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pre income tax trust
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Section 5803.01 | Notice to and consent by representative.

...to the termination or modification of a trust under division (A) of section 5804.11 of the Revised Code.

Section 5803.02 | Holder of power of appointment may represent persons subject to power.

... power of appointment and the persons represented with respect to the particular question or dispute, the holder may represent and bind persons whose interests, as permissible appointees, takers in default, or otherwise, are subject to the power. To the extent there is no conflict of interest between the holder of a limited testamentary power of appointment or a presently exercisable limited power of appointment and ...

Section 5803.03 | Powers of representative.

...section 5801.10 of the Revised Code, a trustee may represent and bind the beneficiaries of the trust. (E) A personal representative of a decedent's estate may represent and bind persons interested in the estate. (F) A parent may represent and bind the parent's minor or unborn child if neither a guardian for the child's estate or a guardian of the person has been appointed. If a minor or unborn child is not re...

Section 5803.04 | Representation by person having same interest.

...Unless otherwise represented, a minor, incapacitated individual, unborn individual, or person whose identity or location is unknown and not reasonably ascertainable may be represented by and bound by another having a substantially identical interest with respect to the particular question or dispute, but only to the extent there is no conflict of interest between the representative and the person represented.

Section 5803.05 | Appointment to represent unrepresented interest.

...ot a judicial proceeding concerning the trust is pending. (C) In making decisions, a representative may consider general benefit accruing to the living members of the individual's family.

Section 5804.01 | Methods of creation of trusts.

...A trust may be created by any of the following methods: (A) Transfer of property to another person as trustee during the settlor's lifetime or by will or other disposition taking effect upon the settlor's death; (B) Declaration by the owner of property that the owner holds identifiable property as trustee; (C) Exercise of a power of appointment in favor of a trustee; (D) A court order.

Section 5804.02 | General requirements for creation of trust.

...sole trustee and the sole holder of the present beneficial enjoyment of the corpus of the trust, provided that one or more other persons hold a vested, contingent, or expectant interest relative to the enjoyment of the corpus of the trust upon the cessation of the present beneficial enjoyment. A merger of the legal and equitable titles to the corpus of a trust described in this division does not occur in its creator,...

Section 5804.03 | Validity of nontestamentary trusts.

...A trust not created by will is validly created if its creation complies with the law of the jurisdiction in which the trust instrument was executed or the law of the jurisdiction in which, at the time of creation, any of the following applies: (A) The settlor was domiciled in, had a place of abode in, or was a national of the jurisdiction. (B) A trustee was domiciled or had a place of business in the jurisdiction. ...

Section 5804.04 | Trust purposes must be legitimate.

...A trust may be created only to the extent that its purposes are lawful, not contrary to public policy, and possible to achieve. A trust exists, and its assets shall be held, for the benefit of its beneficiaries in accordance with the interests of the beneficiaries in the trust.

Section 5804.05 | Purposes of charitable trust - enforcement.

...(A) A charitable trust may be created for the relief of poverty, the advancement of education or religion, the promotion of health, governmental or municipal purposes, or other purposes the achievement of which is beneficial to the community. (B) If the terms of a charitable trust do not indicate a particular charitable purpose or beneficiary, the court may select one or more charitable purposes or beneficiaries. Th...

Section 5804.06 | Trust induced by fraud, duress, or undue influence void.

...A trust is void to the extent its creation was induced by fraud, duress, or undue influence. As used in this section, "fraud," "duress," and "undue influence" have the same meanings for trust validity purposes as they have for purposes of determining the validity of a will.

Section 5804.07 | Written instrument not required.

...s 5801. to 5811. of the Revised Code, a trust is not required to be evidenced by a trust instrument, but the creation of an oral trust and its terms may be established only by clear and convincing evidence.

Section 5804.08 | Trust to provide for care of animal.

...(A) A trust may be created to provide for the care of an animal alive during the settlor's lifetime. The trust terminates upon the death of the animal or, if the trust was created to provide for the care of more than one animal alive during the settlor's lifetime, upon the death of the last surviving animal. (B) A person appointed in the terms of a trust or, if no person is so appointed, a person appointed by the co...

Section 5804.09 | Trust created for noncharitable purpose.

...her section of the Revised Code: (A) A trust may be created for a noncharitable purpose without a definite or definitely ascertainable beneficiary or for a noncharitable but otherwise valid purpose to be selected by the trustee. A trust created for a noncharitable purpose may not be enforced for more than twenty-one years. (B) A trust authorized by this section may be enforced by a person appointed in the terms of ...

Section 5804.10 | Termination of trust by revocation or by terms.

...04.11 to 5804.14 of the Revised Code, a trust terminates to the extent the trust is revoked or expires pursuant to its terms, a court determines that no purpose of the trust remains to be achieved, or a court determines that the purposes of the trust have become unlawful or impossible to achieve. (B) A trustee or beneficiary may commence a proceeding to approve or disapprove a proposed modification or termination un...

Section 5804.11 | Termination or modification of noncharitable irrevocable trust.

... all consents, including any given by representatives under Chapter 5803. of the Revised Code, are valid, and that all parties giving consent are competent to do so, the court shall enter an order approving the modification or termination even if the modification or termination is inconsistent with a material purpose of the trust. An agent under a power of attorney may exercise a settlor's power to consent to a trust...

Section 5804.12 | Judicial action due to change of circumstances.

... Code, that refer to the federal estate tax, federal generation-skipping transfer tax, or Ohio estate tax, or that contain a division of property based on the imposition or amount of one or more of those taxes, to give effect to the intent of the settlor.

Section 5804.13 | Judicial action where charitable purpose frustrated.

...n interest. (3) The court may apply cy pres to modify or terminate the trust by directing that the trust property be applied or distributed, in whole or in part, in a manner consistent with the settlor's charitable purposes. In accordance with section 109.25 of the Revised Code, the attorney general is a necessary party to a judicial proceeding brought under this section. (B) A provision in the terms of a char...

Section 5804.14 | Termination or modification where costs exceed value.

...fied in the terms of the trust for the premature termination of the trust. If there is no provision of that nature in the terms of the trust, the trustee shall distribute the trust estate among the beneficiaries of the trust in accordance with their respective beneficial interests and in a manner that the trustee determines to be equitable. For purposes of distributing the trust estate among the beneficiar...

Section 5804.15 | Reformation to conform to settlor's intention.

... a mistake of fact or law, whether in expression or inducement.

Section 5804.16 | Modification to achieve settlor's tax objectives.

...es, the court may modify the terms of a trust in a manner that is not contrary to the settlor's probable intention. The court may provide that the modification has retroactive effect.

Section 5804.17 | Combination or division of trusts.

...tice to the qualified beneficiaries, a trustee may combine two or more trusts into a single trust or divide a trust into two or more separate trusts if the result does not substantially impair the rights of any beneficiary or have a materially adverse effect on the achievement of the purposes of the trust.

Section 5804.18 | When certain trust is irrevocable.

...A trust described in 42 U.S.C. 1396p(d)(4) is irrevocable if the terms of the trust prohibit the settlor from revoking it, whether or not the settlor's estate or the settlor's heirs are named as the remainder beneficiary or beneficiaries of the trust upon the settlor's death.

Section 5805.01 | Validity and effect of spendthrift provisions.

...y's interest only with the consent of a trustee who is not the beneficiary. (B) A term of a trust providing that the interest of a beneficiary is held subject to a "spendthrift trust," or words of similar import, is sufficient to restrain both voluntary and involuntary transfer of the beneficiary's interest. (C) A beneficiary may not transfer an interest in a trust in violation of a valid spendthrift provisio...

Section 5805.02 | Enforceability and enforcement of spendthrift provisions.

...btain from the court an order attaching present or future distributions to or for the benefit of the beneficiary. The court may limit the award to the relief that is appropriate under the circumstances, considering among any other factors determined appropriate by the court the support needs of the beneficiary, the beneficiary's spouse, and the beneficiary's dependent children or, with respect to a beneficiary who is...