Ohio Revised Code Search

...(A) A retail seller at the time of making any retail installment sale may charge and contract for the payment of a finance charge by the retail buyer and collect and receive the same, which shall not exceed the greater of the following: (1) A base finance charge at the rate of eight dollars per one hundred dollars per year on the principal balance of the retail installment contract. On retail installment contracts p...

...As an alternative to the finance charges permitted in division (A) of section 1317.06 of the Revised Code or the interest permitted in division (B) of that section, and to the finance charges permitted in division (B) of section 1317.11 of the Revised Code, a retail seller or holder may contract for and receive finance charges or interest at any rate or rates agreed upon or consented to by the parties to the retail i...

...(A)(1) As an alternative to the delinquent charges permitted in division (B) of section 1317.06 and division (B) of section 1317.11 of the Revised Code, a retail seller or holder may contract for and receive delinquent charges in any amount agreed upon or consented to by the parties to the retail installment contract or revolving budget agreement. (2) Each retail installment contract and revolving budget agreement p...

...No retail installment contract authorized by section 1317.03 of the Revised Code that is executed in connection with any retail installment sale shall evidence any indebtedness in excess of the time balance fixed in the written instrument in compliance with section 1317.04 of the Revised Code, but it may evidence in addition any agreements of the parties for the payment of delinquent charges, as provided for in secti...

...No retail seller, in connection with a retail installment contract arising out of a consumer transaction, shall take any security interest other than as authorized by this section. A seller may take a security interest in the property sold, and in goods upon which services are performed or in which goods sold are installed or to which they are annexed. A seller may secure the debt arising from the sale by contracti...

...(A)(1) No retail installment contract that evidences an indebtedness greater than that allowed under sections 1317.06, 1317.061, 1317.062, and 1317.07 of the Revised Code, and no retail installment contract in connection with which any charge prohibited by sections 1317.01 to 1317.11 of the Revised Code has been contracted for or received, shall be enforceable with respect to that excess indebtedness or charge agains...

...Notwithstanding any retail installment contract to the contrary, any retail buyer may satisfy in full at any time before maturity the debt of any retail installment contract and in so satisfying such debt shall receive a refund credit thereon for such anticipation of payments. The amount of such refund shall represent at least as great a proportion of the total finance charge, less an acquisition cost of ten dollars,...

...No agreement of any retail buyer made prior to or concurrent with the execution of any retail installment contract is a waiver of sections 1317.01 to 1317.11, inclusive, of the Revised Code.

...Sections 1317.01 to 1317.10 of the Revised Code do not apply to any sale or to any contract to sell made prior to August 10, 1949, which, if made after that date, would be a retail installment sale or contract and said sections do not affect pending litigation or revolving budget or revolving credit agreements, however described, under which finance charges are computed in relation to the buyer's unpaid balance from ...

...Notwithstanding any agreement to the contrary in a retail installment contract made on or after the effective date of this section, if collateral for a consumer transaction is taken possession of by the secured party on default, the secured party shall, within five business days after taking possession, send to the debtor a notice setting forth specifically the circumstances constituting the default and the amount b...

...As used in this section, "motor vehicle" and "mobile home" have the same meanings as in section 4501.01 of the Revised Code, and "manufactured home" has the same meaning as in section 3781.06 of the Revised Code. Notwithstanding the provisions of section 1309.609 of the Revised Code or any agreement by the parties to a consumer transaction to the contrary, a secured party whose security interest is taken pursuant t...

...Any provision in a retail installment contract or in any other agreement that is executed on or after August 1, 1980, by which a buyer in connection with a consumer transaction agrees not to assert any defenses against a seller, or the seller's assignee or transferee, is void, and the courts have no jurisdiction to enforce any such provision.

...time, place, and terms thereof shall be commercially reasonable. At least ten days prior to sale the secured party shall send notification of the time and place of such sale and of the minimum price for which such collateral will be sold, together with a statement that the debtor may be held liable for any deficiency resulting from such sale, by certified mail, return receipt requested, to the debtor at the debtor's...

...(A) Notwithstanding division (B) of section 1302.92 of the Revised Code and excluding layaway arrangements made pursuant to section 1317.22 of the Revised Code, when a seller justifiably withholds the delivery of specific goods because of the buyer's breach of a layaway arrangement, then both of the following apply: (1) The amount of the liquidated damages to which the seller is entitled shall not exceed the lesser ...

...(A) If a contract for sale at retail is a layaway arrangement involving the sale of merchandise or specific goods at a price above five hundred dollars, the layaway arrangement shall be evidenced by a written contract between the buyer and the seller and shall not be subject to division (A)(1) of section 1317.21 of the Revised Code. The seller shall provide a copy of the written contract to the buyer at the time the ...

...Refunds provided to a buyer under sections 1317.21 and 1317.22 of the Revised Code shall be made by the seller within thirty days of the completion of the applicable notice requirement by delivering cash, a check, or a money order to the buyer. The seller may determine the method of payment and the buyer may determine the manner of delivering the refund. If the seller delivers a cash refund to the buyer in a face-to-...

...A seller's failure to comply with sections 1317.21 to 1317.23 of the Revised Code is an unfair or deceptive act or practice in violation of section 1345.02 of the Revised Code.

...(A) Whoever willfully violates sections 1317.01 to 1317.11, inclusive, of the Revised Code, shall be fined not more than one thousand dollars or imprisoned not more than one year, or both.

...A cardholder who receives a credit card from an issuer, which such cardholder has not requested nor used, shall not be liable for any use made of such credit card which has not been authorized by such cardholder, unless such credit card is in replacement or renewal of a credit card previously requested or used by the cardholder.

...(A) As used in this section: (1) "Contract of indebtedness" means a note, bond, mortgage, conditional sale contract, retail installment contract, lease, security agreement, or other written evidence of indebtedness, other than indebtedness incurred for purposes that are primarily personal, family, or household. (2) "Commitment to pay attorneys' fees" means an obligation to pay attorneys' fees that arises in c...

...No husband or wife shall create any lien by chattel mortgage or otherwise upon any personal household property owned by either or both of them, without the joint consent of both husband and wife. No such mortgage is valid unless executed by both husband and wife. This section does not apply to any mortgage or lien for the purchase price of such property.

...lender. (B) "Nonrecourse loan" means a commercial loan secured by a mortgage on real property located in this state and evidenced by loan documents that meet any of the following: (1) Provide that the lender will not enforce the liability or obligation of the borrower by an action or proceeding in which a money judgment is sought against the borrower; (2) Provide that any judgment in any action or proceeding o...

...(A) A postclosing solvency covenant shall not be used, directly or indirectly, as a nonrecourse carveout or as the basis for any claim or action against a borrower or any guarantor or other surety on a nonrecourse loan. (B) A provision in the documents for a nonrecourse loan that does not comply with division (A) of this section is invalid and unenforceable.

...Section 1319.08 of the Revised Code does not prohibit a loan that is secured by a mortgage on real property located in this state from being fully recourse to the borrower or guarantor, including, but not limited to, as a result of a postclosing solvency covenant, if the loan documents for that loan do not contain nonrecourse loan provisions.

...(A) Two or more creditors of a debtor or co-debtors may join their respective claims together for the purpose of commencing litigation against the debtor or co-debtors. (B) If a debtor or co-debtor raises a good faith dispute concerning any accounts, bills, or other evidences of indebtedness that have been joined together for litigation pursuant to this section, the court shall separate the disputed account, bill, ...

...(A) Subject to divisions (B), (C), (D), and (E) of this section and to division (D) of section 1303.59 of the Revised Code, if an instrument is dishonored, an indorser is obliged to pay the amount due on the instrument according to the terms of the instrument at the time it was indorsed, or, if the indorser indorsed an incomplete instrument, according to its terms when completed, to the extent required by sections 13...

...(A) A person who transfers an instrument for consideration warrants all of the following to the transferee and, if the transfer is by indorsement, to any subsequent transferee: (1) The warrantor is a person entitled to enforce the instrument. (2) All signatures on the instrument are authentic and authorized. (3) The instrument has not been altered. (4) The instrument is not subject to a defense or claim in re...

...(A) If an unaccepted draft is presented to the drawee for payment or acceptance and the drawee pays or accepts the draft, the person obtaining payment or acceptance, at the time of presentment, and a previous transferor of the draft, at the time of transfer, warrant to the drawee making payment or accepting the draft in good faith all of the following: (1) That the warrantor is, or was, at the time the warrantor tra...

...(A) Except as provided in division (C) of this section, if the drawee of a draft pays or accepts the draft and the drawee acted on the mistaken belief that payment of the draft had not been stopped pursuant to section 1304.32 of the Revised Code, or that the signature of the drawer of the draft was authorized, the drawee may recover the amount of the draft from the person to whom or for whose benefit payment was made...

...(A) If an instrument is issued for value given for the benefit of a party to the instrument and another party to the instrument signs the instrument for the purpose of incurring liability on the instrument without being a direct beneficiary of the value given for the instrument, the instrument is signed by the accommodation party "for accommodation." (B) An accommodation party may sign the instrument as maker, drawe...

...(A) The law applicable to conversion of personal property applies to instruments. An instrument also is converted if it is taken by transfer, other than a negotiation, from a person not entitled to enforce the instrument or if a bank makes or obtains payment with respect to the instrument for a person not entitled to enforce the instrument or receive payment. An action for conversion of an instrument may not be broug...

...n the United States; may be made by any commercially reasonable means, including an oral, written, or electronic communication; is effective when the demand for payment or acceptance is received by the person to whom presentment is made; and is effective if made to any one of two or more makers, acceptors, drawees, or other payors. (2) Upon demand of the person to whom presentment is made, the person making presentm...

...(A) Dishonor of a note is governed by the following rules: (1) If the note is payable on demand, the note is dishonored if presentment is duly made to the maker and the note is not paid on the day of presentment. (2) If the note is not payable on demand and is payable at or through a bank or the terms of the note require presentment, the note is dishonored if presentment is duly made and the note is not paid on the...

...iven by any person; may be given by any commercially reasonable means, including an oral, written, or electronic communication; and is sufficient if it reasonably identifies the instrument and indicates that the instrument has been dishonored or has not been paid or accepted. The return of an instrument given to a bank for collection is sufficient notice of dishonor. (C) Subject to division (C) of section 1303.54 of...

...(A) Presentment for payment or acceptance of an instrument is excused under any of the following circumstances: (1) The person entitled to present the instrument cannot with reasonable diligence make presentment. (2) The maker or acceptor has repudiated an obligation to pay the instrument, has died, or is in insolvency proceedings. (3) By the terms of the instrument presentment is not necessary to enforce the obli...

...(A) The following are admissible as evidence and create a presumption of dishonor and of any notice of dishonor stated: (1) A document regular in form as provided in division (B) of this section that purports to be a protest; (2) A purported stamp or writing of the drawee, payor bank, or presenting bank on or accompanying the instrument stating that acceptance or payment has been refused unless reasons for the refu...

...(A) The obligation of a party to pay the instrument is discharged as stated in this chapter or by an act or agreement with the party that would discharge an obligation to pay money under a simple contract. (B) The discharge of the obligation of a party is not effective against a person acquiring rights of a holder in due course of the instrument without notice of the discharge.

...(A) Subject to division (E) of this section, an instrument is paid to the extent payment is made by or on behalf of a party obliged to pay the instrument and to a person entitled to enforce the instrument. (B)(1) Subject to division (E) of this section, a note is paid to the extent payment is made by or on behalf of a party obliged to pay the note to a person that formerly was entitled to enforce the note only if at...

...(A) If tender of payment of an obligation to pay an instrument is made to a person entitled to enforce the instrument, the effect of tender is governed by principles of law applicable to tender of payment under a simple contract. (B) If tender of payment of an obligation to pay an instrument is made to a person entitled to enforce the instrument and the tender is refused, there is discharge, to the extent of the amo...

...(A) A person entitled to enforce an instrument, with or without consideration, may discharge the obligation of a party to pay the instrument in either of the following ways: (1) By surrender of the instrument to the party, destruction, mutilation, or cancellation of the instrument, cancellation or striking out of the party's signature, the addition of words to the instrument indicating discharge, or any other intent...

...(A) If a person entitled to enforce an instrument releases the obligation of a principal obligor in whole or in part, and another party to the instrument is a secondary obligor with respect to the obligation of that principal obligor, the following rules apply: (1) Any obligations of the principal obligor to the secondary obligor with respect to any previous payment by the secondary obligor are not affected. Unless...

...(A) As used in sections 1304.01 to 1304.40 of the Revised Code, unless the context requires otherwise: (1) "Account" means any deposit or credit account with a bank, including a demand, time, savings, passbook, share draft, or similar account, other than an account evidenced by a certificate of deposit. (2) "Afternoon" means the period of day between noon and midnight. (3) "Banking day" means the part of a day on...

...(A) To the extent that items within sections 1304.01 to 1304.40 of the Revised Code are also within the scope of Chapter 1303. and Chapter 1308. of the Revised Code, they are subject to those chapters. In the event of conflict, the provisions of sections 1304.01 to 1304.40 of the Revised Code govern those of Chapter 1303., but the provisions of Chapter 1308. of the Revised Code govern those of sections 1304.01 to 130...

...(A) The effect of the provisions of this chapter may be varied by agreement, but the parties to the agreement cannot disclaim a bank's responsibility for its lack of good faith or failure to exercise ordinary care or limit the measure of damages for the lack or failure. However, the parties may determine by agreement the standards by which the bank's responsibility is to be measured if those standards are not manifes...

...A branch or separate office of a bank is a separate bank for the purpose of computing the time within which and determining the place at or to which action may be taken or notices or orders shall be given under Chapter 1303. and sections 1304.01 to 1304.40 of the Revised Code.

...(A) If an item states that it is "payable through" a bank identified in the item, both of the following apply: (1) The item designates the bank as a collecting bank and does not by itself authorize the bank to pay the item. (2) The item may be presented for payment only by or through the bank. (B) If an item states that it is "payable at" a bank identified in the item, the item is equivalent to a draft drawn on th...

...(A) For the purpose of allowing time to process items, prove balances, and make the necessary entries on its books to determine its position for the day, a bank may fix an afternoon hour of two p.m. or later as a cut-off hour for the handling of money and items and the making of entries on its books. (B) An item or deposit of money received on any day after a cut-off hour so fixed or after the close of the banking d...

...(A) Unless otherwise instructed, a collecting bank in a good faith effort to secure payment of a specific item drawn on a payor other than a bank, and with or without the approval of any person involved, may waive, modify, or extend time limits imposed or permitted by Chapters 1301., 1302., 1303., 1304., 1305., 1307., 1308., 1309., and 1310. of the Revised Code for a period not exceeding two additional banking days ...

...(A) "Agreement for electronic presentment" means an agreement, clearing house rule, or federal reserve regulation or operating circular providing that presentment of an item may be made by transmission of an image of an item or information describing the item rather than delivery of the item itself. The "agreement for electronic presentment" may provide for procedures governing retention, presentment, payment, dishon...

...An action to enforce an obligation, duty, or right arising under sections 1304.01 to 1304.40 of the Revised Code shall be brought within three years after the cause of action accrues.

...At an election under section 1313.05 of the Revised Code creditors representing fifty per cent or more of the debts of the assignor, present or represented by attorney, may proceed to the election of trustees for the benefit of creditors, a majority in value of all the debts represented at such meeting being necessary to a choice. The proceedings of the meeting showing what creditors were present, the amount of the ...

...The probate court may remove an assignee or trustee for the benefit of creditors, specifying in the order the cause of removal.

...A surety of an assignee or trustee for the benefit of creditors, or the executor or administrator of such surety, at any time may make application to the probate court to be released from the bond of such assignee or trustee, by filing his written request therefor with the judge of such court, and giving at least five days' notice, in writing, to such assignee or trustee. If, upon the hearing, the court is of opinion...

...An assignee or trustee for the benefit of creditors at any time may make application to the probate court for the release of his sureties, by filing his written request with the judge of such court, and giving at least five days' notice, in writing, to such sureties. If, upon the hearing, the court is of opinion that there is good reason to release said sureties it shall order said assignee or trustee to file an acco...

...If an assignee or trustee for the benefit of creditors fails to give new bond, as directed by the probate court, he must be removed and his letters superseded. The original sureties shall not be released until the assignee or trustee gives new bond, but the original sureties are liable for said assignee or trustee's acts only from the time of executing the original bond to the filing and approval by the court of the ...

...When the probate court appoints a trustee for the benefit of creditors, whether in place of an assignee or of a trustee previously appointed, such trustee, within ten days after his appointment, shall give bond or, failing to do so, he may be considered as declining the appointment, and the place shall be filled. When a trustee has given bond, he succeeds to all the rights, powers, and privileges of the preceding ass...

...On the resignation or removal of an assignee or trustee for the benefit of creditors, he shall file and settle his account without delay, and on the death of such assignee or trustee, his legal representative must file and settle such account without delay. Immediately after the settlement, the assignee or trustee, or his legal representative, shall pay over to his successor all moneys found due from him to the trust...

...When the probate court appoints a trustee for the benefit of creditors to act in place of the assignee of a debtor, the appointment and qualification of the trustee operates as a conveyance to him of all the property originally assigned to such assignee.

...Each assignee or trustee for the benefit of creditors appointed on the failure of the assignee of a debtor to qualify, within thirty days after giving bond, must give notice of his appointment in some newspaper of general circulation in the county, for three successive weeks.

...Immediately upon the assignee of a debtor giving bond, or if said assignee fails to give bond, then upon the trustee for the benefit of creditors giving bond, the probate court shall appoint three suitable disinterested persons appraisers of the property and assets of the assignor. Such assignee or trustee, within thirty days after giving bond, unless for good cause the court allows a longer time, must make and file...

...If the assignment for the benefit of creditors, includes real property situated without this state, it is not necessary to have it appraised, but the assignee, or trustee appointed, shall sell such real property at public or private sale, and the sale shall be confirmed, if the court finds that it has been made in good faith for a fair price. At the time of filing the inventory as provided in section 1313.15 of the R...

...No assignment for the benefit of creditors shall include or cover any property exempt from levy or sale on execution, or exempt from being applied to the payment of debts by any legal process, unless in the assignment the exemption is expressly waived. No such assignment shall include any property belonging to the wife of the assignor, nor require the assignor to deliver up any of such property.

...Appraisers appointed under section 1313.15 of the Revised Code, shall set off in the way that appraisers of property levied on or attached are required to do, exempt property that has to be selected by the debtor. If the setting off is omitted, at any time after the appraisal and before sale, the court may order it to be done by the appraisers.

...The probate judge, at any time before the final settlement of the accounts of an assignee for the benefit of creditors, may require his attendance, or that of any other person as a witness, and examine him upon oath, as to all matters appertaining to the estate of the assignor or to the administration of the trust, and, upon or after such examination, make and enforce any orders upon proper parties, which said judge...

...On application of an assignee for the benefit of creditors or of a creditor, or without application, the probate judge may require the assignor, upon reasonable notice, to attend and submit to an examination on oath as to the disposal of his property, his trade and dealings with others, and his accounts concerning them, as to all debts due or claimed from him, and to all other matters concerning his property and es...

...An assignee or trustee for the benefit of creditors shall convert the assets received by him into money, and shall sell the real and personal property assigned, including stocks and such bonds, notes, and other claims as are not due and which probably cannot be collected within a reasonable time, at public auction, either for cash or upon such other terms as the probate court orders.

...Notice of the time and place of the sale of real property assigned for the benefit of creditors, shall be given by advertisement in some newspaper of general circulation in the county where such property is situated, for four consecutive weeks. The real property shall not be sold for less than two thirds of the appraised value thereof, but shall be subject to reappraisement as upon execution at law.

...Notice of the time and place of the sale of personal property assigned for the benefit of creditors, shall be given for at least ten days prior to the day of sale, by advertisement in some newspaper of general circulation in the county, or by posting written or printed notices thereof in at least fifteen public places in the county, not less than five of which must be posted in the township in which the sale is to be...

...When the probate court is satisfied that it would be for the advantage of the creditors of the assignor to sell part, or all, of the real or personal property in this state assigned for the benefit of creditors at private sale, it may authorize the assignee or trustee for the benefit of creditors to sell it either for cash or upon such other terms as the court orders. No real property lying in this state shall be sol...

...Any property, ordered to be sold by the probate court at private sale under section 1313.24 of the Revised Code, not sold within the time prescribed, shall be ordered to be sold at public auction, as though a private sale had not been ordered.

...With the approval of the probate court an assignee or trustee for the benefit of creditors may compromise or sell any claim or demand, due or owing to the assignor, which is desperate or difficult of collection, and also, with like approval, complete and enforce all sales of the real property made by the assignor.

...Reports of sales of real property and personal property made under sections 1313.21 to 1313.31, inclusive, of the Revised Code shall be returned to the probate court within the time prescribed. After having carefully examined the return, if satisfied that the sale has been legally made, the court shall confirm it and order the assignee or trustee to make a deed to the purchaser for the property sold. The court also m...

...If it is for the best interests of the creditors of the assignor, the probate court may order the assignee or trustee for the benefit of creditors to sell without recourse any notes taken for deferred payments at not less than their face value with accrued interest, and direct the distribution of the proceeds.

...When real property is to be sold as provided in sections 1313.21 to 1313.31, inclusive, of the Revised Code, the husband or wife of the assignor may be made a party, and file an answer in the probate court to have such real property sold free of his or her contingent right of dower and to allow him or her in lieu thereof, out of the proceeds of the sale, such sum of money as the court deems the just and reasonable va...

...When the assignor and his wife jointly have executed a mortgage upon real property assigned for the benefit of creditors, or when the assignor alone has executed a mortgage upon any of such real property to secure the payment of purchase money, or a part thereof, the probate court shall order its sale free from the contingent right of dower of such wife, and shall determine the just and reasonable value of her dower...