Ohio Revised Code Search

...Every proceeding to rehabilitate or liquidate an insurer commenced under the laws in effect before the effective date of sections 3903.01 to 3903.59 of the Revised Code shall be continued as it would have been continued had these sections not been enacted.

...tion, or liability; (7) Merge or consolidate with another company; (8) Enter into any new reinsurance contract or treaty. (D) Any insurer subject to an order under this section shall comply with the lawful requirements of the superintendent and, if placed under supervision, shall have sixty days from the date the supervision order is served within which to comply with the requirements of the superintendent. In the...

...s of a seizure order or other order considered necessary by the superintendent. (B) Upon a filing under division (A) of this section, the court may issue forthwith, ex parte and without a hearing, the requested order which shall direct the superintendent to take possession and control of all or a part of the property, books, accounts, documents, and other records of an insurer, and of the premises occupied by it for...

...he proceedings, shall be and remain confidential and privileged except as is necessary to enforce compliance with those sections, unless and until the court of common pleas, after hearing arguments from the parties in chambers, shall order otherwise, or unless the insurer requests in writing that the matter be made public. Until such court order or such request from the insurer, all papers filed with the clerk of the...

..., or other records, or those of any subsidiary or related company within the control of the insurer, or those of any person having executive authority in the insurer so far as they pertain to the insurer. (G) Without first obtaining the written consent of the superintendent, the insurer has transferred, or attempted to transfer, substantially its entire property or business, or has entered into any transaction the e...

...(A) An order to rehabilitate the business of a domestic insurer, or an alien insurer domiciled in this state, shall appoint the superintendent of insurance and his successors in office the rehabilitator, and shall direct the rehabilitator forthwith to take possession of the assets of the insurer, and to administer them under the general supervision of the court. The rehabilitator is vested by operation of law with th...

...ploy such clerks and assistants as considered necessary. The compensation of the special deputies, clerks, and assistants and all expenses of taking possession of the insurer and of conducting the proceedings shall be fixed by the superintendent, with the approval of the court and shall be paid out of the funds or assets of the insurer. The persons appointed under this section shall serve at the pleasure of th...

...ecting the pending litigation as he considers necessary in the interests of justice and for the protection of creditors, policyholders, and the public. The rehabilitator shall immediately consider all litigation pending outside this state and shall petition the courts having jurisdiction over that litigation for stays whenever necessary to protect the estate of the insurer. (B) No statute of limitations or defense o...

...urt of common pleas for an order of liquidation. A motion under this division has the same effect as a complaint under section 3903.17 of the Revised Code. The court shall permit the directors of the insurer to take such actions as are reasonably necessary to defend against the motion and may order payment from the estate of the insurer of such costs and other expenses of defense as justice may require. (B) The cour...

...pleas for an order directing him to liquidate a domestic insurer or an alien insurer domiciled in this state on the basis of any one or more of the following: (A) Upon any ground for an order of rehabilitation specified in section 3903.12 of the Revised Code, whether or not there has been a prior order directing the rehabilitation of the insurer; (B) That the insurer is insolvent; (C) That the insurer is in such c...

...(A) An order to liquidate the business of a domestic insurer shall appoint the superintendent of insurance and his successors in office as liquidator and shall direct the liquidator forthwith to take possession of the assets of the insurer and to administer them under the general supervision of the court. The liquidator shall be vested by operation of law with the title to all of the property, contracts, and rights o...

...the time of issuance of an order of liquidation shall continue in force only for the lesser of any of the following: (1) A period of thirty days from the date of entry of the liquidation order; (2) The expiration of the policy coverage; (3) The date when the insured has replaced the insurance coverage with equivalent insurance in another insurer or otherwise terminated the policy; (4) The liquidator has effected ...

...the time he files a complaint for a liquidation order. The court shall order dissolution of the corporation upon motion by the superintendent upon or after the granting of a liquidation order. If the dissolution has not previously been ordered, it shall be effected by operation of law upon the discharge of the liquidator if the insurer is insolvent but may be ordered by the court upon the discharge of the liquidator ...

...(A) The liquidator may do any of the following: (1) Appoint one or more special deputies to act for him under sections 3903.01 to 3903.59 of the Revised Code, and determine the deputies' reasonable compensation. Special deputies have all the powers of the liquidator granted by this section. Special deputies shall serve at the pleasure of the liquidator. (2) Employ employees and agents, actuaries, accountants, appra...

...ss the court otherwise directs, the liquidator shall give or cause to be given notice of the liquidation order as soon as possible to all of the following: (1) By first class mail and either by telegram or telephone to the superintendent of insurance or equivalent officer of each jurisdiction in which the insurer is doing business; (2) By first class mail to any guaranty association or foreign guaranty association ...

...Upon entry of an order appointing a liquidator of a domestic insurer or of an alien insurer domiciled in this state, no civil action shall be commenced against the insurer or liquidator, whether in this state or elsewhere, nor shall any such existing actions be maintained or further prosecuted after the entry of the order. The courts of this state shall give full faith and credit to injunctions against the liquidator...

...A) As soon as practicable after the liquidation order but not later than one hundred twenty days thereafter, the liquidator shall prepare in duplicate a list of the insurer's assets. The list shall be amended or supplemented from time to time as the liquidator may determine. One copy shall be filed in the office of the clerk of the court and one copy shall be retained for the liquidator's files. All amendments and su...

...(A) Except as provided in division (D) of this section, every transfer made or suffered and every obligation incurred by an insurer within one year prior to the filing of a successful complaint for rehabilitation or liquidation under sections 3903.01 to 3903.59 of the Revised Code is fraudulent as to then existing and future creditors if made or incurred without fair consideration, or with actual intent to hinder, d...

...r a complaint for rehabilitation or liquidation has been filed, a transfer of any of the real property of the insurer made to a person acting in good faith is valid against the rehabilitator or liquidator if made for a present fair equivalent value, or, if not made for a present fair equivalent value, then to the extent of the present consideration actually paid therefor, for which amount the transferee has a lien on...

...or would receive if the insurer was liquidated under this chapter, the transfer had not been made, and the creditor received payment of the debt to the extent provided by the provisions of this chapter. (2) Any preference may be avoided by the liquidator if any of the following apply: (a) The insurer was insolvent at the time of the transfer; (b) The transfer was made within one hundred twenty days before the com...

...transfer, assignment, or encumbrance, voidable under sections 3903.01 to 3903.59 of the Revised Code, shall be allowed unless he surrenders the preference, lien, conveyance, transfer, assignment, or encumbrance. If the avoidance is effected by a proceeding in which a final judgment has been entered, the claim shall not be allowed unless the money is paid or the property is delivered to the liquidator within thirty d...

... the balance only shall be allowed or paid, except as provided in division (B) of this section and section 3903.33 of the Revised Code. (B) No setoff or counterclaim shall be allowed in favor of any person where any of the following apply: (1) The obligation of the insurer to the person would not at the date of the filing of a complaint for liquidation entitle the person to share as a claimant in the assets of the ...

...al right to cause the termination, liquidation, acceleration, or close out of obligations under, or in connection with, a netting agreement or qualified financial contract with an insurer because of either of the following: (a) The insolvency, financial condition, or default of the insurer at any time; (b) The commencement of a formal delinquency proceeding under sections 3903.01 to 3903.59 of the Revised Code...

... years from the date of an order of liquidation under section 3903.18 of the Revised Code of an insurer issuing assessable policies, the liquidator shall make a report to the court setting forth all of the following: (1) The reasonable value of the assets of the insurer; (2) The insurer's probable total liabilities; (3) The probable aggregate amount of the assessment necessary to pay all claims of creditors and ex...

...The amount recoverable by the liquidator from reinsurers shall not be reduced as a result of delinquency proceedings, regardless of any provision in the reinsurance contract or other agreement. Payment made by a reinsurer directly to an insured or other creditor does not diminish the reinsurer's obligation to the insurer's estate except when the reinsurance contract or other written agreement either provides for di...

...action in which the cash price may be paid in installments over a period of time, and every retail sale of specific goods to any person in which the cash price may be paid in installments over a period of time. "Retail installment sale" does not include a lease-purchase agreement as defined in division (F) of section 1351.01 of the Revised Code nor a layaway arrangement as defined in division (S) of this section. (B...

...very retail installment sale shall be evidenced by an instrument in writing. A copy of said instrument shall be delivered to the retail buyer by the retail seller at the time of its execution. An acknowledgment of the delivery thereof contained in the body of the instrument is prima-facie proof of delivery in any action to enforce any obligation arising out of the retail installment sale. The written instrument shall...

...cute and deliver a promissory note to evidence the indebtedness created by a retail installment sale, and, to secure the payment of the indebtedness created by the sale or evidenced by the promissory note or to secure the performance of any other condition of the sale, may require the retail buyer to execute and deliver a security agreement to give the retail seller a security interest in the specific goods which wer...

...Notwithstanding section 1303.35 of the Revised Code, a buyer who executes a purchase money loan installment note or a retail installment contract in connection with a consumer transaction may assert against any holder, assignee, or transferee of the note or contract, specifically including any holder in due course, as defined in section 1303.32 of the Revised Code, of the note or contract any defense that the buyer m...

...rms of the transaction; (2) That, as evidenced by any writing in the consumer transaction, the subject of the transaction is not of the particular brand, color, or model that it was represented to be; (3) That the subject of the consumer transaction is not new or unused, if the subject was represented by the seller to be new or unused; (4) That the subject of the consumer transaction did not conform to any express...

...The written instrument evidencing a retail installment sale and required by section 1317.02 of the Revised Code shall recite the following: (A) The cash price of the specific goods. (B) The amount in cash of the retail buyer's down payment, if any, whether made in money or goods or partly in money or partly in goods. (C) The unpaid balance of the cash price payable by the retail buyer to the retail seller which...

...nt, renew, or revoke licenses, nor do said sections authorize anyone other than a licensee of the division of insurance to directly or indirectly receive any part of the amount charged for insurance in connection with any retail installment sale. (B) As used in this division, "debt cancellation or debt suspension product" means a contractual agreement in which a retail seller, or its assignee, agrees for a separat...

...ct. On retail installment contracts providing for principal balances less than, nor not in multiples of one hundred dollars, or for installment payments extending for a period less than or greater than one year, said finance charge shall be computed proportionately. In addition to the base finance charge, the retail seller may charge and contract for a service charge of fifty cents per month for the first fifty dolla...

...As an alternative to the finance charges permitted in division (A) of section 1317.06 of the Revised Code or the interest permitted in division (B) of that section, and to the finance charges permitted in division (B) of section 1317.11 of the Revised Code, a retail seller or holder may contract for and receive finance charges or interest at any rate or rates agreed upon or consented to by the parties to the retail i...

...(A)(1) As an alternative to the delinquent charges permitted in division (B) of section 1317.06 and division (B) of section 1317.11 of the Revised Code, a retail seller or holder may contract for and receive delinquent charges in any amount agreed upon or consented to by the parties to the retail installment contract or revolving budget agreement. (2) Each retail installment contract and revolving budget agreement p...

...ith any retail installment sale shall evidence any indebtedness in excess of the time balance fixed in the written instrument in compliance with section 1317.04 of the Revised Code, but it may evidence in addition any agreements of the parties for the payment of delinquent charges, as provided for in section 1317.06 of the Revised Code, taxes, and any lawful fee actually paid out, or to be paid out, by the retail sel...

...ore sales are thus secured or are consolidated into one debt payable on a single schedule of payments, and the debt is secured by security interests taken with respect to one or more of the sales, payments received by the seller after the taking of security interests in the other property or the consolidation are deemed, for the purpose of determining the amount of the debt secured by the various security interests, ...

...) No retail installment contract that evidences an indebtedness greater than that allowed under sections 1317.06, 1317.061, 1317.062, and 1317.07 of the Revised Code, and no retail installment contract in connection with which any charge prohibited by sections 1317.01 to 1317.11 of the Revised Code has been contracted for or received, shall be enforceable with respect to that excess indebtedness or charge against any...

...Notwithstanding any retail installment contract to the contrary, any retail buyer may satisfy in full at any time before maturity the debt of any retail installment contract and in so satisfying such debt shall receive a refund credit thereon for such anticipation of payments. The amount of such refund shall represent at least as great a proportion of the total finance charge, less an acquisition cost of ten dollars,...

...No agreement of any retail buyer made prior to or concurrent with the execution of any retail installment contract is a waiver of sections 1317.01 to 1317.11, inclusive, of the Revised Code.

...tail installment sale or contract and said sections do not affect pending litigation or revolving budget or revolving credit agreements, however described, under which finance charges are computed in relation to the buyer's unpaid balance from time to time, or sales made pursuant thereto, by a retail seller or sellers, provided they comply with the provisions of this section. (A) Such agreements, in this section cal...

...the time of such delivery; (B) Any unpaid delinquency or deferred charges; (C) The actual and reasonable expenses incurred by the secured party in retaking possession of the collateral provided that any portion of such expenses which exceeds twenty-five dollars need not be delivered to the secured party pursuant to this division, but shall be added to the time balance; (D) A deposit by cash or bond in the amount o...

...As used in this section, "motor vehicle" and "mobile home" have the same meanings as in section 4501.01 of the Revised Code, and "manufactured home" has the same meaning as in section 3781.06 of the Revised Code. Notwithstanding the provisions of section 1309.609 of the Revised Code or any agreement by the parties to a consumer transaction to the contrary, a secured party whose security interest is taken pursuant t...

...e seller's assignee or transferee, is void, and the courts have no jurisdiction to enforce any such provision.

...(A) A secured party whose security interest is taken pursuant to section 1317.071 of the Revised Code may, after default, dispose of any or all of the collateral only as authorized by this section. (B) Disposition of the collateral shall be by public sale only. Such sale may be as a unit or in parcels and the method, manner, time, place, and terms thereof shall be commercially reasonable. At least ten days prior to ...

...owing apply: (1) The amount of the liquidated damages to which the seller is entitled shall not exceed the lesser of twenty-five dollars or ten per cent of the value of specific goods subject to the layaway arrangement. (2) The buyer is entitled to a refund of the balance of deposits and payments that he previously made pursuant to the layaway arrangement, determined after deducting the liquidated damages described...

...ars, the layaway arrangement shall be evidenced by a written contract between the buyer and the seller and shall not be subject to division (A)(1) of section 1317.21 of the Revised Code. The seller shall provide a copy of the written contract to the buyer at the time the buyer pays the initial deposit, down payment, or part payment to the seller for the merchandise or specific goods which are the subject of the layaw...

...Refunds provided to a buyer under sections 1317.21 and 1317.22 of the Revised Code shall be made by the seller within thirty days of the completion of the applicable notice requirement by delivering cash, a check, or a money order to the buyer. The seller may determine the method of payment and the buyer may determine the manner of delivering the refund. If the seller delivers a cash refund to the buyer in a face-to-...

...(A) Whoever willfully violates sections 1317.01 to 1317.11, inclusive, of the Revised Code, shall be fined not more than one thousand dollars or imprisoned not more than one year, or both.

...A cardholder who receives a credit card from an issuer, which such cardholder has not requested nor used, shall not be liable for any use made of such credit card which has not been authorized by such cardholder, unless such credit card is in replacement or renewal of a credit card previously requested or used by the cardholder.

...(A) If a payment order addressed to a receiving bank is transmitted to a funds-transfer system or other third-party communication system for transmittal to the bank, the system is deemed to be an agent of the sender for the purpose of transmitting the payment order to the bank. If there is a discrepancy between the terms of the payment order transmitted to the system and the terms of the payment order transmitted by ...

...the name, bank account number, or other identification of the beneficiary refers to a nonexistent or unidentifiable person or account, no person has rights as a beneficiary of the order and acceptance of the order cannot occur. (B) If a payment order received by the beneficiary's bank identifies the beneficiary by name and an identifying or bank account number, and the name and number identify different persons, bot...

...f this section apply to a payment order identifying an intermediary bank or the beneficiary's bank only by an identifying number. (2) The receiving bank may rely on the number as the proper identification of the intermediary or beneficiary's bank and need not determine whether the number identifies a bank. (3) The sender shall compensate the receiving bank for any loss and expenses incurred by the receiving bank as...

...en the bank pays the beneficiary as provided in division (A) or (B) of section 1304.77 of the Revised Code, or notifies the beneficiary of receipt of the order or that the account of the beneficiary has been credited with respect to the order, unless the notice indicates that the bank is rejecting the order or that funds with respect to the order may not be withdrawn or used until receipt of payment from the sender o...

...(A) A payment order is rejected by the receiving bank by a notice of rejection transmitted to the sender orally, electronically, or in writing. A notice of rejection need not use any particular words and is sufficient if it indicates that the receiving bank is rejecting the order or will not execute or pay the order. Rejection is effective when the notice is given if transmission is by a means that is reasonable in t...

...cover from the beneficiary any amount paid to the beneficiary to the extent allowed by the law governing mistake and restitution. (D) An unaccepted payment order is canceled by operation of law at the close of the fifth funds-transfer business day of the receiving bank after the execution date or payment date of the order. (E) A canceled payment order cannot be accepted. If an accepted payment order is canceled, th...

...each of the agreement to the extent provided in the agreement or in sections 1304.51 to 1304.85 of the Revised Code, but does not otherwise have any duty to accept a payment order or, before acceptance, to take any action, or refrain from taking action, with respect to the order except as provided in those sections or by express agreement. Liability based on acceptance arises only when acceptance occurs as provided i...

...(A) A payment order is executed by the receiving bank when it issues a payment order intended to carry out the payment order received by the bank. A payment order received by the beneficiary's bank can be accepted but cannot be executed. (B) "Execution date" of a payment order means the day on which the receiving bank may properly issue a payment order in execution of the sender's order. The execution date may be de...

...(A) Except as provided in divisions (B) to (D) of this section, if the receiving bank accepts a payment order pursuant to division (A) of section 1304.64 of the Revised Code, the bank has the following obligations in executing the order: (1) The receiving bank shall issue, on the execution date, a payment order complying with the sender's order and follow the sender's instructions concerning any intermediary bank or...

...(A) A receiving bank that executes the payment order of the sender by issuing a payment order in an amount greater than the amount of the sender's order, or issues a payment order in execution of the sender's order and then issues a duplicate order, is entitled to payment of the amount of the sender's order under division (C) of section 1304.74 of the Revised Code if that division is otherwise satisfied. The bank may...

...der that is erroneously executed as provided in section 1304.70 of the Revised Code receives notification from the receiving bank that the order was executed or that the sender's account was debited with respect to the order, the sender has a duty to exercise ordinary care to determine, on the basis of information available to the sender, that the order was erroneously executed and to notify the bank of the relevant ...

...y the improper execution. Except as provided in division (C) of this section, additional damages are not recoverable. (B) If execution of a payment order by a receiving bank without compliance with section 1304.69 of the Revised Code results in noncompletion of the funds transfer, failure to use an intermediary bank designated by the originator, or issuance of a payment order that does not comply with the terms of t...

..."Payment date" of a payment order means the day on which the amount of the order is payable to the beneficiary by the beneficiary's bank. The payment date may be determined by instruction of the sender but cannot be earlier than the day the order is received by the beneficiary's bank and, unless otherwise determined, is the day the order is received by the beneficiary's bank.

...iged to pay all or part of the amount paid, the bank receiving payment shall refund payment to the extent the sender was not obliged to pay. Except as provided in sections 1304.59 and 1304.71 of the Revised Code, interest is payable on the refundable amount from the date of payment. (E) If a funds transfer is not completed as stated in division (C) of this section and an intermediary bank is obliged to refund paymen...

... is withdrawn or, if not withdrawn, at midnight of the day on which the credit is withdrawable and the receiving bank learns of that fact. (3) If the receiving bank debits an account of the sender with the receiving bank, payment occurs when the debit is made to the extent the debit is covered by a withdrawable credit balance in the account. (B)(1) If the sender and receiving bank are members of a funds-transfer sy...

...amages, unless the bank proves that it did not pay because of a reasonable doubt concerning the right of the beneficiary to payment. (B) If a payment order accepted by the beneficiary's bank instructs payment to an account of the beneficiary, the bank shall notify the beneficiary of receipt of the order before midnight of the next funds-transfer business day following the payment date. If the payment order does not ...

...gation is satisfied. (C) Except as provided in divisions (D) and (E) of this section, if the beneficiary's bank pays the beneficiary of a payment order under a condition to payment or agreement of the beneficiary giving the bank the right to recover payment from the beneficiary if the bank does not receive payment of the order, the condition to payment or agreement is not enforceable. (D) A funds-transfer system ru...

...loss that could reasonably have been avoided if payment had been made by a means complying with the contract. (2) If payment by the originator does not result in discharge under this section, the originator is subrogated to the rights of the beneficiary to receive payment from the beneficiary's bank under division (A) of section 1304.76 of the Revised Code. (C) For the purpose of determining whether discharge of an...

...ry's bank. (B) Except as otherwise provided in sections 1304.51 to 1304.85 of the Revised Code, the rights and obligations of a party to a funds transfer may be varied by agreement of the affected party. (C) Except as otherwise provided in sections 1304.51 to 1304.85 of the Revised Code, a funds-transfer system rule governing rights and obligations between participating banks using the system may be effective even ...

...e payment order to the extent the bank did not otherwise receive payment of the order, unless the creditor process is served at a time and in a manner affording the bank a reasonable opportunity to act on it before the bank accepts the payment order. (C) If a beneficiary's bank has received a payment order for payment to the beneficiary's account in the bank, all of the following apply: (1) The bank may credit the ...

...For proper cause and in compliance with applicable law, a court may restrain a person from issuing a payment order to initiate a funds transfer, an originator's bank from executing the payment order of the originator, or the beneficiary's bank from releasing funds to the beneficiary or the beneficiary from withdrawing the funds. A court may not otherwise restrain a person from issuing a payment order, paying or recei...

...(A) If a receiving bank has received more than one payment order of the sender or one or more payment orders and other items that are payable from the sender's account, the bank may charge the sender's account with respect to the various orders and items in any sequence. (B) In determining whether a credit to an account has been withdrawn by the holder of the account or applied to a debt of the holder of the accoun...

...stomer received notification reasonably identifying the order, the customer is precluded from asserting that the bank is not entitled to retain the payment unless the customer notifies the bank of the customer's objection to the payment within one year after the notification was received by the customer.

...termined by an agreement or rule as provided in division (A) of this section, the amount is calculated by multiplying the applicable federal funds rate by the amount on which interest is payable, and then multiplying the product by the number of days for which interest is payable. The applicable federal funds rate is the average of the federal funds rates published by the federal reserve bank of New York for each of...

...(A) All of the following apply unless the affected parties otherwise agree or division (C) of this section applies: (1) The rights and obligations between the sender of a payment order and the receiving bank are governed by the law of the jurisdiction in which the receiving bank is located. (2) The rights and obligations between the beneficiary's bank and the beneficiary are governed by the law of the jurisdiction ...