Ohio Revised Code Search

...(A) Where the buyer receives notification of a material or indefinite delay or an allocation justified under section 1302.73 of the Revised Code, he may by written notification to the seller as to any delivery concerned, and where the prospective deficiency substantially impairs the value of the whole contract under section 1302.70 of the Revised Code relating to breach of installment contracts, then also as to the w...

...Remedies for breach of any obligation or promise collateral or ancillary to a contract for sale are not impaired by the provisions of sections 1302.01 to 1302.98, inclusive, of the Revised Code.

...(A) Where the seller discovers the buyer to be insolvent he may refuse delivery except for cash including payment for all goods theretofore delivered under the contract, and stop delivery under section 1302.79 of the Revised Code. (B) Where the seller discovers that the buyer has received goods on credit while insolvent he may reclaim the goods upon demand made within ten days after the receipt, but if misrepresenta...

...Where the buyer wrongfully rejects or revokes acceptance of goods or fails to make a payment due on or before delivery or repudiates with respect to a part or the whole, then with respect to any goods directly affected and, if the breach is of the whole contract under section 1302.70 of the Revised Code, then also with respect to the whole undelivered balance, the aggrieved seller may: (A) withhold delivery of such ...

...(A) An aggrieved seller under section 1302.77 of the Revised Code may: (1) identify to the contract conforming goods not already identified if at the time he learned of the breach they are in his possession or control; (2) treat as the subject of resale goods which have demonstrably been intended for the particular contract even though those goods are unfinished. (B) Where the goods are unfinished an aggrieved ...

...(A) The seller may stop delivery of goods in the possession of a carrier or other bailee when he discovers the buyer to be insolvent as provided in section 1302.76 of the Revised Code and may stop delivery of carload, truckload, planeload, or larger shipments of express or freight when the buyer repudiates or fails to make a payment due before delivery or if for any other reason the seller has a right to withho...

...nless otherwise agreed resale may be at public or private sale including sale by way of one or more contracts to sell or of identification to an existing contract of the seller. Sale may be as a unit or in parcels and at any time and place and on any terms but every aspect of the sale including the method, manner, time, place, and terms must be commercially reasonable. The resale must be reasonably identified as refe...

...(A) A "person in the position of a seller" includes as against a principal an agent who has paid or become responsible for the price of goods on behalf of his principal or anyone who otherwise holds a security interest or other right in goods similar to that of a seller. (B) A person in the position of a seller may withhold or stop delivery as provided in section 1302.79 of the Revised Code and resell as provided in...

...(A) Subject to division (B) of this section and to the provisions of section 1302.97 of the Revised Code with respect to proof of market price, the measure of damages for non-acceptance or repudiation by the buyer is the difference between the market price at the time and place for tender and the unpaid contract price together with any incidental damages provided in section 1302.84 of the Revised Code, but less expen...

...(A) When the buyer fails to pay the price as it becomes due the seller may recover, together with any incidental damages under section 1302.84 of the Revised Code, the price: (1) of goods accepted or of conforming goods lost or damaged within a commercially reasonable time after risk of their loss has passed to the buyer; and (2) of goods identified to the contract if the seller is unable after reasonable effort to...

...Incidental damages to an aggrieved seller include any commercially reasonable charges, expenses, or commissions incurred in stopping delivery, in the transportation, care, and custody of goods after the buyer's breach, in connection with return or resale of the goods or otherwise resulting from the breach.

...(A) Where the seller fails to make delivery or repudiates or the buyer rightfully rejects or justifiably revokes acceptance then with respect to any goods involved, and with respect to the whole if the breach goes to the whole contract, as provided in section 1302.70 of the Revised Code, the buyer may cancel and whether or not he has done so may in addition to recovering so much of the price as has been paid: (1) "c...

...(A) After a breach within the preceding section, the buyer may "cover" by making in good faith and without unreasonable delay any reasonable purchase of or contract to purchase goods in substitution for those due from the seller. (B) The buyer may recover from the seller as damages the difference between the cost of cover and the contract price together with any incidental or consequential damages as defined in sect...

...(A) Subject to the provisions of section 1302.97 of the Revised Code, with respect to proof of market price, the measure of damages for non-delivery or repudiation by the seller is the difference between the market price at the time when the buyer learned of the breach and the contract price together with any incidental and consequential damages provided in section 1302.89 of the Revised Code, but less expenses saved...

...(A) Where the buyer has accepted goods and given notification as provided in division (C) of section 1302.65 of the Revised Code, he may recover as damages for any non-conformity of tender the loss resulting in the ordinary course of events from the seller's breach as determined in any manner which is reasonable. (B) The measure of damages for breach of warranty is the difference at the time and place of acceptance ...

...(A) Incidental damages resulting from the seller's breach include expenses reasonably incurred in inspection, receipt, transportation, and care and custody of goods rightfully rejected, any commercially reasonable charges, expenses, or commissions in connection with effecting cover and any other reasonable expense incident to the delay or other breach. (B) Consequential damages resulting from the seller's breach inc...

...(A) Specific performance may be decreed where the goods are unique or in other proper circumstances. (B) The decree for specific performance may include such terms and conditions as to payment of the price, damages, or other relief as the court may deem just. (C) The buyer has a right of replevin for goods identified to the contract if after reasonable effort the buyer is unable to effect cover for such goods or t...

...The buyer on notifying the seller of his intention to do so may deduct all or any part of the damages resulting from any breach of the contract from any part of the price still due under the same contract.

...(A) Damages for breach by either party may be liquidated in the agreement but only at an amount which is reasonable in the light of the anticipated or actual harm caused by the breach, the difficulties of proof of loss, and the inconvenience or non-feasibility of otherwise obtaining an adequate remedy. A term fixing unreasonably large liquidated damages is void as a penalty. (B) Where the seller justifiably withhold...

...(A) Subject to the provisions of divisions (B) and (C) of this section and of section 1302.92 of the Revised Code on liquidation and limitation of damages, both of the following apply: (1) The agreement may provide for remedies in addition to or in substitution for those provided in sections 1302.01 to 1302.98 of the Revised Code and may limit or alter the measure of damages recoverable under those sections, as by l...

...Unless the contrary intention clearly appears, expressions of "cancellation" or "rescission" of the contract or the like shall not be construed as a renunciation or discharge of any claim in damages for an antecedent breach.

...Remedies for material misrepresentation or fraud include all remedies available under sections 1302.01 to 1302.98, inclusive, of the Revised Code for non-fraudulent breach. Neither rescission or a claim for rescission of the contract for sale nor rejection or return of the goods shall bar or be deemed inconsistent with a claim for damages or other remedy.

...Where a third party so deals with goods which have been identified to a contract for sale as to cause actionable injury to a party to that contract: (A) a right of action against the third party is in either party to the contract for sale who has title to or a security interest or a special property or an insurable interest in the goods; and if the goods have been destroyed or converted a right of action is also in ...

...market is in issue, reports in official publications or trade journals or in newspapers or periodicals of general circulation published as the reports of such market shall be admissible in evidence. The circumstances of the preparation of such a report may be shown to affect its weight but not its admissibility.

...(A) An action for breach of any contract for sale must be commenced within four years after the cause of action has accrued. By the original agreement the parties may reduce the period of limitation to not less than one year but may not extend it. (B) A cause of action accrues when the breach occurs, regardless of the aggrieved party's lack of knowledge of the breach. A breach of warranty occurs when tender of deliv...

...oss at grade, if, in the opinion of the public utilities commission, public safety requires protection, the commission, upon its own motion or upon complaint, after notice to the railroads interested and full investigation, may make an order requiring the railroads so intersecting and crossing to install such devices as in the opinion of the commission will properly protect such crossing. The commission may make any...

...ring, the commission shall enter upon a record book or docket kept for that purpose an order granting or denying the petition. If the petition is granted, such order shall prescribe the interlocking or other safety devices for such crossing and all other matters deemed proper for the efficient protection of such crossing, and shall prescribe the proportion of the cost of construction and of the expense of maintaining...

...s or other fixtures satisfactory to the public utilities commission at such crossing, and pay the costs of such fixtures and the expenses of installing them. The maintenance and operation of such fixtures shall be apportioned equally between the railroads by the commission. This section does not apply to crossings of sidetracks only.

...When interlocking works or other fixtures are constructed and maintained in compliance with law by railroads and electric railways where railroads referred to in section 4907.54 of the Revised Code cross each other, engines, trains, or cars of an electric railway may be run over such crossing without stopping.

...glecting to comply with an order of the public utilities commission concerning the protection of persons and property from danger at grade crossings of any such railroad over another, or over a swing bridge or drawbridge and at junction points, by providing interlocking works or other fixtures, shall forfeit five hundred dollars per week for each week such railroad refuses or neglects to obey such orders. Such forfei...

...such railroad, may be submitted to the public utilities commission by a formal complaint. Such complaint shall be made upon blank forms which the commission shall provide upon demand of the claimant. Such complaint shall be verified as petitions in civil actions and may be accompanied by the sworn statements of any witnesses who have knowledge of any fact material to the inquiry. Upon the filing of such compl...

...clerk shall enter up the finding of the public utilities commission as a judgment which shall be in all respects treated as a judgment at law with all the incidents thereof and upon which execution may issue as in other cases. If said matter is docketed for trial the action shall proceed as in other civil actions for damages except that upon trial a copy of the findings and order of the commission, duly certified by...

...Upon request of the public utilities commission, the attorney general or the prosecuting attorney of the proper county shall aid in an investigation, prosecution, hearing, or trial had under Chapters 4901., 4903., 4905., 4907., and 4909. of the Revised Code, and shall institute and prosecute necessary actions or proceedings for the enforcement of such chapters and of other laws of this state relating to railroa...

...awful requirement or order made by the public utilities commission or order of any court upon application of the commission, the railroad, except as otherwise specifically provided in section 4905.95 of the Revised Code, shall forfeit into the state treasury not less than one hundred nor more than ten thousand dollars for each violation or failure. In construing and enforcing this section, the act, omission, o...

...Except as otherwise specifically provided in sections 4905.96 and 4923.99 of the Revised Code, when the attorney general prosecutes an action for the recovery of a forfeiture provided for in Chapter 4901., 4903., 4905., 4907., 4909., 4921., 4923., or 4959. of the Revised Code, the attorney general may bring the action in the court of common pleas of Franklin county or of any county having jurisdiction of the d...

...If a railroad does, causes, or permits anything prohibited by Chapters 4901., 4903., 4905., 4907., and 4909. of the Revised Code to be done, or omits doing anything required to be done by such chapters, such railroad is liable to the person, firm, or corporation injured thereby in treble the amount of damages sustained in consequence of such violation or omission. A recovery provided by this section shall not a...

...r employee in an official capacity of a public utility or railroad shall knowingly violate section 4907.43 of the Revised Code, or willfully fail to comply with any lawful order or direction of the public utilities commission made with respect to any public utility or railroad. Each day's continuance of such failure is a separate offense.

...(A) Whoever violates section 4907.21 of the Revised Code shall be fined not less than one hundred nor more than one thousand dollars. (B) Whoever violates section 4907.22 of the Revised Code shall be fined not less than five hundred nor more than one thousand dollars. (C) Whoever violates section 4907.32 of the Revised Code shall be fined not less than fifty nor more than five hundred dollars. (D) Whoever violates...

...As used in this chapter: (A) "Public utility" has the same meaning as in section 4905.02 of the Revised Code. (B) "Electric light company," "gas company," "natural gas company," "pipeline company," "water-works company," "sewage disposal system company," and "street railway company" have the same meanings as in section 4905.03 of the Revised Code. (C) "Railroad" has the same meaning as in section 4907.02 of ...

...f railroad companies prescribed by the public utilities commission shall be in force and be prima-facie reasonable, unless suspended or found otherwise in an action brought for that purpose pursuant to Chapters 4901., 4903., 4905., 4907., and 4909. of the Revised Code, or until changed or modified by the commission.

...ates of railroad companies fixed by the public utilities commission shall be in force and be prima-facie lawful for two years from the day they take effect, or until changed or modified by the commission or by an order of a competent court in an action under Chapters 4901., 4903., 4905., 4907., and 4909. of the Revised Code.

...orts of engineers, and other documents, records, and papers, or copies of any of them, in aid of any investigation and ascertainment of the value of its property; (2) Grant to the commission or its agents free access to all of its premises and property and its accounts, records, and memoranda whenever and wherever requested by any such authorized agent; (3) Cooperate with and aid the commission and its agents in ...

...nt" is an agreement pursuant to which a public utility leasing property is required to make rental payments for the term of the agreement and either the utility is granted the right to purchase the property upon the completion of the term of the agreement and upon the payment of an additional fixed sum of money or title to the property vests in the utility upon the making of the final rental payment. (B) A "leaseba...

...ection 4909.18 of the Revised Code, the public utilities commission shall prescribe the form and details of the valuation report of the property of the company. Such report shall include all the kinds and classes of property, with the value of each, owned, held, or projected to be owned or held during the test period, by the company for the service and convenience of the public. (B) Such report shall contain the f...

...(A) With respect to every public utility, the public utilities commission shall prescribe the form and details of the valuation report of the property of each public utility or railroad in the state. Such report shall include all the kinds and classes of property, with the value of each, owned, held, or, with respect to a natural gas, water-works, or sewage disposal system company, projected to be owned or held as of...

...As used in sections 4909.052 to 4909.055 of the Revised Code: "Large water-works or sewage disposal system company" means a water-works or sewage disposal system company that has annual operating revenues of two hundred fifty thousand dollars or more. "Municipal water-works or sewage disposal system company" means any water-works or sewage disposal system company owned or operated by a political subdivision defin...

...such costs are just and reasonable, the public utilities commission in evaluating a petition submitted under section 4905.481 of the Revised Code shall accept the original cost, reported under division (B)(3) of section 4909.05 of the Revised Code, of the acquisition of a municipal water-works or sewage disposal system company that is acquired by a large water-works or sewage disposal system company, provided that th...

...Each utility-valuation expert employed under section 4909.052 of the Revised Code shall return the appraisal required under that section, in writing, to both companies described in that section in a reasonable and timely manner. All appraisals shall be included in any filing associated with the acquisition under section 4905.481 or 4909.052 of the Revised Code.

...ction 4909.052 of the Revised Code, the public utilities commission shall maintain a list of utility-valuation experts from which a water-works or sewage disposal system company may choose. The commission shall be responsible for creating and maintaining reasonable criteria that must be met to be included in the list.

...covery in a manner as determined by the public utilities commission. In determining the prudence of costs under this section, the commission shall give due regard to the circumstances of the case, including the size and complexity of, and any particular difficulties associated with, the valuation.