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The Legislative Service Commission staff updates the Revised Code on an ongoing basis, as it completes its act review of enacted legislation. Updates may be slower during some times of the year, depending on the volume of enacted legislation.

Chapter 4957 | Elimination Of Crossings

 
 
 
Section
Section 4957.01 | Alteration or elimination of grade or other crossings.
 

If the legislative authority of a municipal corporation in which a railroad and a street or other public highway cross each other at a grade or otherwise, or the board of county commissioners of a county in which a railroad and a public road or highway cross each other at grade, and the board of directors of the railroad company are of the opinion that the security and convenience of the public require alterations in such crossing, the approaches to such crossing, the location of the railroad or public way, or the grades thereof, so as to avoid a crossing at grade, or that such crossing should be discontinued with or without building a new way in substitution for it, and if they agree as to the alterations they may be made as provided in sections 4957.02 to 4957.09, inclusive, of the Revised Code. The board of county commissioners of a county has the same powers with respect to that part of a state, county, or township road which lies within the limits of a municipal corporation as are conferred upon municipal corporations to alter, or require to be altered, any railroad crossings, or to require any improvement in connection with them to be made, and to apportion the cost thereof between the county and such railroad as is provided in sections 4957.10 to 4957.26, inclusive, of the Revised Code.

Section 4957.02 | Resolution to alter or abolish.
 

When it is deemed necessary by a municipal corporation or a county to join with any railroad company in the alteration or abolition of a grade or other crossing, the legislative authority of the municipal corporation, by a two-thirds vote of all the members elected to it, or the board of county commissioners of the county, by a unanimous vote, by resolution, shall declare such necessity and intent, and state in it the manner in which the alterations in the crossing are to be made, giving the method of constructing the new crossing with the grades for the railroad and public way, what land or other property it is necessary to appropriate and how the cost is to be apportioned between the municipal corporation or county and the railroad company, and by whom the work of construction is to be done and how its cost is to be apportioned between the municipal corporation or county and the railroad company.

Such resolution shall be published and notice of its passage given to owners of property abutting on the proposed improvement, in the manner provided as to resolutions of a city legislative authority declaring the necessity of a contemplated public improvement. Claims for damages caused must be filed in the manner and within the time prescribed in such cases.

Section 4957.03 | Ordinance or resolution to proceed with improvement.
 

In not less than thirty nor more than ninety days after the passage of the resolution referred to in section 4957.02 of the Revised Code, the legislative authority of a municipal corporation or the board of county commissioners shall determine whether it will proceed with the proposed improvement. If it is decided to proceed with the improvement, an ordinance by the legislative authority or resolution by the board shall be passed, which ordinance or resolution must contain, in addition to the conditions stated in such resolution, the plans and specifications of the proposed alteration and improvement, a statement of the damages claimed or likely to accrue by reason of it, how the payment of such damages is to be apportioned between the municipal corporation or county and the railroad company, and who shall supervise the work of construction. Upon the acceptance of this resolution or ordinance by resolution by the company through its board of directors, it shall constitute an agreement, valid and binding on the municipal corporation or county and the company respectively. Such agreement shall be filed in the court of common pleas of the county in which the crossing is located for entry upon its records, whereupon it shall have the same effect as a decree of the court.

Section 4957.04 | Acquiring necessary property - sale to railroad company.
 

The land or property required to make the alteration in the street or highway necessitated by a proposed crossing improvement, shall be purchased or appropriated by the municipal corporation or county in the manner provided for in sections 163.01 to 163.22, inclusive, of the Revised Code. The land or property required to make the alteration in the railroad necessitated by the proposed improvement shall be purchased or appropriated by the railroad company in the manner provided for in sections 163.01 to 163.22, inclusive, of the Revised Code. The municipal corporation or county may also acquire the land or property, or a part thereof, required to make the alteration in the railroad and subsequently sell the same or a part thereof at private sale to the railroad for such purposes, and execute and deliver a deed for it.

Section 4957.05 | Apportionment of cost.
 

The cost of the construction of the improvement in a crossing, including the cost of land or property purchased or appropriated, and the payment of damages to abutting property shall be apportioned as follows:

(A) The railroad company, or companies if several railroads cross a public way at or near the same point, shall pay, unless otherwise agreed upon, fifteen per cent;

(B) The municipal corporation or county shall pay eighty-five per cent.

Section 4957.06 | Cost of maintenance of bridge borne by county or state.
 

After the completion of the crossing alteration, the crossings and approaches shall be kept in repair as follows:

(A) When the public way crosses a railroad, or railroad and interurban railroad, by an overhead bridge, the cost of maintenance must be borne by the county or the state as may be provided by law.

(B) When the public way passes under a railroad, or railroad and interurban railroad, the bridge and its abutments shall be kept and maintained by the railroad company, or the railroad company and interurban railroad company, as the case may be, in such proportions as are fixed by agreement between the parties or, in the absence of such agreement, in such proportions as may be fixed by the court of common pleas of the county in which the improvement is located, and the public way and its approaches shall be maintained and kept in repair by the county in which they are situated or by the state as may be provided by law.

Section 4957.07 | Assessment and determination of damages.
 

All claims for damages by reason of a crossing improvement, filed as provided in section 4957.02 of the Revised Code, shall be assessed and determined as in other cases of public improvements within cities, wherein like claims are made, either before the beginning or after the completion of the proposed crossing improvement, as the legislative authority of the municipal corporation or board of county commissioners decides, when it is determined to proceed with such improvement.

Section 4957.08 | Company failing to comply with agreement.
 

If a railroad company fails to comply with any provision of an agreement entered of record in a court of common pleas as provided in section 4957.03 of the Revised Code, on application of a city director of law or prosecuting attorney, stating the nature of its failure, the court shall make orders and decrees to enforce the terms of the agreement and the requirements of law relating to it, and to secure compliance with it by the railroad company, as it deems just and proper. If necessary, the court may enjoin the company from the use of its tracks and the operation of its railroad on and over the crossing in question until it complies with the order or decree as is made.

Section 4957.09 | Grade crossing on county line road.
 

When a grade crossing is on a county line road, the boards of county commissioners of the counties in which such crossing is situated may join in all the proceedings necessary for the abolition of such grade crossing. That part of the cost of making such change in the crossing and of keeping it in repair which is not agreed to be paid by the railroad company shall be paid by the counties in equal proportions. The money for such purpose shall be raised as in cases of county road crossings.

Section 4957.10 | Powers as to grades above or below railroad tracks.
 

Any municipal corporation may raise or lower, or cause to be raised or lowered, the grade of any street or way owned by it, either within or without its municipal limits, above or below railroad tracks, and may require any railroad company operating a railroad across such streets or ways to raise or lower the grade of its tracks and may construct ways or crossings above the tracks of any railroad, or require the railroad company to construct ways or crossings that are to be passed under its tracks. "Railroad" includes interurban railroads and "railroad company" includes interurban railroad companies engaged in the operation of cars by electricity or other motive power. Any municipal corporation may require such railroad company to erect permanent piers, abutments, or any other appropriate supports in the ways, crossings, streets, roads, or alleys, whenever in the opinion of the legislative authority of the municipal corporation, the raising or lowering of the grade of any such railroad tracks, or the raising or lowering of the construction of such ways, crossings, or other supports may be necessary, upon the conditions set forth in sections 4957.10 to 4957.26, inclusive, of the Revised Code.

Section 4957.11 | Changes in location of public ways.
 

When the legislative authority of a municipal corporation deems it necessary in the abolishment of grade crossings to change the location of any street, alley, road, or way such legislative authority may relocate such street, alley, road, or way, or any part thereof, may vacate the whole or any portion of such street, alley, road, or way abandoned by such relocation, and cause the improvements contemplated to be placed in such relocated street, alley, road, or way.

Section 4957.12 | Preparation of plans and specifications.
 

The legislative authority of a municipal corporation, for the purpose of making or causing a crossing improvement to be made, by ordinance may require the railroad company, in co-operation with the engineer of the municipal corporation, or the engineer designated in such ordinance, to prepare and submit to such legislative authority, within three months unless longer time is mutually agreed upon in writing, plans and specifications for such improvement, specifying the number, character, and location of all piers and supports which are to be permanently placed in any street or way in such municipal corporation, specifying the grades to be established for the streets and the height, character, and estimated cost of any viaduct or way above or below any railroad track, and the change of grade required to be made of such tracks, including the sidetracks and switches. In changing the grade of any railroad, no grade shall be required to exceed the established maximum or ruling grade governing the operations of engines of that division or part of the railroad on which the improvement is to be made, without the consent of the company, nor shall the company's tracks or such highway, street, or way, be required to be placed below high-water mark.

Section 4957.13 | Court to determine manner of improvement.
 

If at the expiration of three months from the passage of the ordinance referred to in section 4957.12 of the Revised Code, the railroad company has refused or failed to co-operate in the preparation of plans and specifications, or if the engineer of the municipal corporation, or engineer designated in such ordinance by the legislative authority of the municipal corporation, and the company fail to agree upon the plans and specifications for such improvement, then either the company or municipal corporation may submit the matter of determining the method by which the improvement shall be made to the court of common pleas having jurisdiction in the county in which the municipal corporation is situated.

Section 4957.14 | Petition to court.
 

Either the municipal corporation or the railroad company, after the expiration of three months from the passage of the ordinance referred to by section 4957.12 of the Revised Code, may apply to the court of common pleas by petition accompanied by the necessary plans prepared by the municipal corporation or company, asking that any grade crossing be abolished. Such plans must show the grades to be established for such streets, the changes to be made in the location of streets, alleys, roads, or ways, the height, character, and estimated cost of any viaduct or way above or below railroad tracks, the number, character, and location of piers, abutments, and supports to be permanently located in the streets, alleys, roads, or ways in the municipal corporation, and the change of grade to be made in any railroad tracks, including sidetracks and switches.

Section 4957.15 | Procedure.
 

Upon the filing of a petition under section 4957.14 of the Revised Code, accompanied by plans, the railroad company or municipal corporation opposed to the prayer of such petition, or directly interested in it, shall have the right, within sixty days thereafter, to file an answer to such petition and to present other plans for the abolition of such crossing. After the expiration of such period of sixty days, the court shall proceed to a hearing upon the petition and any answers that have been filed, which hearing must be advanced upon the docket upon motion of either party. After examination of all plans presented to it and after hearing the evidence, the court shall make a finding as to whether the security and convenience of the public require that alterations be made in the crossing or the approaches to it, or in the location of the railroad or public way, or any grades thereof, so as to avoid a crossing at common grade, or that such crossings, or any of them, be discontinued with or without building a new way in substitution therefor, and whether such plans or any of them are reasonable and practicable.

Section 4957.16 | Order of the court.
 

If the court finds that the public security and convenience require the changes to be made, and that the plans presented by the petitioner or any of the parties answering thereto are reasonable and practicable, as provided in section 4957.15 of the Revised Code, it shall order the changes to be made in accordance with the most reasonable and practicable plan presented to the court. The municipal corporation shall be required to make such changes in the streets, roads, or highways as are necessary, and the railroad company to make the changes necessary in the tracks and roadbed, in order to comply with the rulings of the court. If more than one company owns tracks on the crossing in question, the court shall apportion the part of the expenses payable by the companies among such companies. If the court finds that the security and convenience of the public do not require that alterations be made in such crossing, or that none of the plans are reasonable or practicable, the improvement shall not be made upon such plans.

Either party feeling aggrieved by the decision and order of the court may appeal as in other civil cases, the hearing of which shall be advanced upon the docket upon motion of either party.

Section 4957.17 | Writ of mandamus.
 

If a municipal corporation or railroad company refuses or neglects to comply with the orders or findings made by the court as provided in section 4957.16 of the Revised Code, the court may enforce its orders or findings by either mandamus or mandatory injunction, or as for contempt of court, as the necessity of the case requires, upon the application of either party to such proceedings.

Section 4957.18 | Apportionment of cost between municipal corporation and railroad.
 

The cost of constructing a crossing improvement authorized, including the making of ways, crossings, or viaducts, above or below the railroad tracks, and the raising or lowering of the grades of the railroad tracks and sidetracks for such distance as is required by such municipal corporation and made necessary by such improvement, together with the cost of land or property purchased or appropriated, and damages to owners of abutting or other property, shall be borne, unless otherwise agreed upon, eighty-five per cent by the municipal corporation and fifteen per cent by such railroad company. The municipal corporation shall have a right of action against any such company for the recovery of fifteen per cent or other agreed proportion of such costs payable by it, with interest from the time they become due. Such municipal corporation and company may agree as to what part of the work shall be done by the company, and may fix the amount, or agree upon a method or basis for calculating and ascertaining the amount, to be allowed or credited to the company for doing the work. Such company shall be entitled to deduct from its fifteen per cent or other agreed proportion of the cost of the improvement, the expense incurred by it in the change of its grade required by the municipal corporation or made necessary by it under such specifications, but only if the amount of expense, or a method or basis for calculating it, has been agreed upon in writing between the municipal corporation and the company. If the amount of work done by the company, or made necessary be reason of such change of grade on lowering or raising its tracks, exceeds fifteen per cent or other agreed proportion of the cost of the improvement, then it shall have the right to recover the amount with interest in excess of fifteen per cent or other agreed proportion of the expenses, in an action at law against the municipal corporation.

Section 4957.19 | Payment of railroad company's proportion of cost.
 

The legislative authority of a municipal corporation may, by ordinance, prescribe the manner and time of payment by a railroad company of the proportion of the cost of a crossing improvement which the company is required to pay.

Section 4957.20 | Notice of intention to make improvement.
 

Before any work is done which is required in the making of a proposed crossing improvement, the legislative authority of a municipal corporation shall by ordinance or resolution require notice of its intention to make such improvement in accordance with the plans and specification to be given to the owner of each piece of property abutting upon any street, highway, or public place, the grade of which will be changed by the proposed improvement.

Section 4957.21 | Claims for damages and judicial inquiry.
 

The laws relating to the manner of service of the notices, the filing of claims for damages, and the effect of failure to file the claims, shall apply to the notice provided in section 4957.20 of the Revised Code and to all claims for damages by reason of the proposed improvement. After the expiration of the time for the filing of the claims, the legislative authority of the municipal corporation, when claims have been filed within the time limited, shall determine by ordinance or resolution whether the claims are to be judicially inquired into before commencing or after the completion of the proposed improvement. Thereupon, the mayor, or village solicitor, or city director of law of the municipal corporation shall make application for a jury in the manner provided by law to the court of common pleas or probate court of the county in which the municipal corporation, or the larger part of it, is situated, either before commencing or after the completion of the improvement, as the legislative authority determines. All proceedings upon the application shall be governed by the laws relating to the application provided for in other cases of city improvements.

Section 4957.22 | Height of viaduct.
 

Any way, crossing, or viaduct constructed over a railroad track in any municipal corporation shall be of such height as not to be of less than twenty-one feet in the clear from the top surface of the rails in the railroad track to the lowest point or projection of such overhead way, crossing, or viaduct, unless the railroad company consents to, or the court of common pleas orders, a less height. In no event shall such court order a less height than sixteen feet and three inches.

Section 4957.23 | Acquiring land for erection of piers and supports.
 

The land or property required to make alteration in the street, road, alley, or other way, or any right, title, or interest in a public street, alley, or other way, required for the erection of piers or supports in any municipal corporation, necessitated by a proposed improvement, shall be purchased or appropriated by the municipal corporation or railroad company in the manner provided for in sections 163.01 to 163.22, inclusive, of the Revised Code. The land or property required to make any alteration in a railroad or any right, title, or interest in a public street, road, alley, or way required to permit the erection of piers or supports in any municipal corporation, and structure necessitated by the proposed improvements, shall be purchased or appropriated by the company in the manner provided for in sections 163.01 to 163.22, inclusive, of the Revised Code. The municipal corporation may acquire land or property, or any part thereof, required for the purposes mentioned by this section and subsequently sell the same or a part thereof at private sale to the company, and execute and deliver deeds for it. The municipal corporation shall not appropriate land held or owned by a railroad company and necessary for the use of the company in maintaining and operating its railroad.

Section 4957.24 | Cost of maintenance.
 

After the completion of the work, crossings and approaches shall be kept in repair as follows:

(A) When the public way crosses a railroad by an overhead bridge, the cost of maintenance must be borne by the municipal corporation;

(B) When the public way passes under the railroad, the bridge and its abutments shall be kept and maintained by the railroad company, and the public way and its approaches shall be maintained and kept in repair by the municipal corporation in which they are situated.

Section 4957.25 | Street railway company to share expense.
 

In case the track of any street railway company within the limits of a municipal corporation where the improvements authorized by sections 4957.10 to 4957.24, inclusive, of the Revised Code are made, crosses at grade or otherwise a public street or the right of way of any railroad company at a point where it has been determined to construct such improvements, the municipal corporation by ordinance may require such street railway company to bear a reasonable proportion of the cost assumed by it in making the improvement, not exceeding one half of the portion payable by the municipal corporation, which shall have a right of action against such street railway company for that part of the cost which the ordinance requires it to bear. Such part of the cost is also a lien upon all the property, real and personal, of such company situated in the same county with the municipal corporation after the date of the passage of such ordinance.

The legislative authority of such municipal corporation may by ordinance provide the mode and time of payment for the proportion of the cost of such improvement to be borne by such street railway company.

Section 4957.26 | Repairs.
 

A street railway company shall keep in repair at its own expense all tracks affected by the improvement referred to by section 4957.25 of the Revised Code and all construction work of whatever character necessary to support such tracks.

Section 4957.27 | Crossings above or below grade.
 

Except as provided in sections 4957.30 to 4957.32, inclusive, of the Revised Code, all crossings constructed after May 3, 1904, whether of highways by railroads, or of railroads by highways, shall be above or below the grade thereof.

Section 4957.28 | Railroad crossings.
 

Every railroad company building a new line of road under its charter powers across a highway shall construct it above or below the grade of the highway, unless it is allowed to build it at grade as provided in sections 4957.30 to 4957.32, inclusive, of the Revised Code. Such company may exercise the power contained in its charter and the general laws for altering the grade and location of highways in order to avoid grade crossings.

Section 4957.29 | Highway crossings.
 

Every municipal corporation or other authority building a highway across an existing railroad shall construct it above or below the grade of such railroad, unless allowed to build at grade as provided by sections 4957.30 to 4957.32, inclusive, of the Revised Code. The cost of such work shall be paid, unless otherwise agreed upon, eighty-five per cent by such municipal corporation or other authority, and fifteen per cent by the company owning the railroad. "Railroad" includes interurban railroads, and "railroad company" includes interurban railroad companies engaged in the operation of cars by electricity or other motive power which said companies may adopt or use. The method or procedure for the construction of such highway and the manner of construction of it shall be governed by the laws regulating the abolition of grade crossings.

Section 4957.30 | Petition for grade crossings.
 

When it is desired by a railroad company constructing a new railroad or in changing or altering the location of one previously constructed, or by any municipal corporation or authority constructing a new highway, that the railroad or highway should be so constructed that they will cross each other at the same grade, or if it is desired to divert, change, or alter an existing public highway, a petition shall be presented by the party desiring such construction or diversion, to the court of common pleas of the county within which the crossing or diversion is situated. If it is the authority constructing a highway asking for the right to cross a railroad, the railroad company shall be the defendant. If it is a railroad company asking for the right to cross a highway, or divert, change, or alter any existing public highway in a municipal corporation, such municipal corporation shall be the defendant. If outside the municipal corporation, and a road or highway other than on the state highway system, the board of township trustees of the township and the board of county commissioners of the county shall be the defendants. If it is a road or highway on the state highway system, the director of transportation shall be the defendant. Summons shall be served and the rule days and the rights of the defendants to plead shall be the same as in civil actions in such court.

Section 4957.31 | Contents of petition.
 

The petition referred to in section 4957.30 of the Revised Code shall set forth the reasons that are supposed to make such change or alteration necessary or desirable. The court of common pleas thereupon shall have the jurisdiction of the parties and the subject matter of the petition, and may proceed to examine the matter, either by evidence, by reference to a master commissioner, or otherwise. If satisfied that such construction is reasonable required to accommodate the public, or to avoid excessive expense, in view of the small amount of traffic on the highway or railroad, and considering the future uses to which the highway may be adapted, or in view of the difficulties of other methods of construction, or for other good and sufficient reasons, the court shall make an order permitting such crossing at a grade or diversion to be established. In such order, the court may prescribe that gates, signals, watchmen, or other safeguards shall be maintained by the railroad company, in addition to the signals and safeguards prescribed by law, and all such orders shall be binding upon the parties and be observed by them.

All costs and expenses of the proceedings shall be ascertained and allowed by the court of common pleas and be paid by such party as it decides, or apportioned by the court between the parties, and may be collected by execution out of such court.

Section 4957.32 | Appeals.
 

Appeals may be taken from the decision of the court of common pleas to the court of appeals in proceedings under section 4957.31 of the Revised Code, as in civil actions. The decision of that court shall be final and conclusive. In both the court of common pleas and court of appeals, proceedings brought under this section and section 4957.31 of the Revised Code shall be advanced over other civil causes.

Section 4957.33 | Additional tracks and switches.
 

Sections 4957.27 to 4957.32, inclusive, of the Revised Code, do not prevent a railroad company from laying additional tracks at previously existing crossings, or from constructing switches, sidings, and branch lines from its railroad to a mill, factory, other manufacturing establishment or industrial plant, elevator, wharf, or pier, or gravel, marl, or clay bed, or any mine, or from laying additional track to increase its yard facilities at terminal or other points across public highways at the grade thereof. Such signposts and signals shall be employed for the protection of such crossings as are prescribed for railroad crossings of public highways.

Section 4957.34 | Plans and specifications to be filed with commission.
 

Every railroad company, public or private corporation, or person building, or permitting to be built, any bridge, viaduct, overhead roadway, footbridge, wire, and other structure mentioned in sections 4957.35 and 4957.36 of the Revised Code shall, before proceeding, file with the public utilities commission, plans and specifications for, and have its permit for, the erection of such structure or wire.

Section 4957.35 | Height of structures over railroads.
 

Except cases in which the public utilities commission finds that such construction is impracticable, bridges, viaducts, overhead roadways, footbridges, wire, or other structure built over the track of a railroad after April 16, 1900, by a county, municipal corporation, township, railroad company, or other corporation or person, shall be not less than twenty-one feet in the clear from the top of the rails of such track to such wire or other structure, or to the bottom of the lowest sill, girder, or crossbeam, and the lowest downward projection on the bridge, viaduct, overhead roadway, or footbridge.

Section 4957.36 | Exceptions.
 

The exception in section 4957.35 of the Revised Code does not apply to the structures named in such section when built over the main tracks of railroads. In cases in which it is allowed, the public utilities commission shall file in its office a written statement of the facts upon which it relied in finding the required construction impracticable. Such clearances over and adjacent to railroad tracks in terminals may be used as the commission approves. When a railroad, union depot, or terminal company, severally or jointly, determines to install an electrification system for the operation of cars, locomotives, or trains on their lines or parts thereof, such railroad, union depot, or terminal company, severally or jointly, may, with the approval of the commission, fix such clearances for the necessary wires, conductors, appurtenances, and their supports for such electrification system as are practicable for construction and operation and consistent with the clearances of structures over or adjacent to the lines or parts thereof to be electrified.

Section 4957.37 | Costs.
 

In case of the rebuilding of bridges or the other structures provided for in section 4957.35 of the Revised Code, if the structure is at or in line with a public street or highway and a cross street, the cost of making such streets or highways conform to a new grade, with all damages to owners of property abutting on them because of such change, the railroad company or its assigns shall pay all costs or damages resulting from the raising or building of its bridges or structures in the line of a street or highway at a greater height than was previously required. If such company is only part owner of such structure, it shall pay its proportionate share of the cost of such change in grade and damages. Should a railroad company or its assigns raise the grade of its track under any of such structures not owned by it, thereby causing a bridge or structure to be put at a higher grade when rebuilt, the company shall pay all costs and damages thereby made necessary.

Section 4957.38 | Injunction.
 

Sections 4957.34 to 4957.37, inclusive, of the Revised Code, may be enforced by an injunction on complaint of any interested person, corporation, or board.