforms and walkways six feet or more above floor or ground level where employees are required to work below, shall not be greater than one inch in width.

(4) Special purpose runways.

Runways used exclusively for special purposes, such as oiling, shafting, or filling tank cars, may have the railing on one side omitted where operating conditions necessitate such omission, provided the falling hazard is minimized by using a runway of not less than eighteen inches wide.

(E) Standard guard railings, intermediate rail and toeboards.

A standard guard railing shall be constructed as a substantial barrier, securely fastened in place, and free from protruding objects, such as nails, screws and bolts, to protect openings or prevent accidental contact with some object, which barrier shall consist of a top rail not less than forty-two inches above the working level, and unless the space between the top rail and the working level is covered with substantial material, an intermediate rail. Minimum material requirements shall be:

(1) Metal.

Top rail and uprights, one-and-one-fourth-inch diameter pipe, or one-and-one-half by one-and-one-half by three-six-teenths-inch angle; intermediate rail, one-by one-fourth-inch bar. Upright spacing not to exceed eight feet.

(2) Wood.

Top rail and uprights shall not be less than one and nine-sixteenths by three and nine-sixteenths inches; intermediate rails shall be not less than nine-sixteenths by five and nine-sixteenths inches. Uprights shall be spaced not to exceed six feet center to center. These measurements are net finished dimensions.

(3) Toeboards.

“Toeboard” means a barrier not less than four inches in height, placed along the edge of a scaffold, platform, runway, floor opening, etc., and securely fastened thereto, with clearance between the bottom of the toeboard and the floor or platform level, not exceeding one-half inch.

(F) Stairway railings, guards and treads.

(1) Standard stair railings and standard handrails.

Every flight of stairs having four or more risers shall be equipped with standard stair railings or standard handrails as specified in the following, the width of the stair to be measured clear of all obstructions except handrails:

(a) On stairways less than forty-four inches wide having both sides enclosed, at least one handrail, preferably on the right side descending;

(b) On stairways less than forty-four inches wide having one side open, at least one stair railing on the open side;

(c) On stairways less than forty-four inches wide having both sides open, one stair railing on each side;

(d) On stairways more than forty-four inches but less than eighty-eight inches wide, one handrail on each enclosed side and one stair railing on each open side;

(e) On stairways eighty-eight or more inches wide, one handrail on each enclosed side, one stair railing on each open side, and one intermediate stair railing located approximately midway of the width.

(2) Winding stairs.

Winding stairs shall be equipped with a handrail offset to prevent walking on all portions of the treads having width less than six inches.

(3) Uniform treads.

All stairways shall have risers and treads of uniform dimensions in each run, except winding stairs as covered in paragraph (F)(2) of this rule.

(G) Dockboards (bridge plates).

(1) Portable and powered dockboards shall be substantial enough to carry the load imposed on them.

(2) Portable dockboards shall be secured in position, either being securely fastened or equipped with devices which will prevent slipping.

(3) Handholds, or other effective means shall be provided on portable dockboards.

(4) Positive protection shall be provided to prevent railroad cars or motor vehicles from moving or being moved while dockboards or bridge plates are in position.

(H) Stairways.

(1) “Stairway” means one or more flights of stairs and the necessary landings and platforms connecting them to form a continuous and uninterrupted passage from one floor or level to another.

(2) Flight of stairs.

(a) Four or more risers between landings shall be considered a flight of stairs.

(b) This does not apply to steps over a conveyor or to a working platform in connection with production lines or process units where access is for the performance of work, and the steps are not considered a passageway for general travel.

(I) Handrails.

Handrails shall be free of protruding nails or screws and not less than thirty inches, nor more than forty-two inches in height measured vertically above the line in the top surface of the tread over the face of the riser.

Appendix A

For Appendix A To obtain the appendix, table, image, etc. please call LSC’s ERF Helpdesk at 614-387-2078 or send an email to erfhelpdesk@lsc.state.oh.us.

HISTORY: Eff 4-1-64; 8-1-77; 1-1-86; 4-1-99

Rule promulgated under: RC Chapter 119.

Rule authorized by: RC 4121.12, 4121.121, 4121.13

Rule amplifies: RC 4121.47

119.032 review date: 3/1/03; 3/1/98

(A) Reserved.

(B) Reserved.

(C) Ladders.

(1) Construction.

All ladders shall be substantially constructed of wood, metal or other equivalent material and shall have a safety factor of not less than four.

(a) Side rails.

(i) Wood.

Wood side rails shall be of sound material free from shakes, cross grain, checks or decay. Knots shall not exceed one-half-inch diameter and shall not be nearer than one-half inch to the edge of the rail or within three inches of the rung, step or tread.

(ii) Metal.

Metal side rails shall be parallel or shall vary uniformly in separation along the length (tapered) of the ladder or shall flare at the base. The design of the side rails shall be such that the ladder will conform to the specific safety requirements of this code.

(b) Rungs, steps or treads.

(i) Wood.

Wood rungs, steps or treads shall be sound material free from knots, shakes, cross grain, large checks or decay. All rungs, steps or treads shall have a uniform spacing which shall not exceed twelve inches on center.

(ii) Metal.

Metal rungs, steps or treads shall have a uniform spacing which shall not exceed twelve inches on center. Metal rungs, steps or treads to side rail connections shall be so constructed as to conform to the factor of safety specified in paragraph (C)(1) of this rule.

(2) Portable ladders.

(a) Metal rungs, steps or treads.

All metal rungs, steps or treads shall be corrugated, knurled, dimpled, or coated with skid-resistant material.

(b) Safety shoes, spikes or spurs.

(i) All portable ladders shall be equipped with safety shoes, metal spikes or spurs. Safety shoes shall be surfaced with cork, carborundum, rubber or other material with equivalent coefficient of friction.

(ii) This does not apply to step ladders, lashed ladder or hook ladders.

(c) Hook ladders.

Ladders designed for use by hooking shall be equipped with two or more substantial metal hooks at the top of the ladder.

(d) Portable metal or conductive ladders.

Portable metal or conductive ladders shall not be used near energized conductors or equipment except as may be necessary in specialized work, such as in high voltage substations where non-conductive ladders might present a greater hazard than conductive ladders. Conductive or metal ladders shall be prominently marked as Conductive.”

(3) Extension ladders.

(a) Automatic locks.

Extension ladders shall be equipped with two automatic locks of malleable iron or equivalent material attached to the side rails of the upper extension and of such construction as to make the extension ladder equal in strength to a ladder constructed of continuous side rails.

(b) Where a single rung support holds an entire rung of the upper extension and the support is attached to both side rails of the lower section, two automatic locks shall not be required.

(4) Step ladders.

(a) Height.

Step ladders shall not exceed twenty feet in height.

(b) Spreader.

A substantial spreader shall be provided on step ladders to hold the front and back sections in open position.

(5) Sectional ladders.

When sectional ladders are used they shall conform to the following:

(a) Length.

Sectional ladders shall not exceed thirty-seven feet in extended length.

(b) Connection joint.

(i) Adjacent sections shall be jointed by means of a groove in the bottom end of each rail of the upper of the two sections setting firmly over extensions outside the side rails, of the topmost rung of the next lower section and, at the same time, a groove in the top end of each rail of the lower of the two sections setting firmly over the bottom rung, inside the side rails, of the section next above.

(ii) The distance between the two rungs (topmost rung of one section, bottom rung of the section next above) mentioned in paragraph (C) (5)(b)(i) of this rule shall not be less than one foot.

(iii) The fit between rail grooves and rungs mentioned in paragraph (C) (5)(b)(i) of this rule shall be such as to provide a good fit without binding or unnecessary play.

(iv) The grooved ends of the sections shall be reinforced with a metal plate of not less than eighteen-gauge (manufacturing standard) material properly secured thereto, and a rivet adjacent to the groove, extending through the depth of the rail, or the equivalent thereof.

(c) Structural dimensions and requirements.

(i) The minimum dressed cross section and distance between side rails of wood shall be as follows:

---

Side Rails

Numbe. Cross Section Distance

of Thickness Depth Base

Sections (inches) (inches) (inches)

---

Up to & inc. 4 sections 1-1/8 2-3/4 13

Over 4 sections, up to

& inc. 6 sections 1-1/8 3-1/8 20

---

(ii) If the length exceeds six feet, the side rail cross sections shall be correspondingly increased.

(6) Fixed ladders.

All fixed ladders twenty feet or more in length shall be equipped with a ladder cage or ladder well. This requirement does not apply to ladders on smokestacks, towers, tanks, manholes, or bins used for storage or permanent fire ladders.

(a) Landing platforms.

When ladders are used to ascend to heights exceeding twenty feet, landing platforms shall be provided for each thirty feet of height or fraction thereof, except that where no cage, well, or ladder safety device is provided, landing platforms shall be provided for each twenty feet of height or fraction thereof. Each ladder section shall be offset from adjacent sections. Where installation conditions (even for a short, unbroken length) require that adjacent sections be offset, landing platforms shall be provided at each offset.

(i) Where an employee must step a distance greater than twelve inches from the centerline of the rung of a ladder to the nearest edge of structure or equipment, a landing platform shall be provided. The minimum step-across distance shall be two and one-half inches. (See figure 4121:1-5-03 (C)(6)(a)(i) to this rule.)

(ii) All landing platforms shall be equipped with standard guard railings and toeboards, so arranged as to give safe access to the ladder. Platforms shall be no less than twenty-four inches in width and thirty inches in length.

(iii) One rung of any section of ladder shall be located at the level of the landing laterally served by the ladder. Where access to the landing is through the ladder, the same rung spacing as used on the ladder shall be used from the landing platform to the first rung below the landing.

Figure 4121:1-5-03(C)(6)(a)(i)

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Ladder Far from Wall

(b) Ladder extensions.

The side rails of through or side-step ladder extensions shall extend three and one-half feet above any landing or other walking surface. For through ladder extensions, the rungs shall be omitted from the extension and shall have not less than eighteen nor more than twenty-four inches clearance between rails. For side-step or offset fixed ladder sections at landings, the side rails and rungs shall be carried to the next regular rung beyond or above the three-and-one-half-foot minimum. (See figure 4121:1-5-03 (C) (6)(b) to this rule.)

Figure 4121:1-5-03(C)(6)(b)

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(c) Grab bars.

Grab bars shall be spaced by a continuation of the rung spacing when they are located in the horizontal position. Vertical grab bars shall have the same spacing as the ladder side rails. Grab bars’ diameters shall be the equivalent of the round-rung diameters.

(d) Ladder safety devices.

Ladder safety devices may be used on ladders in lieu of cage protection. No landing platform is required in these cases. All ladder safety devices such as those that incorporate life belts, friction brakes, and sliding attachments shall meet the design requirements of the ladder which they serve.

(e) Counterweighted hatch covers.

Where counterweighted hatch covers are provided they shall open a minimum of sixty degrees from the horizontal. The distance from centerline of rungs or cleats to the edge of the hatch opening on the climbing side shall be not less than twenty-four inches from offset wells or thirty inches for straight wells. There shall be no protruding potential hazards within twenty-four inches of the centerline of rungs or cleats; any such hazards within thirty inches of the centerline of the rungs or cleats shall be fitted with deflector plates placed at an angle of sixty degrees from the horizontal as indicated in figure 4121:1-5-03 (C)(6)(e) of this rule.

Figure 4121:1-5-03(C)(6)(e)

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Deflector Plates for Head Hazards

(f) Pitch of fixed ladders.

(i) The pitch of fixed shall come in the range of seventy-five degrees and ninety degrees with the horizontal. (See figure 4121:1-5-03 (C)(6)(f)(i) of this rule).

Figure 4121:1-5-03(C)(6)(f)(i)

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Pitch of Fixed Ladders

(ii) Fixed ladders within the pitch range of sixty to seventy-five degrees with the horizontal are permitted only where it is found necessary to meet conditions of installation. Lesser pitch ranges are not permissible.

(iii) Ladders having a pitch in excess of ninety degrees with the horizontal are prohibited.

(g) Manhole steps and ladders.

(i) Entrance into a manhole shall be by steps that are cast or mortared into the walls of riser or conical top sections or by portable ladder. Portable ladders shall conform to the requirements of paragraphs (C)(1) and (C)(2) of this rule.

(ii) Manhole steps that are cast or mortared into the walls of riser or conical top sections shall meet the following requirements:

(a) For steps, appurtenances and fastenings, the minimum design live load shall be a single concentrated load of three hundred pounds.

(b) Steps in riser and conical top sections shall be aligned in each section so as to form a continuous ladder with steps equally spaced vertically in the assembled manhole at the maximum design distance of sixteen inches apart. Steps shall be so designed that the foot cannot slide off the end.

(c) When dissimilar types of materials are used in the steps, appurtenances and fastenings, the materials shall be treated to prevent deleterious effects.

(d) The portion of the step projecting into the riser or cone opening shall be free of any hazardous sharp edges, burrs, or projections.

(e) Ferrous metal steps not painted or treated or resist corrosion shall have a minimum cross-sectional dimension of one inch.

(f) The minimum length of steps shall be ten inches.

(g) The step shall project a minimum clear distance of four inches from the wall of the rise or cone section measured from the point of embedment.

(h) Rungs and cleats.

(i) All rungs shall have a minimum diameter of three-fourths inch for metal ladders or material of equivalent strength, and minimum diameter of one and one-eighth inches for wood ladders.

(ii) The distance between rungs, cleats, and steps shall not exceed sixteen inches and shall be uniform throughout the length of the ladder.

(iii) The minimum clear length of rungs or cleats shall be twelve inches.

(iv) Rungs, cleats, and steps shall be free of splinters, sharp edges, burrs, or projections which may be a hazard.

(v) The rungs of an individual-rung ladder shall be so designed that the foot cannot slide off the end. A suggested design is shown in figure 4121:1-5-03 (C)(6)(h)(v) to this rule.

Figure 4121:1-5-03(C)(6)(h)(v)

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Suggested design for rungs on individual-rung ladders.

(i) Fastenings.

Fastenings shall be an integral part of fixed ladder design.

(j) Ladder cage.

A ladder cage which encircles the climbing space and is securely fastened to the side rails of the fixed ladder or to the structure shall be provided.

(i) Size of cage.

The cage shall not extend less than twenty-seven or more than twenty-eight inches from the centerline of the rungs of the ladder and shall not be less than twenty-seven inches in width. Vertical bars shall be at a minimum spacing of forty degrees around the circumference of the cage. This will give a maximum spacing of approximately nine and one-half inches, center to center. The inside of the cage shall be clear of projections.

(ii) Top of cage.

The top of the cage shall extend a minimum of forty-two inches above the top of the landing.

(iii) Bottom of cage.

The bottom of the cage shall extend down the ladder to a point not less than seven nor more than eight feet above the base of the ladder, with bottom flared not less than four inches, or the portion of the cage opposite the ladder shall be carried to the base. (See figure 4121:1-5-03 (C)(6)(j)(iii) to this rule.)

(k) Ladder well.

(i) If a ladder well is provided, it shall permanently and completely enclose the climbing space and the ladder shall be securely fastened to the walls of the well.

(ii) Minimum clearance.

Ladder wells shall have a minimum clear width of fifteen inches measured each way from the center-line of the ladder. Smooth-walled wells shall be a minimum of twenty-seven inches from the centerline of the rungs, steps or treads to the well wall on the climbing side of the ladder. Where obstructions on the climbside of the ladder exist, there shall be a minimum clearance of thirty inches from the centerline of the rungs, steps or treads.

Figure 4121:1-5-03(C)(6)(j)(iii)

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Cages for Ladders More Than 20 Feet High

(7) Trolley and side-rolling ladders.

(a) Length.

Trolley ladders and side-rolling ladders longer than twenty feet shall not be provided.

(b) Width.

The width between the side rails, inside to inside, shall be not less than twelve inches.

(c) Step attachment.

Flat steps shall be inset in the side rails one-eighth inch and secured with not less than two 6-d nails at each end, or the equivalent thereof. They shall be reinforced with angle braces or a three-sixteenths-inch steel rod.

(d) Locking device.

Locking devices shall be provided on all trolley ladders.

(e) Tracks.

(i) Tracks shall be wood or metal (excluding cast iron) or a combination of these materials.

(ii) Tracks for the top end of ladders shall be fastened securely and shall be so constructed that the wheels will not jump the track.

(iii) Tracks for side-rolling ladders shall be supported by metal or wood brackets securely screwed or bolted to shelving or other permanent structure at intervals of not more than three feet.

(f) Wheel carriages.

(i) The wheel carriage shall be so designed that a loose or broken wheel will not allow the ladder to drop or become detached from the track.

(ii) The wheel carriage for the bottom of the ladder shall be securely fastened to the bottom of the ladder.

(iii) The wheels at the upper end of the ladder shall have a minimum wheel base of eight inches.

(8) Trestle and extension trestle ladders.

(a) The width between the side rails a the base of the trestle ladder and base sections of the extension trestle ladder shall be not less than twenty-one inches for all ladders and sections up to and including six feet. Longer lengths shall be increased at least one inch for each additional foot of length. The width between the side rails of the extension sections of the trestle ladder shall be not less than twelve inches.

(b) The tops of the side rails of the trestle ladder and of the base section of the extension trestle ladder shall be beveled, or of equivalent construction and shall be provided further with a metal hinge to prevent spreading.

(c) A metal spreader or locking device to hold the front and back sections in an open position, and to hold the extension section securely in the elevated position shall be a component of all extension trestle ladders and all trestle ladders over twelve feet in length.

(d) Rungs shall be parallel and level. On the trestle ladder, or on the base sections of the extension trestle ladder, rungs shall be spaced not less than eight inches or more than eighteen inches apart; on the extension section of the extension trestle ladder, rungs shall be spaced not less than six inches or more than twelve inches apart.

(e) General specifications – trestle and extension trestle ladders.

(i) Trestle ladders or extension sections or base sections of extension trestle ladders shall be not more than twenty feet in length.

(ii) The minimum distance between side rails of the trestle or extension sections or base sections at the narrowest point shall be not less than twelve inches. The width spread shall be not less than one inch per foot of length of side rail.

(9) Platform stepladder.

(a) The minimum width between side rails at the platform shall not be less than fifteen inches.

(b) The back legs and side rails shall extend at least twenty-four inches above the platform and shall be connected with a top member to form a three-sided rail, or equivalent construction shall be provided.

(c) The wood parts of a combined wood and metal platform functioning as a spreader shall not be depended upon to contribute to the spreading or locking action.

(D) Scaffolds.

(1) Stationery scaffolds.

(a) Construction.

(i) Stationary scaffolds shall be substantially constructed of wood, metal or other equivalent material and shall be securely fastened.

(ii) Dimensions, structural.

Planks used in scaffolds shall be a minimum width of ten inches and a minimum thickness of two inches, scaffold grade, and shall be straight, close grained and free of visible defects, such as large knots, decay and shakes. Wooden materials of different sectional dimensions of equal strength or other material of equal strength may be used.

(b) Factor of safety.

Stationary scaffolds and their load-bearing members shall have a designed factor of safety of not less than four.

(c) Guarding.

(i) Standard guard railing and toeboards shall be provided on the unprotected sides of all stationary scaffolds which are ten feet or more above the ground or supporting area, or that are over or immediately adjacent to water, machinery or sources of danger.

(ii) Standard guard railing and toeboards shall not be required on ladder scaffolds.

(iii) When it is not practicable to install and use standard guard railing for employee protection on a scaffolds, as required by this paragraph, safety belts which are properly secured to a lanyard and lifeline or a safety net properly installed, may be used instead of standard guard railings.

(d) Side screens.

Side screen shall be provided on all scaffolds more than ten feet in height that are adjacent to passageways, or where employees are employed within ten feet of the base of the scaffold, and where material is piled adjacent to and higher than toeboards. As a minimum, side screens shall be as high as the maximum height of material to be stored or piled on the scaffold. Side screens shall be made of substantial expanded metal or wire netting not larger than one-half-inch mesh, or other equivalent material, securely fastened in place.

(e) Ladder or ramp access.

At least one ladder or ramp shall be provided for access to stationary scaffolds four feet or more in height with the exception of suspended or swinging scaffolds.

(f) Footings.

The footing or anchorage for scaffolds shall be sound, rigid, and capable of carrying the maximum intended load without settling or displacement.

(g) Overlap.

All planking on platforms shall be overlapped (minimum twelve inches) or shall be securely fashioned in place.

(h) End supports.

Scaffold planks shall extend over their end supports not less than six inches nor more than eighteen inches extending across the entire bearer from pole to pole. The scaffold planks shall be laid tightly with no opening greater than one inch, through which tools or materials can fall.

(i) Overhead protection.

Overhead protection shall be provided for employees on a scaffold exposed to overhead hazards.

(j) Rope.

(i) Rope (wire, fire, or equivalent) used for scaffold suspension shall have a factor of safety of not less than six.

(ii) Only treated or protected fiber rope or its equivalent shall be used for on near any work involving the sue of corrosive substances or chemicals.

(k) Shore or lean-to scaffolds.

The sue of shore scaffolds or lean-to scaffolds is prohibited.

(l) Lumber sizes.

Lumber sizes, when used in this paragraph, refer to nominal sizes except where otherwise stated.

(m) Securing.

Scaffolds shall be secured to permanent structures, through use of anchor bolts, reveal bolts, or other equivalent means. Window cleaners’ anchor belts shall not be used.

(2) Manually propelled mobile work platforms (ladder stands) and rolling scaffolds (towers).

Manually propelled mobile work platforms (ladder stands) and rolling platforms (towers) shall support at least four times the designed working load. The assembled components of all mobile work platforms (ladder stands) and rolling platforms (towers) shall provide a factor of safety of not less than four. Exposed surfaces shall be free sharp edges, burrs, or other projecting parts.

(a) Work platform levels.

(i) The maximum work platform height shall not exceed four times the minimum or least base dimension of any mobile work platform (ladder stand), or rolling scaffold (tower). Where the basic mobile unit does not meet this requirement, outrigger frames shall be provided to meet this least base dimension, or it shall be securely fastened to prevent tipping.

(ii) The minimum work platform width for any work level shall not be less than twenty inches for mobile scaffolds (towers). Ladder stands shall have a minimum step width of sixteen inches.

(iii) The supporting structure for the work platform shall be rigidly braced, using substantial cross bracing or diagonal bracing with rigid platforms at each work level.

(iv) The steps of ladder stands shall have slip resistant treads.

(v) The work platform of rolling scaffolds (towers) shall be the full width of the scaffold, except for necessary openings. Work platforms shall be securely fastened in place. All planking shall be two-inch scaffold grade lumber or equivalent.

(vi) Work platforms ten feet or more above the ground or floor shall have a standard guardrail with an intermediate rail and toeboard.

(vii) A climbing ladder or stairway shall be provided for access and egress, and shall be secured safely to or built into the scaffold and so located that its use will not tip the scaffold. A landing platform shall be provided at intervals not to exceed thirty feet.

(b) Wheels or casters.

(i) Wheels or casters shall support four times the designed working load.

(ii) Scaffold casters shall be provided with a positive wheel lock and/or swivel lock to prevent movement. Ladder stands shall have at least two of the four caster of the swivel type.

(iii) Where leveling of the elevated work platform is required, screw jacks or equivalent means for adjusting the height shall be provided in the base section of each mobile unit.

(c) Mobile tubular welded frame scaffolds.

(i) Bracing.

Scaffolds shall be braced by cross braces and/or diagonal braces for securely fastening vertical members together laterally. The cross braces shall be of a length that will automatically square and align vertical members so the erected scaffold is always plumb, square, and rigid.

(ii) Spacing.

Spacing of panels or frames shall provide a factor of safety of not less than four. The frames shall be placed one on top of the other with coupling or stacking pins which shall provide positive vertical alignment of the legs.

(iii) Locking.

Panels shall be locked together vertically by pins or be securely fastened in place by other means which shall provide equivalent rigidity.

(d) Mobile tubular welded sectional folding scaffolds.

(i) Stairway.

A stairway and work platform shall be an integral part of the structure of each sectional folding stairway scaffold.

(ii) Bracing.

A set of pivoting and hinged folding diagonal and horizontal braces and a detachable work platform shall be an integral part of the structure of each sectional folding ladder scaffold.

(iii) Sectional folding stairway scaffolds.

The width of a sectional folding stairway scaffold shall not exceed four and one-half feet. The maximum length of a sectional folding stairway scaffold shall not exceed six feet.

(iv) Sectional folding ladder scaffolds.

The width of a sectional folding ladder scaffold shall not exceed four and one-half feet. The maximum length of a sectional folding ladder scaffold shall not exceed six feet six inches for a six-foot-long unit, eight feet six inches for an eight-foot-long unit or ten feet six inches for a ten-foot-long unit.

(v) End frames.

The end frames of sectional ladder and stairway scaffolds shall be designed so that the horizontal bearers provide supports for multiple planking levels.

(e) Mobile tube and coupler scaffolds.

Couplers shall be of a structural type, such as a drop-forged steel, malleable iron or structural grade aluminum. The use of grey cast iron is prohibited.

(f) Mobile work platforms.

(i) Base width.

The minimum width of the base of mobile work platforms shall not be less than twenty inches.

(ii) Bracing.

Rigid diagonal bracing to vertical members shall be provided.

(g) Mobile ladder stands.

(i) Base width.

The maximum length of the base section shall be the total length of combined steps and top assembly, measured horizontally, plus five-eighths inch per step of rise.

(ii) Steps.

Steps shall be uniformly spaced, and sloped, with a rise of not less than nine inches, nor more than ten inches and a depth of not less than seven inches. The slope of the steps section shall be a minimum of fifty-five degrees and a maximum of sixty degrees measured from the horizontal.

(iii) Handrails.

(a) Units having more than five steps or sixty inches vertical height to the top step shall be equipped with handrails.

(b) Handrails shall be a minimum of twenty-nine inches high. Measurements shall be taken vertically from the center of the step.

(h) Erection.

Only the manufacturer of the scaffold or his qualified designated shall be permitted to erect or supervise the erection of scaffolds exceeding fifty feet in height above the base, unless such a structure is approved in writing by a licensed professional engineer, or erected in accordance with instructions furnished by the manufacturer.

(E) Boatswains’ chairs.

(1) When constructed of wood, the chair seat shall be no less than twelve inches by twenty-four inches by one-inch thickness, reinforced by cleats on the underside to prevent splitting. A chair of the same size may be constructed of material of equal strength.

(2) Seat slings shall be of no less than five-eighths-inch diameter, first grade manila rope, or its equivalent, which shall be reeved through the four seat holes so as to cross each other on the underside of the seat.

(3) Seat slings shall be of no less than three-eighths-inch wire rope when an employee is conducting a heat-producing process, such as gas or arc welding.

(4) The employee shall be protected by a safety belt and lifeline in accordance with paragraph (I)(6) of rule 4121:1-5-17 of the Administrative Code. The attachment point of the lifeline to the structure shall be appropriately changed as the work progresses.

(5) The tackle shall consist of correct size ball bearing or bushed blocks and properly spliced five-eighths-inch diameter, first grade manila rope, or equivalent.

(6) The roof irons or hooks shall be of proper size and design, securely installed and anchored. Tiebacks of three-quarters-inch manila rope, or its equivalent, shall serve as an additional means of anchorage, which shall be installed as nearly as possible at right angles to the face of the building and shall be secured to a structurally sound portion of the building permits installation substantially at right angles to the face of the building, two tiebacks shall be used and secured at substantially equal and opposing acute angles to the right angle. Where outrigger beams, which shall consist of structural metal, or davits are used, they shall be securely fastened or anchored to the frame or floor system of the building or structure.

(F) Swinging scaffolds.

(1) Swinging scaffold platforms shall be no less than twenty inches wide overall. The platform shall be securely fastened to the hangers by U-bolts or by other equivalent means.

(2) The hangers of swinging scaffolds shall be capable of sustaining four times the rated load.

(3) When hoisting machines are used on swinging scaffolds, machines shall be of an approved design.

(4) The roofirons or hooks shall be of proper size and design securely installed and anchored. Tiebacks of three-quarters-inch manila rope, or the equivalent, shall serve as an additional means of anchorage, which shall be installed as nearly as possible at right angles to the face of the building and shall be secured to a structurally sound portion of the building permits installation substantially at right angles to the face of the building, two tiebacks shall be used and secured at substantially equal and opposing acute angles to the right angle. Where outrigger beams, which shall consist of structural metal, or davits are used, they shall be securely fastened or anchored to the frame or floor system of the building or structure.

(5) Swinging scaffolds shall be suspended by wire, synthetic fiber, or natural fiber ropes capable of supporting no less than six times the rated load. All other components shall be capable of supporting no less than four times the rated load.

(6) Only treated or protected fiber rope or its equivalent shall be used for or near any work involving the use of corrosive chemicals.

(7) The sheaves of all blocks shall fit the size and type of rope used.

(8) No more than two employees shall be required to be on a two-point suspension scaffold designed for a working load of five hundred pounds. No more than three employees shall be required to be on a two-point suspension scaffold designed for a working load of seven hundred pounds.

(9) The employer shall provide an approved safety belt or harness and lifeline for each employee working on a swinging scaffold in compliance with paragraph (I)(6) of rule 4121:1-5-17 of the Administrative Code.

(10) Employees shall not be required to use a bridge, or to move directly, between one swinging scaffold and another.

(11) Each swinging scaffold shall be securely fastened to the building or structure at each work location to prevent it from swaying. Window cleaners’ anchors shall not be used for this purpose. Tie-in anchors designed for the rated load of the scaffold may be used.

(12) The platform of every swinging scaffold shall be capable of sustaining four times the rated load.

(13) All swinging scaffolds shall have standard guardrails and toeboards on all unprotected sides of platforms.

(14) The free ends of fall lines from scaffolds shall be guarded to prevent tangling or snagging.

HISTORY: Eff 4-1-64; 8-1-77; 1-1-86; 4-1-99

Rule promulgated under: RC Chapter 119.

Rule authorized by: RC 4121.12, 4121.121, 4121.13

Rule amplifies: RC 4121.47

119.032 review date: 3/1/03; 3/1/98

(A) Scope.

This rule applies to mechanical power transmission apparatus and facilities to transmit power to operating equipment or machine tools. This rule shall not be construed as being applicable to power transmission facilities located within the frame or the equipment and exposure is necessary to its operation or adjustment.

(B) Reserved.

(C) Belts and pulleys.

(1) Horizontal belts (not including conveyors or conveyor belts).

Horizontal belts and pulleys seven feet or less above floor or platform shall be guarded as follows:

(a) If upper part of belt is seven feet or less from floor level, the belt or pulley shall be enclosed on top, bottom, sides and ends. Note: In power or power development plants a standard guard railing may be used in lieu of this requirement.

(b) If lower part of belt is seven feet or less above platform or floor level and upper part of belt more than seven feet above platform or floor level, the lower part of belt and pulley shall be guarded on bottom, sides, and ends, to a height of seven feet above floor or platform level. Guarding shall be in accordance with rule 4121:1-5-99 of the Administrative Code.

(c) Horizontal overhead belts more than seven feet above floor or platform shall be guarded for their entire length under the following conditions:

(i) If located over passageways or work places and traveling eighteen hundred feet or more per minute;

(ii) If center to center distance between pulleys is ten feet or more;

(iii) If belt is eight inches or more in width.

(d) Where passageway is provided between upper and lower parts of belts, the passageway shall be guarded on sides, top and bottom.

(2) Vertical and inclined belts (not including conveyors or conveyor belts).

Vertical and inclined belts and their pulleys seven feet or less above floor or platform level shall be guarded in accordance with rule 4121:1-5-99 of the Administrative Code.

(3) Vee belts.

Vee belts and their pulleys, where exposed to contact, shall be guarded.

(4) Rope drives.

Rope drives and their pulleys, where exposed to contact, shall be guarded.

(D) Gears, sprockets, link belts, and friction drives.

(1) Set or train of gears.

(a) A set or train of gears is two or more power-driven gears that move and intermesh. This does not apply to adjusting gears which do not normally revolve and are not power operated, or to adjusting gears which requires access to the gears for manual manipulation.

(b) Guarding.

All or any part of a set or train of gears, seven feet or less above floor or platform level shall be completely guarded or have a band guard around the face of the gear with the side flanges extending inward beyond the root of the teeth. Where there are openings of more than two and one-half inches between arm or through web, the entire gear shall be guarded. Guarding shall be in accordance with rule 4121:1-5-99 of the Administrative Code and shall be securely fastened in place.

(2) Frictional disc, link belt, and sprocket drives.

Frictional disc, link belt, and sprocket drives shall be guarded.

(E) Shafts, collars couplings, and flywheels.

(1) Guarding of horizontal shafting.

(a) All exposed parts of horizontal shafting seven feet or less from floor or working platform, excepting runways used exclusively for oiling or running adjustments, shall be protected by a stationary casing enclosing shafting completely or by a trough enclosing sides and top or sides and bottom of shafting as location requires.

(b) Shafting under bench machines shall be enclosed by a stationary casing, or by a trough at sides and top or sides and bottom as location requires. The sides of the trough shall come within at least six inches of the underside of table, or if shafting is located near the floor, within six inches of the floor. In every case the sides of the trough shall extend at least two inches beyond the shafting or protuberance.

(2) Guarding vertical and inclined shafting.

Vertical and inclined shafting seven feet or less from floor or work platform, excepting maintenance runways, shall be guarded in accordance with rule 4121:1-5-99 of the Administrative Code.

(3) Projecting shaft ends.

(a) Projecting shaft ends shall present a smooth edge and end and shall not project more than one-half the diameter of the shaft unless guarded by nonrotating caps or safety sleeves.

(b) Unused keyways shall be filled up or covered.

(4) Set screws, keys, and other projections.

Set screws, keys, and other projections, protruding beyond the surface of revolving parts shall be guarded.

(5) Collars and couplings.

(a) Collars.

All revolving collars, including split collars, shall be cylindrical, and screws or bolts used in collars shall not project beyond the largest periphery of the collar.

(b) Couplings.

Shaft couplings shall be so constructed as to present no hazard from bolts, nuts, setscrews will, however, be permitted where they are covered with safety sleeves or where they are used parallel with the shafting and are countersunk or else do not extend beyond the flange of the coupling.

(6) Universal joints.

Universal joints shall be guarded.

(7) Revolving face plates and chucks.

Revolving face plates and chucks shall be cylindrical with no projecting parts on the rim unless such projecting parts are guarded. This does not apply to those face plates and chucks revolving less than five revolutions per minute.

(8) Flywheels.

Flywheels located so that any part is seven feet or less above floor or platform shall be guarded in accordance with the requirements of paragraphs (E)(8)(a) to (E)(8)(d)(i)(C) of this rule:

(a) With an enclosure of sheet, perforated, or expanded metal, or woven wire;

(b) With standard guard railings placed not less than fifteen inches nor more than twenty inches from rim. When flywheel extend into a pit or is within twelve inches of the floor, a standard toeboard shall also be provided.

(c) When the upper rim of flywheel protrude through a working floor, it shall be entirely enclosed or surrounded by a standard guard railing and toeboard.

(d) Alternate methods.

(i) For flywheels with smooth rims five feet or less in diameter, where the preceding methods cannot be applied, the following may be used:

(a) A disc attached to the flywheel in such manner as to cover the spokes of the wheel on the exposed side and present a smooth surface and edge, at the same time providing means for periodic inspection;

(b) An open space, not exceeding four inches in width, may be left between the outside edge of the disc and the rim of the wheel if desired, to facilitate turning the wheel over;

(c) Where a disc is used, the keys or other dangerous projections not covered by disc shall be cut off or covered.

(ii) Paragraph (E)(8) of this rule does not apply to flywheels with solid web centers.

HISTORY: Eff 4-1-64; 8-1-77; 4-1-99

Rule promulgated under: RC Chapter 119.

Rule authorized by: RC 4121.12, 4121.121, 4121.13

Rule amplifies: RC 4121.47

119.032 review date: 3/1/03; 3/1/98

(A) Reserved.

(B) Reserved.

(C) Power-driven conveyors – chain, bucket, belt, hook and screw.

(1) Horizontal, overhead, vertical and inclined conveyors.

(a) Overhead protection.

Where overhead conveyors carry material with a clearance of seven feet or more above the floor level, and cross designed walkways or roads, or pass over areas where employees are normally at work, a substantial barrier shall be installed to catch falling material.

(b) Screw conveyors.

In addition to the requirements of paragraph (C)(1)(a) of this rule, the auger of screw conveyors shall be operated with covers secured in place. Covers shall be solid or of wire mesh, in accordance with rule 4121:1-5-99 of the Administrative Code, and covers designed for regular removal shall be interlocked so that removal will disconnect power source.

(2) Conveyors exposed to contact.

All conveyors, where exposed to contact, shall be equipped with means to disengage them from their power supply at such points of contact.

(3) Safe means of passage.

Where employees are required to cross conveyors, a fixed platform equipped with standard guard railing and toeboards shall be provided.

(4) Pinch (nip) points.

Pinch points created by travel of conveyor belts over or around end, drive and snubber, or take-up pulleys of chain conveyors running over sprocket wheels shall be guarded or a means shall be provided at the pinch point to disengage the belt or chain from the source of power.

(D) Machinery control.

(1) Disengaging from power supply.

Means shall be provided at each machine, within easy reach of the operator, for disengaging it from its power supply. This shall not apply to rolling departments of iron and steel mills nor to electrical power generation or conversion equipment.

(2) When machines are shut down.

The employer shall furnish and the employees shall use a device to lock the controls in the “off” position or the employer shall furnish and the employees shall use warning tags when machines are shut down for repair, adjusting, or cleaning.

(3) Mechanical belt shifters.

Tight and loose pulleys shall be equipped with mechanical belt shifters.

(a) Cone pulley drive belts.

Cone pulley drive belts shall be equipped with a mechanical belt shifter permanently attached.

(b) Where any part of the lower cone pulley is seven feet or less above the floor, the belt and pulley shall be guarded.

(4) Treadles or extensions.

Treadles or extensions for starting machinery shall be so located or guarded as to minimize accidental tripping.

(E) Anchoring and mounting of machinery.

(1) Stationary machinery.

All stationary machinery shall be positioned or installed on floors or foundations so to prevent walking, moving, or tipping.

(2) Portable machinery.

Portable machinery mounted upon trucks or bases shall be securely fastened thereto, and such truck or base shall be so locked or blocked as to prevent movement or shift while such machine is in operation.

(F) Counterweights.

Counterweights exposed to contact shall be guarded, or secured with safety chain or wire rope so the counterweight shall not descend to a level less than eight feet above the floor or working level, where employees are required to perform their assigned duties or where employees are required to pass through in the performance of their assigned duties.

(G) Grounding of electric-powered equipment.

(1) Application.

This paragraph applies only to grounding of non-current carrying parts.

(2) Permanent equipment.

All permanently installed equipment and machinery connected to electric circuits in excess of eighty volts shall be permanently grounded.

(3) Portable electric tools.

Portable electric tools and equipment shall be provided with a means of grounding or shall be protected by a system of double insulation. Where such approved system is employed, the equipment shall be distinctively marked.

(H) Feed rolls.

Power-driven feed rolls, when exposed to contact, shall be guarded so as to prevent the hands of the operator from coming into contact with in-running rolls at any point.

(I) Fan blades.

(1) Guarding.

When the periphery of the blades of a fan used for direct ventilation or cooling of employees, such as desk fans, pedestal fans, and wall fans, is less than seven feet above the floor or working level, the blades shall be guarded. The guard shall be firmly attached to its mount so that it is either permanently affixed, or tools are required for removal, or, in the case of spring-type fasteners or wingnuts, sufficient force is required for removal so that the guard device is not inadvertently removed.

(2) Guard openings.

Any opening in a guard shall have at least one of its dimensions no greater than one inch and the distance from the guard to the blade shall be equal to or greater than the values listed in the following table to this rule.

Table 4121:1-5-05(I)(2)

SIZE OF OPENING IN GUARD

Smallest dimension in Minimum distance from

guard (inches) guard to blade

Greater than 3/4 up to 1,

inclusive 6 times the smallest

dimension.

Greater than 1/2 up to 3/4,

inclusive 4 inches.

Greater than 3/8 up to 1/2,

inclusive 21/2 inches.

Greater than 1/4 up to 3/8,

inclusive 1 1/2 inches.

Greater than 0 up to 1/4,

inclusive 1/2 inch.

(3) Other fans.

Other fans, such as those used in process cooling, whose blade is less than seven feet above the floor or working level, shall meet the requirements of rule 4121:1-5-99 of the Administrative Code. The distance from the guard to the blade must be sufficient to prevent any part of any employee’s body from inadvertently contacting the blade.

(J) Steam pipes (pressure pipes).

All steam pipes shall be covered where exposed to contact. Pipe supports or other effective means shall be provided to prevent failure from vibration, expansion, or contraction.

HISTORY: Eff 4-1-64; 8-1-77; 1-1-86; 4-1-99

Rule promulgated under: RC Chapter 119.

Rule authorized by: RC 4121.12, 4121.121, 4121.13

Rule amplifies: RC 4121.47

119.032 review date: 3/1/03; 3/1/98

(A) Reserved.

(B) Reserved.

(C) Design requirements.

(1) High-velocity tools.

Tools of the high-velocity type shall have the following characteristics:

(a) The muzzle end of the tool shall have a protective shield or guard at least three and one-half inches in diameter, mounted perpendicular to and concentric with the barrel, and designed to confine any flying fragments or particles that might otherwise create a hazard at the time of firing.

(b) Where a standard shield or guard cannot be used, or where it does not cover all apparent avenues through which flying particles might escape, a special shield, guard, fixture, or jig, designed and built by the manufacturer of the tool being used, which provides this degree of protection, shall be used as a substitute.

(c) The tool shall be so designed that it cannot be fired unless it is equipped with a standard protective guard or shield, or a special shield, guard, fixture or jig.

(d) Firing the tool.

(i) The firing mechanism shall be so designed that the tool cannot fire during loading or preparation to fire, or if the tool should be dropped while loaded.

(ii) The firing of the tool shall be dependent upon at least two separate and distinct operations of the operator, with the final firing movement being separate from the operation of bringing the tool into the firing position.

(e) The tool shall be so designed as not to be operable other than against a work surface, and unless the operator is holding the tool against the work surface with a force at least five pounds greater than the total weight of the tool.

(f) The tool shall be so designed that it will not operate when equipped with the standard guard indexed to the center position if any bearing surface of the guard is tilted more than eight degrees from contact with the work surface.

(g) The tool shall be so designed that positive means of varying the power are available or can be made available to the operator as part of the tool, or as an auxiliary, in order to make it possible for the operator to select a power level adequate to perform the desired work without excessive force.

(h) The tool shall be so designed that all breeching parts will be reasonably visible to allow a check for any foreign matter that may be present.

(2) Low-velocity – piston-type tools.

Tools of the low-velocity piston type shall have the following characteristics:

(a) The muzzle end of the tool shall be designed so that suitable protective shields, guards, jigs, or fixtures, designed and built by the manufacturer of the tool being used, can be mounted perpendicular to the barrel. A standard spall shield, when supplied, shall be utilized with each tool.

(b) Firing the tool.

(i) The tool shall be designed so that it shall not in ordinary usage propel or discharge a stud, pin, or fastener, while loading or during preparation to fire, or if the tool should be dropped while loaded.

(ii) Firing of the tool shall be dependent upon at least two separate and distinct operations of the operator, with the final firing movement being separate from the operation of bringing the tool into the firing position.

(c) The tool shall be so designed as not to be operable other than against a work surface, and unless the operator is holding the tool against the work surface with a force at least five pounds greater than the total weight of the tool.

(d) The tool shall be so designed that positive means of varying the power are available or can be made available to the operator as part of the tool, or as an auxiliary, in order to make it possible for the operator to select a power level adequate to perform the desired work without excessive force.

(e) The tool shall be so designed that all breeching parts will be reasonably visible to allow a check for any foreign matter that may be present.

(D) Minimum instructions for qualifying operators.

Instructions to operators in order to teach them the use of portable explosive-actuated fastening tools shall include, but shall not be limited to, the following items:

(1) Before using a tool, the operator shall inspect it to determine to his satisfaction that it is clean, that all moving parts operate freely, and that the barrel is free from obstruction.

(2) When a tool develops a defect during use, the operator shall immediately cease to use it, until it is properly repaired.

(3) Tools shall not be loaded until just prior to the intended firing time. Neither loaded nor empty tools are to be pointed at any employee, and hands should be kept clear of the open barrel end.

(4) No tools shall be loaded unless being prepared for immediate use, nor shall an unattended tool be left loaded.

(5) In case of a misfire, the operator shall hold the tool in the operating position for at least thirty seconds. He shall then try to operate the tool a second time. He shall wait another thirty seconds, holding the tool in the operating position; then he shall proceed to remove the explosive load in strict accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions. Misfired cartridges should be placed carefully in a metal container filled with water, and returned to the supervisor for disposal.

(6) The tool shall never be left unattended in a place where it would be available to unauthorized persons.

(7) Fasteners shall not be driven into very hard or brittle materials, including, but not limited to, cast iron, glazed tile, surface-hardened steel, glass block, living rock, face brick, or hollow tile.

(8) Driving into materials easily penetrated shall be avoided unless such materials are backed by a substance that will prevent the pin or fastener from passing completely through and creating a flying missile hazard on the other side.

(9) Driving distance from edge

(a) Fasteners shall not be driven directly into materials such as brick or concrete closer than three inches from the unsupported edge or corner, or into steel surfaces closer than one-half inch from the unsupported edge or corner, unless a special guard, fixture, or jig, is used.

(b) Exception: Low-velocity tools may drive no closer than two inches from an edge in concrete or one-fourth inch in steel.

(c) When fastening other materials, such as a two- by four-inch wood section, to a concrete surface, it is permissible to drive a fastener of no greater than seven-thirty-seconds-inch shank diameter not closer than two inches from the unsupported edge or corner of the work surface.

(10) Fasteners shall not be driven through existing holes unless a positive guide is used to secure accurate alignment.

(11) No fastener shall be driven into a spalled area caused by an unsatisfactory fastening.

(12) Tools shall not be used in an explosive or flammable atmosphere.

(13) All tools shall be used with the correct shield, guard, or attachment recommended by the manufacturer.

(14) Any tool found not in proper working order shall be immediately removed from service. The tool shall be inspected at regular intervals and shall be repaired in accordance with the manufacturer’s specifications.

(E) Strength of charge – identification.

All explosive charges (cartridges and shells) to be used in portable explosive-actuated tools shall be marked by color, in accordance with table 4121:1-5-06(E) to this rule, “Identification of Cased Loads,” to designate the strength of the charge. Table 4121:1-5-06(E) IDENTIFICATION OF CASED LOADS

_____________________________________________________________________ Color Identification Power ____________________________________ Nominal Velocity Level Case Color Load Color (=45 f.p.s.) _____________________________________________________________________ 1.. Brass…. Gray…. 300 2.. Brass…. Brown…. 390 3.. Brass…. Green…. 480 4.. Brass…. Yellow… 570 5.. Brass…. Red….. 660 6.. Brass…. Purple… 750 7.. Nickel…. Gray…. 840 8.. Nickel…. Brown…. 930 9.. Nickel…. Green…. 1020 10.. Nickel…. Yellow… 1110 11.. Nickel…. Red….. 1200 12.. Nickel…. Purple… 1290 _____________________________________________________________________

Note: The nominal velocity applies to 3/8-inch diameter 350-grain ballistic slug fired in a test device and has no reference to actual fastener velocity developed in any specific size or type of tool.

HISTORY: Eff 4-1-64; 8-1-77; 1-1-86

Rule promulgated under: RC Chapter 119.

Rule authorized by: RC 4121.13

Rule created by: Const. Art. II Sec. 35

119.032 Review Date: 3-1-03

(A) Reserved.

(B) Reserved.

(C) General requirement.

All hand tools and hand-held portable powered tools and other hand-held equipment whether furnished by the employee or the employer shall be maintained in a safe condition, free of worn or defective parts.

(D) Power saws.

(1) General.

All portable power-driven saws with blades more than two inches in diameter shall be equipped with guards above and below the base plate shoe. The upper guard shall cover the saw to the depth of the teeth, except for the minimum arc required to permit the base to be tilted for bevel cuts. The lower guard shall cover the saw to the depth of the teeth, except for the minimum arc required to allow proper retraction and contact with the work. When the tool is withdrawn from the work, the lower guard shall automatically and instantly return to covering position. The requirements of this paragraph do not apply to circular saws used in the meat industry for meat-cutting purposes.

(2) Portable chain saws.

(a) Portable chain saws shall have all guards and handles, provided by the manufacturer, in place, all controls functioning properly and mufflers operative.

(b) Electrically powered chain saws shall be provided with proper grounding devices.

(E) Power grinders.

Safety guards used on right angle head or vertical portable grinders shall have a maximum exposure angle of one hundred eighty degrees, and be located so as to be between the operator and wheel during use. The top half of the wheel shall be enclosed at all times.

(F) Pneumatically powered tools.

All pneumatically powered portable tools shall be equipped with an automatic shutoff valve (“dead-man” control) so arranged as to close the air inlet valve when the pressure of the operator’s hand is removed. Each tool shall be equipped with a retainer where accidental ejection is possible.

(G) Grounding.

All electrically powered portable tools with exposed noncurrent-carrying metal parts shall be grounded. Portable tools protected by an approved system of double insulation, or its equivalent, need not be grounded. Where such an approved system is employed the equipment shall be distinctively marked.

(H) Power cut-off and pressure control devices.

(1) Woodworking tools.

Hand-held, power-driven woodworking tools shall be provided with a dead-man control, such as a spring actuated switch, valve, or equivalent device, so that the power will be automatically shut off whenever the operator release the control.

(2) Hand-held powered tools-switches and controls.

(a) All hand-held powered circular saws having a blade diameter greater than two inches, electric, hydraulic or pneumatic chain saws, and percussion tools without positive accessory holding means shall be equipped with a constant pressure switch or control that will shut off the power when the pressure is released. All hand-held gasoline powered chain saws shall be equipped with a constant pressure throttle control that will shut off the power to the saw chain when the pressure is released.

(b) All hand-held powered drills, tappers, fastener drivers, horizontal, vertical and angle grinders with wheels greater than two inches in diameter, disc sanders with discs greater than two inches in diameter, belt sanders, reciprocating saws, saber, scroll, and jig saws with blade shanks greater than a nominal one-fourth inch, and other similarly operating powered tools shall be equipped with a constant pressure switch or control, and may have a lock-on control provided that turnoff can be accomplished by a single motion of the same finger or fingers that turn it on.

(c) All other hand-held powered tools, such as, but not limited to, platen sanders, grinders with wheels two inches in diameter or less, disc sanders with discs two inches in diameter or less, routers, planers, laminate trimmers, nibblers, shears saber, scroll, and jig saws with blade shanks a nominal one-fourth of an inch wide or less, may be equipped with either a positive “on-off” control, or other controls as described by paragraphs (H) (2)(a) and (H)(2)(b) of this rule.

(3) Use of compressed air.

The employer shall instruct the employer that compressed air shall not be used

(I) Jacks.

All jacks shall have the rated load legibly and permanently marked in a prominent location, except jacks supplied as standard equipment in passenger cars.

(J) Block and tackle equipment.

(1) All blocks shall fit the size of rope they carry, and shall be so constructed as not to chafe the rope running through them.

(2) Where ropes are subjected to chafing by dragging across an intervening object, such object shall be padded.

(K) Hand tools, miscellaneous.

Employers shall not issue or permit the use of unsafe hand tools, such as:

(1) Wrenches when jaws are sprung to the point that slippage occurs;

(2) Impact tools, such as drift pins, wedges, and chisels, with mushroomed heads;

(3) Tools with splintered or cracked wooden handles or wooden handles that cannot be kept tight in the tool.

(L) Portable pneumatically powered fastener tools.

(1) Except for portable pneumatically powered fastener tools authorized in paragraph (L)(2) of this rule, two separate and independent releases are required before any such tool activates. They are:

(a) A device on the muzzle that prevents activation except during the time the tool is held firmly against the work surface.

(b) A trigger or similar device that prevents activation except during the time it is held in depressed or active position by the operator.

(2) Fastener tools that do not meet the requirements of paragraph (L)(1) of this rule may be used if they comply with all of the following requirements.

(a) The tool may only be actuated by compressed air with a driving piston having an area no greater than one square inch, with an operating air pressure of no more than one hundred pounds per square inch gauge and with a driving velocity no greater than seventy-five feet per second as measured at the muzzle.

(b) The tool may only accommodate fasteners of the wire staple or pin types with a cross sectional area no greater than.00177 square inches.

(c) The tool may drive only one fastener each time the trigger or operating lever is depressed.

(3) The operator of the tool shall be furnished the personal protective equipment required in paragraph (D) of rule 4121:1-5-17 of the Administrative Code. Such protection shall also be furnished for any other employees required to work in the immediate area and who are exposed to the hazards of the operation.

(4) When not in use the tool shall be disconnected from the compressed air hose.

(5) Air hose.

Hose and hose connections used for conducting compressed air to the tool shall be designed for the pressure and service to which it is subjected.

(6) Pressure regulator.

The tool shall be equipped with a pressure regulator or other device to prevent air pressure on it from exceeding its maximum design capacity.

(M) Portable safety containers.

Portable safety containers shall be provided for handling flammable liquids with a flash point (closed cup) below 138.2 degrees Fahrenheit in quantities of one gallon or more. The containers shall be legibly marked “flammable”.

HISTORY: Eff 4-1-64; 8-1-77; 1-1-81; 4-1-99

Rule promulgated under: RC Chapter 119.

Rule authorized by: RC 4121.12, 4121.121, 4121.13

Rule amplifies: RC 4121.47

119.032 review date: 3/1/03; 3/1/98

(A) Reserved.

(B) Reserved.

(C) Bandsaws, band resaws, and band knives.

All portions of the saw blade or band blade shall be enclosed or guarded, except for the working portion of the blade between the bottom of the guide rolls and the table. Bandsaw wheels shall be fully enclosed. The outside of periphery of the enclosure shall be solid. The front and back of the band wheels shall be either enclosed by solid material, or by wire mesh, or perforated metal, the dimensions and material of which shall be in accordance with rule 4121:1-5-99 of the Administrative Code.

(D) Circular saws.

All circular saws shall have the exposed portion of the saw blade under the table guarded.

(1) Circular rip saw (manual feed).

(a) Guarding.

A hood-type guard shall be provided that will cover the exposed portion of the saw blade. When in use the hood type guard shall automatically adjust itself to the thickness of and remain in contact with the material being cut when the stock encounters the saw, or may be a fixed or manually adjusted guard, provided the space between the bottom of the guard and the material being cut does not exceed three-eighths inch at any time.

(b) Design.

The hood-type guard shall be so designed as to prevent a kickback, or a separate attachment that will prevent a kickback shall be provided. Anti-kickback devices shall be effective for all thicknesses of material that are cut.

(c) Spreader.

A spreader shall also be provided and securely fastened at the rear of the saw in alignment with the saw blade, except where a roller wheel is provided at the back of the saw. The spreader shall be slightly thinner than the saw kerf and slightly thicker than the saw disc to prevent material from squeezing the saw.

(d) Alternate method.

Where the method of guarding as specified above is impossible, a substantial jig, fixture, or template may be used which is designed to keep the hands of the operator out of the danger zone.

(2) Circular rip saw (power feed).

(a) Guarding.

A hood-type guard shall be provided but need not rest upon the table nor upon the material being cut, but shall extend to a line not more than three-eighths of an inch above the plane formed by the bottom of the top feed rolls.

(b) Spreader.

A spreader shall be provided and fastened securely at the rear of the saw in alignment with the saw blade, except where a roller wheel is provided at the back of the saw. The spreader shall be slightly thinner than the saw kerf and slightly thicker than the saw disc to prevent material from squeezing the saw.

(3) Circular cross-cut saw.

(a) Guarding.

A hood-type guard shall be provided that will cover the exposed portion of the saw blade. When in use the hood-type shall automatically adjust to the thickness of and remain in contact with the material being cut when the stock encounters the saw, or may be a fixed or manually adjusted hood or guard, provided the space between the bottom of the guard and the material being cut does not exceed three-eighths of an inch at any time. This requirement shall not apply to circular cross-cut saws with stationary tables where the saw moves forward when cutting.

(b) Automatic return.

A device shall be installed which shall return the saw automatically to the back of the table when released at any point of its travel. A device shall be installed which shall be designed to prevent a rebound of the saw blade.

(4) Circular resaws.

(a) Guarding.

A hood-type guard shall be provided that will cover the saw at all times, except where the material is being cut.

(b) Spreader.

A spreader shall be provided and securely fastened at the rear of the saw in alignment with the saw blade, except where a roller wheel is provided at the back of the saw. The spreader shall be slightly thinner than the saw kerf and slightly thicker than the saw disc and shall be placed not more than one-half inch from the ends of the saw teeth.

(5) Swing cutoff saws.

The requirements of this paragraph are also applicable to sliding cutoff saws mounted above the table.

(a) Each swing cutoff saw shall be provided with a hood that will completely enclose the upper half of the saw the arbor end, and the point of operation at all positions of the saw. The hood shall be constructed in such a manner and of such material that it will protect the operator from flying splinters and broken saw teeth. Its hood shall be so designed that it will automatically cover the lower portion of the blade, so that when the saw is returned to the back of the table the hood will rise on top of the fence, and when the saw is moved forward the hood will drop on top of and remain in contact with the table or material being cut.

(b) Each swing cutoff saw shall be provided with an effective device to return the saw automatically to the back of the table when released at any point of its travel. Such a device shall not depend for its proper functioning upon any rope, cord or spring. If there is a counterweight, the bolts supporting the bar and counterweight shall be provided with cotter pins; and the counter-weight shall be prevented from dropping by either a bolt passing through both the bar and counterweight, or a bolt put together through the extreme end of the bar, or, where the counterweight does not encircle the bar, a safety chain attached to it.

(c) Limit chains or other equally effective devices shall be provided to prevent the saw from swinging beyond the front or back edges of the table, or beyond a forward position where the gullets of the lowest saw teeth will rise above the table top.

(6) Inverted swing cutoff saws.

Inverted swing cutoff saws shall be provided with a hood that will cover the part of the saw that protrudes above the top of the table or above the material being cut. It shall automatically adjust itself to the thickness of and remain in contact with material being cut.

(7) Radial saws.

(a) Guarding.

The upper hood shall completely enclose the upper portion of the blade down to a point that will include the end of the saw arbor. The upper hood shall be constructed in such a manner and of such material that it will protect the operator from flying splinters, broken saw teeth, etc., and will deflect sawdust away from the operator. The sides of the lower exposed portion of the blade shall be guarded to the full diameter of the blade by a device that will automatically adjust itself to the thickness of the stock and remain in contact with stock being cut to give maximum protection possible for the operation being performed.

(b) Anti-kickback device.

Each radial saw used for ripping shall be provided with an anti-knocked device, which shall be designed to provide adequate holding power for all the thicknesses of material being cut.

(c) Saw rotation.

Ripping and ploughing shall be against the direction in which the saw turns. The direction of the saw rotation shall be conspicuously marked on the hood. In addition, a permanent label not less than one and one-half inches by three-fourths inch shall be affixed to the rear of the guard at approximately the level of the arbor, reading as follows: “Danger: do not rip or plough from this end.”

(d) Automatic return.

A device shall be installed which shall return the saw automatically to the back of the table when released at any point of its travel. A device shall be installed which shall be designed to prevent a rebound of the saw blade.

(e) Positive stop.

A positive stop shall be installed which shall prevent the saw from traveling beyond the front edge of the table.

(E) Cracked saw blades.

All cracked saw blades shall be removed from service.

HISTORY: Eff 4-1-64; 8-1-77; 4-1-99

Rule promulgated under: RC Chapter 119.

Rule authorized by: RC 4121.12, 4121.121, 4121.13

Rule amplifies: RC 4121.47

119.032 review date: 3/1/03; 3/1/98

(A) Reserved.

(B) Reserved.

(C) Jointers.

(1) Manual-feed jointers and planers – cutting head.

(a) Guarding – point of operation.

Manual-feed jointers and planers with horizontal head shall be equipped with a cylindrical cutting head, the knife projection of which shall not exceed one-eighth inch beyond the cylindrical body of the head.

(b) Table openings.

The opening in the table shall be as small as productive operation of the jointer permits. The clearance between the edge of the rear of the table and the cutter head shall be not less than one-eighth inch.

(c) Guards – automatic.

Manual-feed jointers and planers