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Rule 4123:1-3-01 | Scope and definitions.
(A) Scope. The purpose of this chapter of the Administrative
Code is to provide safety for life, limb and health of employees engaged in
construction activity. Activities within the scope of this chapter,
generally referred to herein as "construction", include: the
demolition, dismantling, excavation, construction, erection, alteration,
repair, painting, decorating, glazing, cleaning, and pointing of buildings and
other structures and the installation of machinery or equipment and all
operations in connection therewith; the excavation, construction, alteration
and repair of subways, sewers, tunnels, trenches, caissons, conduits,
pipelines, roads, and all operations pertaining thereto; the moving of
buildings, signs, and other structures; and to the construction, alteration,
repair, or removal of wharfs, piers, abutments, or any other construction,
alteration, repair, or removal work carried on, in, about, or over
water. This chapter covers construction activities of
employees whose employer engages in such work as its principal business. This
chapter also covers employees of other employers when the activities are
performed in the course of new construction or substantial reconstruction of
all or part of an existing structure, as well as substantial demolition or
razing of an existing structure. This chapter does not cover employees of
employers when the activities are performed in the ordinary course of
maintenance work. This chapter shall not apply to the electric
utility industry, contractors, and subcontractors when engaged in the
installation and maintenance of electric supply lines or the transmission and
distribution of electric power in such lines between the outlet of the
generating station and the outlet side of the meter through which such power is
measured to a retail customer. Installations, construction equipment, or
constructions built or contracted for prior to the effective date of any
specific requirement shall be deemed to comply with the provisions of this
chapter, if such installations or constructions comply either with the
provisions of this chapter or with the provisions of any applicable chapter
which was in effect prior to said date. (B) Definitions. (1) "Air
contaminants" means concentrations of dust, mist, fume, gas, or vapor, or
any combination thereof when suspended in the atmosphere. (2) "Approved"
means accepted or certified by a nationally recognized testing laboratory, such
as "UL Solutions," "FM Approvals," or a responsible
government agency. (3) "Danger
zone" means the point of operation where a known hazard
exists. (4) "Department,
division, section, or group" means a number of employees that are a
separate part or branch of a government, business, school, or other
organization, classified together because of a common characteristic or
function. (5) "Equipment"
means and includes all machinery, tools, mechanical devices, derricks, hoists,
conveyors, scaffolds, platforms, runways, ladders, and related safeguards and
protective construction used in connection with construction
operations. (6) "Equivalent" means alternative designs, materials,
or methods to protect against a hazard which the employer can demonstrate will
provide an equal or greater degree of safety for employees than the design,
materials, or methods specified in the standard. (7) "Exposed to
contact" means that the location of the material or object during the
course of operation is accessible to the employee in performance of his regular
or assigned duty. (8) "Factor of
safety" means the ratio between the ultimate breaking strength and the
working stress of the material, structure or device. For example, the term
"factor of safety of four" means the materials, structure or device
is constructed of such strength that the maximum load will be one-fourth the
designed ultimate breaking load. Where other factors of safety appear they will
apply in the same manner. The standards of the "American Society for
Testing and Materials" will be used in determining the strength of
material except as otherwise provided herein. (9) "Fire-resistant" means material or construction
which resists failure because of high temperatures and which prevents or
retards the passage of high temperatures, hot gases, or flames. (10) "Ground
connection" means the equipment used in establishing a path between an
electric circuit or equipment and earth. A ground connection consists of a
ground conductor, a ground electrode, and the earth which surrounds the
electrode. (11) "Grounded"
means connected to the earth or to some conducting body that serves in place of
the earth. (12) "Grounded
effectively" means permanently connected to earth through a ground
connection or connections of sufficiently low impedance and having sufficient
current-carrying capacity to prevent the building up of voltages which may
result in undue hazard to connected equipment or to employees. (13) "Guard"
means the covering, fencing, railing, or enclosure which shields an object from
accidental contact. (14) "Guarded"
means that the object is covered, fenced, railed or otherwise shielded from
accidental contact. (15) "Hazardous
concentrations," as applied to air contaminants, means concentrations of
air contaminants which are in excess of established occupational exposure
limits. (16) "Lanyard"
means a flexible line of rope, wire rope, or strap which generally has a
connector at each end for connecting the body belt or body harness to a life
line or anchorage, or for a body harness, to a deceleration
device. (17) "Operator" means any
employee assigned to work at the specific equipment. (18) "Personal fall
arrest system" means a system used to arrest an employee in a fall from a
walking or working surface. It consists of a safety harness as defined in rule
4123:1-3-03 of the Administrative Code, anchorage, and connector. The means of
connection may include a lanyard, deceleration device, lifeline, or suitable
combination of these. (19) "Pinch point" or
"shear point"means any point at which it is possible to be caught
between the moving parts of a machine, or between the moving and stationary
parts of a machine, or between the material and the moving parts of a
machine. (20) "Point of operation" means
the point at which material is placed in or removed from the
machine. (21) "Protective equipment"
means any appliance used or required to be used to prevent injury to
employees. (22) "Provide" means to make
available. (23) "Rope, wire (haulage)"
means wire rope which is to be used only on inclined planes, for dragging
objects along the ground, and only where the rope is not subjected to repeated
bending. (24) "Rope, wire (hoisting)"
means wire rope to be used on cranes, derricks, dredges, draglines and power
shovels in lifting operations. (25) "Securely fastened" means
that the object referred to shall be substantially fixed in place. (26) "Shall" shall be construed
as mandatory. (27) "Standard guardrail" means
a substantial barrier, constructed in accordance with paragraph (E) of rule
4123:1-3-04 of the Administrative Code. (a) "Top rail" means the top lateral member of a
standard guardrail. (b) "Intermediate rail" means the lateral member or
members of a standard guardrail, installed at intervals of no more than
twenty-one inches (53.3 centimeters). (28) "Structure" means that
which is built or constructed, an edifice or building of any kind, or any piece
of work artificially built up or composed of parts joined together in some
definite manner. (29) "Substantial" means
construction of such strength, of such materials, and of such workmanship that
the object will withstand the wear, usage, or shock for which it is
designed. (30) "Toeboard" means a vertical
barrier erected along the exposed edges of a floor opening, platform, runway,
ramp, or scaffold to prevent falls of material. (31) "Walkway" means a cleared
passageway for ingress and egress for employees between two given
points. (32) "Wall opening" means an
opening no less than eighteen inches (45.7 centimeters) in its horizontal
dimension in any wall, where the outside bottom edge of the wall opening is six
feet (1.8 meters) or more above lower levels and the inside bottom edge of the
wall opening is less than thirty-nine inches (one meter) above the walking or
working surface.
Last updated June 30, 2025 at 7:51 AM
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Rule 4123:1-3-02 | Temporary storage and disposal.
(A) Reserved. (B) Reserved. (C) Temporary storage. (1) All materials stored
in tiers shall be stacked, racked, blocked, interlocked, or otherwise secured
to prevent sliding, falling, or collapse. (2) Material stored
inside buildings under construction shall not be placed within six feet (1.8
meters) of any hoistway or inside floor openings, nor within ten feet (three
meters) of an exterior wall which does not extend above the top of the material
stored. (3) Bagged materials
shall be stacked by stepping back the layers and cross-keying the bags at least
every ten bags high. (4) Lumber piles shall
not exceed twenty feet (6.1 meters) in height provided that lumber to be
handled manually shall not be stacked more than sixteen feet (4.9 meters)
high. (5) Structural steel,
poles, pipe, bar stock, and other cylindrical materials, unless racked, shall
be stacked and blocked so as to prevent spreading or tilting. (D) Disposal. (1) During the course of
construction, alteration, or repairs, form and scrap lumber with protruding
nails, and all other debris, shall be kept cleared from work areas,
passageways, and stairs in and around buildings or other
structures. (2) Containers shall be
provided for the collection of waste, trash, oily and used rags, and other
refuse. Containers used for oily, flammable, or hazardous wastes, such as
caustics, acids, or harmful dusts, shall be equipped with covers.
Last updated June 30, 2025 at 7:52 AM
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Rule 4123:1-3-03 | Personal protective equipment.
(A) Scope. The requirements of this rule relate to the
personal protective equipment listed in this paragraph, as required for
employees on operations described in this rule in which there is a known
hazard, recognized as injurious to the health or safety of the employee. (1) Eye and face
protection. (2) Foot and toe
protection. (3) Respiratory
protection, such as respirators, masks, canister type masks, or supplied-air
helmets for protection of the respiratory system from inhalation of particulate
matter, noxious gases and vapors, and oxygen deficiency. Although this rule
does not cover engineered protective measures such as heating, ventilation, and
exhaust equipment that are addressed in rule 4123:1-3-18 of the Administrative
Code, exposure control shall be accomplished as far as is feasible by accepted
engineering methods before considering or instituting use of
respirators. (4) Head and hair
protection, which includes all operations where employees are required to be
present in areas where a hazard to their head exists from falling or flying
objects, from physical contact from rigid objects, or from exposures where
there is a risk of injury from electrical shock or hair
entanglement. (5) Protective
clothing. (6) Hearing
protection. (7) Safety belts, safety
harnesses, lifelines, and lanyards. (8) Seat
belts. (9) Safety
nets. (10) Working over or near
water. (B) Definitions. (1) "Head protection
devices" means any device that meets the American national standards
institute (ANSI) Z89.1-1997 or any revisions to that standard. (2) "Lanyard"
means a flexible line of rope, wire rope, or strap, which generally has a
connector at each end for connecting the body belt or body harness to a
deceleration device, lifeline, or anchorage. (3) "Lifeline"
means a component consisting of a flexible line for connection to an anchorage
at one end to hang vertically (vertical lifeline), or for connection to
anchorages at both ends to stretch horizontally (horizontal lifeline), and
which serves as a means for connecting other components of a personal fall
arrest system to the anchorage. (4) "Optical
density" or "O.D." means the light refractive characteristics of
a lens. (5) "Radiant
energy" means energy that travels outward in all directions from its
sources. (6) "Respiratory
devices" means any of the following devices: (a) "Air-purifying respirator" means a respirator with
an air-purifying filter, cartridge, or canister that removes specific air
contaminants by passing ambient air through the air-purifying
element. (b) "Assigned protection factor" or "APF"
means the workplace level of respiratory protection that a respirator or class
of respirators is expected to provide to employees when the employer implements
a continuing, effective respiratory protection program as specified by this
rule. (c) "Atmosphere-supplying respirator" means a
respirator that supplies the respirator user with breathing air from a source
independent of the ambient atmosphere and includes supplied-air respirators and
self-contained breathing apparatus units. (d) "Canister" or "cartridge" means a
container with a filter, sorbent, or catalyst, or combination of these items,
which removes specific contaminants from the air passed through the
container. (e) "Demand respirator" means an atmosphere-supplying
respirator that admits breathing air to the facepiece only when a negative
pressure is created inside the facepiece by inhalation. (f) "Escape-only respirator" means a respirator
intended to be used only for emergency exit. (g) "Filter" or "air-purifying element" means
a component used in respirators to remove solid or liquid aerosols from the
inspired air. (h) "Filtering facepiece "or" dust mask"
means a negative pressure particulate respirator with either a filter as an
integral part of the facepiece or with the entire facepiece composed of the
filtering medium. (i) "Positive pressure respirator" means a respirator
in which the pressure inside the respiratory inlet covering exceeds the ambient
air pressure outside the respirator. (j) "Powered air-purifying respirator "or"
PAPR" means an air-purifying respirator that uses a blower to force the
ambient air through air-purifying elements to the inlet covering. (k) "Supplied-air respirator," "SAR," or
"airline respirator" means an atmosphere-supplying respirator for
which the source of breathing air is not designed to be carried by the
user. (l) "Self-contained breathing apparatus" or
"SCBA" means an atmosphere-supplying respirator for which the source
of breathing air is designed to be carried by the user. (7) "Safety
belt" or "body belt" means a device worn around the body which,
by reason of its attachment to a lanyard and lifeline or a structure, will
prevent an employee from falling. (8) "Safety
harness" or "body harness" means a design of straps which may be
secured about the employee in a manner that will distribute the fall arrest
forces over at least the thighs, pelvis, waist, chest, and shoulders with means
for attaching it to the other components of a personal fall arrest
system. (C) Specific requirements of general
application. (1) Personal protective
equipment furnished by the employer shall be issued to the employee in sanitary
and proper condition so that it will effectively protect against the hazard
involved. (2) Where employees
provide their own protective equipment, such equipment shall give equal or
greater protection than that furnished by the employer. (D) Eye and face protection. (1) Responsibilities. The employer shall provide eye protection for
all employees engaged in the operations listed in paragraph (D)(2) of this rule
and exposed to an eye hazard. Eye protection shall also be provided for any
other employees required to work in the immediate area and who are exposed to
the hazards of the operations listed. It shall be the responsibility of the
employee to use the eye protection provided by the employer. See sections
4101.12 and 4101.13 of the Revised Code. See also Table 3-1 of the appendix to
this rule for "Eye and Face Protector Selection Guide". (2) Operations requiring
eye protection. (a) Eye protection shall be provided to employees performing the
following operations: (i) When using hand tools
or mechanical equipment to cut, chip, drill, clean, buff, grind, polish, shape,
or surface masonry, plaster, stone, plastics, or other hardened substances,
which includes demolition work where the materials listed are part of the
operation; (ii) Where acids, sand,
or shot blast are used in building cleaning operations; (iii) Welding or cutting
operations involving the use of gas flames or electric arc, and for all
electric welding operations, the employer shall provide suitable helmets,
hoods, or hand shields. (See Table 3-1 and Table 3-2 of the appendix to this
rule); (iv) Where portland
cement or similar dust-producing material is taken from an elevated bin,
hopper, or similar structure by a chute; (v) All spray paint
operations where the employee's eyes are exposed to paint mist in the
atmosphere; (vi) All sand or shot
blast operations where the employee's eyes are exposed to the
blasting; (vii) In the handling of
molten metal, hot tars, hot pitch, hot asphalt, hot plastic, or similar hot
substances; (viii) Dressing grinding
wheels; (ix) Cleaning operations
where wire wheels are used; (x) In handling injurious
acids, alkalis, or other chemicals; (xi) When working in
close proximity to a laser beam in excess of five milliwatts (five millijoules
per second); (xii) Cutting, drilling,
turning, planing, jointing, and sanding of wood with power tools; (xiii) Operations of
portable explosive-actuated fastening tools and portable pneumatically powered
fasteners; and (xiv) Operations
requiring the use of compressed air for cleaning purposes. (b) This rule does not apply where a shield or exhaust equipment
provides adequate eye protection for employees otherwise exposed to the hazards
covered in paragraphs (D)(2)(a)(i) to (D)(2)(a)(xiv) of this rule. (3) Face
shields. Face shields may be used only in conjunction
with safety glasses or goggles where additional protection for the face is
necessary. (4) Material requirements
for eye and face protection shall meet ANSI Z87.1-1968 or any revisions to that
standard. (5) Laser
protection. The employer shall provide laser safety goggles
which will protect the employee from direct or reflected laser light equal to
or greater than five milliwatts (five millijoules per second) per square
centimeter. The laser safety goggles shall provide protection for the specific
wavelength of the laser and be of optical density adequate for the energy
involved. Table 3-3 of the appendix to this rule lists the maximum power or
energy density for which adequate protection is afforded by glasses of optical
densities from five through eight. Output levels falling between lines in this
table shall require the higher density. (a) Labeling of eye protection. All protective goggles shall bear a label
identifying the following data: (i) The laser wavelength
for which use is intended; (ii) The optical density
of those wavelengths; and (iii) The visible light
transmission. (b) Labeling of laser equipment. The employer shall furnish equipment provided
with labels containing the following minimum information for continuous-wave,
or "cw," lasers: (i) Wavelength or
wavelength range; (ii) Emergent beam
size; (iii) Beam
divergence; (iv) Maximum average
power output; (v) Maximum emergency
beam irradiance; (vi) Manufacturer's
name and address; and (vii) Product
identification number. (c) Posting. The employer shall post standard laser
warning placard notices in prominent locations in which lasers are being
operated. For examples, see example 3-A and example 3-B of the appendix to this
rule. (d) Beam shutters or caps shall be utilized, or the laser turned
off, when laser transmission is not actually required. When the laser is left
unattended for a substantial period of time, such as during lunch hour,
overnight or at change of shifts, the laser shall be turned off. (e) Atmospheric conditions. When it is raining or snowing, or when there
is dust or fog in the air, the operation of laser systems shall be prohibited
where practicable; in any event, employees shall be kept out of range of the
area of source and target during such weather conditions. (E) Foot and toe protection. Foot protection shall be worn by the employee
where an employee is exposed to machinery or equipment that represents a foot
hazard or where an employee is handling material which presents a foot hazard.
Safety toe and footwear for employees shall meet the requirements and
specifications in ANSI Z41.1-1967 or any revisions to that standard. (F) Respiratory equipment. (1) The employer shall
furnish approved respiratory equipment where there are air contaminants as
defined in paragraph (B)(1) of this rule. It shall be the responsibility of the
employee to use the respirator or respiratory equipment provided by the
employer, to guard the respirator or respiratory equipment against damage, and
to report any malfunction to the employer. See Table 3-4 and Table 3-5 of the
appendix to this rule for basic guides for the selection of
respirators. (2) This requirement does
not apply where an effective exhaust system or other means of equal or greater
protection has been provided. (G) Head and hair
protection. (1) Responsibilities. (a) Employer. (i) Whenever employees
are required to be present in areas where the potential hazard mentioned in
paragraph (A)(4) of this rule are present, employers shall provide them with
head protection devices or hair enclosures. (ii) Where required, head
protection shall meet the requirements of ANSI Z89.1-1969 or any revisions to
that standard. (iii) When required, employers shall provide accessories
designed for use with protective headgear which are suitable for their intended
purpose. (iv) Protective helmets and bump caps, or parts thereof, and
hair enclosures shall be sanitized before reissue, and damaged parts of
protective headgear shall be replaced. (b) Employees. Employees shall not alter any head or hair
protective equipment that lessens its effectiveness and shall use the head or
hair protective equipment in accordance with instructions and training
received. (2) Hair enclosures. (a) A hat, cap, or net shall be worn where there is danger of
hair entanglement in moving parts of machinery or equipment, or where there is
exposure to means of ignition. The hat, cap, or net shall be designed to
enclose all loose hair and be adjustable to accommodate all head sizes.
Material used for a hair enclosure shall be durable, fast-dyed, nonirritating
to the skin, and capable of withstanding frequent cleaning. Hair enclosures
shall not be reissued from one employee to another unless they have been
thoroughly sanitized. (b) Hair enclosures used in areas where there is exposure to
sparks, hot or molten metals, or ignition from heat, flames, or chemical
reaction shall be made of materials that are nonburning or flame retardant and
do not melt. (H) Protective clothing. (1) When handling
chemicals injurious to the skin. The employer shall provide rubber or plastic
gloves, sleeves, and aprons for all operations involving the handling of
injurious concentrations of acids, alkalis, epoxy, or similar
substances. (2) Welding, cutting,
brazing, and molten metal exposures. (a) All employees exposed to the hazards created by welding,
cutting, brazing, or molten metal operations shall be protected by personal
protective equipment. (b) Specified protective clothing. (i) The employer shall
provide durable flame-resistant gloves for all welders and oxygen cutters.
Insulated linings shall be provided when the employee is exposed to high
radiant energy. (ii) The employer shall
provide cape sleeves or shoulder covers with bibs made of leather or other
flame-resistant materials for employees required to perform overhead welding or
cutting operations. (iii) Clothing treated
with nondurable, flame-retardant materials shall be treated after each wetting
or cleaning. (3) When working by hand
on electrical circuits, protector gloves shall be worn over insulating gloves,
except as follows: (a) Unless deenergized and grounded, the employer shall provide
electricians' rubber gloves with protectors, or other means of insulating
employees from ground or current of opposite polarity when working on circuits
in excess of two hundred fifty volts. (b) Protector gloves need not be used with Class 0 gloves, under
limited-use conditions, when small equipment and parts manipulation necessitate
unusually high finger dexterity. (c) If the voltage does not exceed two hundred fifty volts,
alternating current, or three hundred seventy-five volts, direct current,
protector gloves need not be used with Class 00 gloves, under limited-use
conditions, when small equipment and parts manipulation necessitate unusually
high finger dexterity. (d) Any other class of glove may be used without protector
gloves, under limited-use conditions, when small equipment and parts
manipulation necessitate unusually high finger dexterity, but only if the
employer can demonstrate that the possibility of physical damage to the gloves
is small, and the class of glove is one class higher than that required for the
voltage involved. (e) Insulating gloves that have been used without protector
gloves may not be reused until they have been tested under the provisions of
ASTM international F496-14a or any revisions to that standard. (4) When handling hot
asphaltic materials. The employer shall provide suitable foot
protection to prevent burns when employees are required to handle hot asphaltic
materials. (I) Hearing protection. Employees exposed to continuous noise levels of
ninety or more decibels, A-scale (dBA), slow response shall be provided with
approved ear protection. If ear plugs that require fitting are provided, the
ear plugs shall be fitted to the individual employee by a competent
person. (J) Lifelines, safety belts, safety
harnesses, and lanyards. (1) Lifelines, safety
belts, safety harnesses, and lanyards shall be provided by the employer, and it
shall be the responsibility of the employee to wear such equipment when exposed
to hazards of falling where the operation being performed is more than six feet
(1.8 meters) above ground, above a floor or platform except as otherwise
specified in this chapter, and when required to work on stored material in
silos, hoppers, tanks, and similar storage areas. Personal fall arrest systems
shall be securely fastened to the structure and shall sustain a static load of
no less than five thousand four hundred pounds (two thousand four hundred fifty
kilograms). (2) Lifelines, safety
belts, safety harnesses, and lanyards shall be used only for employee
safeguarding. Any lifeline, safety belt, safety harness, or lanyard actually
subjected to in-service loading, as distinguished from static load testing,
shall be removed from service and shall not be used again for employee
safeguarding until inspected and determined by an authorized person to be
undamaged and suitable for reuse. (3) Lifelines used on
rock-scaling operations, or in areas where the lifeline may be subjected to
cutting or abrasion, shall be a minimum seven-eighths inch (twenty-two
millimeters) wire core manila rope or equivalent. For all other lifeline
applications, a minimum of three-fourths inch (nineteen millimeters) manila
rope or equivalent, with a minimum breaking stregnth of five thousand pounds
(two thousand two hundred sixty-eight kilogrms), shall be
provided. (4) A safety belt,
lanyard or a safety harness lanyard shall be a minimum of one-half-inch
(thirteen millimeters) nylon, or equivalent, with a maximum length to provide
for a fall of no more than six feet (1.8 meters). The lanyard shall have a
breaking strength of no less than five thousand four hundred pounds (two
thousand four hundred fifty kilograms). (5) All safety belt,
safety harness, and lanyard hardware shall be cadmium plated and made of either
drop forged or pressed steel. Surfaces shall be smooth and free from sharp
edges. (6) All safety belt
safety harness, and lanyard hardware shall be capable of withstanding a tensile
loading of four thousand pounds (one thousand eight hundred fifteen kilograms)
without cracking, breaking, or becoming permanently deformed. (7) Safety nets may be
used in lieu of personal fall arrest systems. (K) Seat belts. (1) Seat belts shall be
provided for crawler-type tractors, bulldozers, rubber-tired earth-moving
equipment, off-highway trucks, and graders except on equipment that is designed
for standup operations only or that has no rollover protective
structure. (2) Seat belts and
anchorages meeting the requirements of 49 CFR Part 571, "Federal Motor
Vehicle Safety Standards," shall be installed in all motor
vehicles. (L) Safety nets. (1) Safety nets shall be
provided when workplaces are more than twenty-five feet (7.6 meters) above the
ground, water, or other surface where the use of ladders, scaffolds, catch
platforms, temporary floors, safety lines, safety belts, or safety harnesses is
impractical. (2) Where safety net
protection is required by this rule, operations shall not be undertaken until
the net is in place and has been tested. (3) Safety nets shall
extend eight feet (2.4 meters) beyond the edge of the work surface where
employees are exposed and shall be installed as close under the work surface as
practical but in no case more than twenty-five feet (7.6 meters) below such
work surface. Safety nets shall be hung with sufficient clearance to prevent
user's contact with the surfaces or structures below. Such clearances
shall be determined by impact load testing. (4) The mesh size of
safety nets shall not exceed six inches (15.2 centimeters). All new safety nets
shall meet accepted performance standards of seventeen thousand five hundred
foot-pounds (23.7 kilojoules) minimum impact resistance, as determined and
certified by the manufacturer, and shall bear a label of proof test. Edge ropes
shall provide a minimum breaking strength of five thousand pounds (22.2
kilonewtons). (5) Forged steel safety
hooks or shackles shall be used to fasten the safety net to its supports.
Attachment of safety nets to the working platform is prohibited. (6) Connections between
safety net panels shall maintain the full strength of the safety
net. (M) Working over or near
water. (1) Where employees are
working over or near water, and where the depth or current of the water creates
a danger of drowning, the employer shall provide U.S. coast guard-approved life
jackets or buoyant work vests for each employee. (2) Ring buoys with no
less than ninety feet (27.4 meters) of line attached shall be provided and
readily available for emergency rescue operations. Distance between ring buoys
shall not exceed two hundred feet (sixty-one meters). (3) At least one
lifesaving skiff shall be immediately available at locations where employees
are working over or adjacent to water. (4) In cribs and
cofferdams where employees are exposed to danger of falling inside of the
enclosure containing water, a life raft shall be provided. (N) Employee's
responsibility. It shall be the responsibility of the employee to
properly use the equipment provided by the employer as required in this rule in
accordance with section 4101.13 of the Revised Code.
Last updated June 30, 2025 at 7:52 AM
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Rule 4123:1-3-04 | Floors, stairways, railing, overhead protection and guarding of open-sided floors, platforms and runways.
(A) Scope. This rule shall apply to temporary conditions
where there is danger of employees or material falling through floor, roof, or
wall openings or from stairways or runways. (B) Definitions. (1) "Handrail" means a rail
used to provide employees with a handhold for support. (2) "Hole"
means a gap or void two inches (5.1 centimeters) or more in its least
dimension, in a floor, roof, or other walking or working surface. (3) "Nose" or
"nosing" means that portion of a tread projecting beyond the face of
the riser immediately below. (4) "Platform" means a working
space for employees elevated above the surrounding floor or
ground. (5) "Rise" or "riser"
means the vertical distance from the top of a tread to the top of the next
higher tread, platform, or landing, or the distance from the top of a platform
or landing to the top of the next higher tread, platform or
landing. (6) "Runway" means a passageway
for employees, elevated above surrounding floor or ground level. (7) "Stair platform" means an
extended step or landing breaking a continuous run of stairs. (8) "Stairrail system" means a
vertical barrier erected along the unprotected sides and edges of a stairway to
prevent employees from falling to lower levels. The top surface of a stairrail
system may also be a "handrail." (9) "Stairs" or
"stairway" means a series of steps and landings having four or more
risers leading from one level or floor to another or leading to
platforms. (10) "Standard guard railing"
means a substantial barrier, constructed in accordance with paragraph (E) of
this rule. (a) "Intermediate rail" means the intermediate lateral
member or members of a standard guard railing, installed at intervals of no
more than twenty-one inches (53.3 centimeters). (b) "Top rail" means the top lateral member of a
standard guard railing. (11) "Toeboard" means a low
protective barrier that will prevent the fall of materials and equipment to
lower levels and provide protection from falls for personnel. (12) "Tread width" means the
horizontal distance from the front to back of tread, excluding
nosing. (C) Temporary floors. (1) Strength and
construction. (a) Strength. Temporary floors shall be provided in all
structures for employees working on various floor levels and shall be
substantially constructed to support employees and equipment safely. (b) Construction. The planks shall be placed as close together
as possible and shall not extend more than one foot (30.5 centimeters) beyond
supports unless securely fastened to prevent slipping or tipping. (2) Guarding of partial
area. (a) When employees are not required to work over the entire area
of a floor, only such partial area on which employees are required to work
shall be provided with the temporary working floors as required in paragraph
(C)(1) of this rule. (b) Standard guard railing and toeboards shall be provided around
the unused portion of exposed sides of all openings in floors, roofs, platforms
or shafts. (3) Joists. (a) Joists shall be securely fastened to prevent tipping before
placing temporary floors. (b) Over joists upon which concrete floors are to be placed,
expanded metal lath or wire mesh no greater than one-half inch (thirteen
millimeters) mesh may be used where the joist spacing does not exceed
twenty-four inches (sixty-one centimeters), provided that all laps and joints
are securely fastened and that plank runways are provided for safe passage or
working thereon by employees. (4) Temporary floors
below finished floor. In buildings or structures where the upper
floors are constructed before the lower floors, temporary floors of the
strength required in paragraph (C)(1) of this rule shall be maintained no more
than two floors below the floor being constructed. (5) In structural steel
frame buildings. (a) Structural steel frame buildings shall have temporary floors
as provided in paragraph (C)(1) of this rule placed within two typical floors
of the erectors and the riveters. Such floors shall cover the entire floor area
beneath riveters or erectors except that no floors are required over hoistway
or stairway openings. (b) Exception. The provisions of paragraph (C)(5)(a) of this
rule shall not apply to what is generally known as mill buildings where no
floors are contemplated, and where the operation of overhead cranes will not
permit compliance. (6) In reinforced
concrete frame constructed buildings. Reinforced concrete frame constructed buildings
shall have floor or concrete forms constructed before the forms of the story
above are started. (7) Sectionally
constructed buildings. In sectionally constructed buildings, each
section constitutes a separate building operation in the application of the
temporary floor requirements of this rule. (D) Holes and openings. (1) Openings. Floor openings shall be guarded by a standard
guard railing and toeboard or a cover with a factor of safety of no less than
two and so constructed that the cover cannot be accidentally displaced. A
safety belt or safety harness, with a lanyard, may be provided in lieu of a
standard guard railing and toeboard or cover. (a) Ladderway floor openings or platforms. Ladder or openings shall be guarded by a
standard guard railing and toeboard on all exposed sides except at the entrance
to the opening, with the passage through the standard guard railing either
provided with a swinging gate or so offset that an employee cannot walk
directly into the opening. (b) Floor holes. Floor holes into which employees can
accidentally walk shall be provided with either a standard guard railing and
toeboard on all exposed sides, or a floor hole cover which provides a factor of
safety of no less than two and so constructed that the cover cannot be
accidentally displaced. While the cover is not in place, the floor hole shall
be guarded by a standard guard railing. (c) Hatchways. A removable standard guard railing and
toeboard shall be provided on no more than two sides of the hatchway opening
and fixed standard guard railing and toeboard shall be provided on all other
exposed sides. The removable portion of the standard guard railings shall be
kept in place when the opening is not in use and where practicable should be
hinged or otherwise mounted so as to be conveniently replaceable. (2) Wall
openings. (a) Guarding. Each employee working on, at, above, or near
wall openings, including those with chutes attached, shall be protected from
falling by the use of a guardrail system, a safety net system, or a personal
fall arrest system. (b) Spreaders. If spreaders are used in window or door
frames, such spreaders shall be substantially secured in place. (c) Where doors or gates open directly onto a stairway, a
platform shall be provided and the swing of the door shall not reduce the
effective width of the platform to less than twenty inches (50.8
centimeters). (3) Roof
openings. Wherever there is a danger of an employee
falling six feet (1.8 meters) or more to a lower level through a roof opening,
including skylights, a standard guard railing and toeboard shall be provided on
all exposed sides, or a cover which provides a factor of safety of no less than
two shall be provided. A safety belt, safety harness, or a safety net system
may be provided in lieu of the standard guard railing and toeboard or
cover. (E) Standard guard railing. (1) Standard guard
railings shall be constructed as a substantial barrier, securely fastened in
place and free from protruding objects such as nails, screws, and bolts, to
protect openings, and to prevent accidental contact with some object. Top edge
height of top rails, or equivalent guardrail system members, shall be forty-two
inches (106.7 centimeters) plus or minus three inches (7.6 centimeters) above
the walking or working level. When conditions warrant, the height of the top
edge may exceed the forty-five inch (114.3 centimeters) in height, provided the
guardrail system meets all other criteria of this paragraph. When employees are
using stilts, the top edge height of the top rail, or equivalent member, shall
be increased an amount equal to the height of the stilts. Minimum material
requirements shall be: (a) Metal. (i) For pipe railings,
the top rail, intermediate rail, and uprights shall be no less than one and one
half inches (3.8 centimeters) nominal diameter of schedule forty pipe with
uprights spaced no more than eight feet (2.4 meters) on centers. (ii) For structural steel
railings, the top rail, intermediate rail, and uprights shall be two inches
(5.1 centimeters) by two inches (5.1 centimeters) by three-eights inch (one
centimeter) angles with uprights spaced no more than eight feet (2.4 meters) on
centers. (iii) For wire rope
railings, the top and intermediate rail shall be at least one-quarter inch (six
millimeters) diameter of thickness. If wire rope is used for top rails, the
wire rope shall be flagged at not more than six foot (1.8 meter) intervals with
high-visibility material. (b) Wood. For wood railings, the uprights shall be of
no less than two inches (5.1 centimeters) by four inches (10.2 centimeters)
with nominal stock space not to exceed eight feet (2.4 meters); the top rail
shall be of no less than two inches (5.1 centimeters) by four inches (10.2
centimeters) nominal stock; the intermediate rail shall be of no less than
one-inch (2.5 centimeters) by six-inch (15.2 centimeters) nominal stock. (2) A standard toeboard
shall be constructed of substantial material. It shall be three and one-half
inches (8.9 centimeters) minimum in vertical height from its top edge to the
level of the floor, platform, runway, or ramp. It shall be securely fastened in
place, with a clearance of no more than one-fourth inch (6 millimeters) above
the floor, platform, runway, or ramp. Standard toeboards shall be solid or have
openings not over one inch (2.5 centimeters) in greatest dimension. Toeboards
shall be capable of withstanding, without failure, a force of at least fifty
pounds (two hundred twenty-two newtons) applied in any downward or outward
direction at any point along the toeboard. (F) Stairways. (1) Uniform
dimensions. (a) The rise height and tread width shall be uniform throughout
any flight of stairs, including any foundation structure used as one or more
treads of the stairs. Variations in riser height or tread depth shall not be
over one-fourth inch (six millimeters) in any stairway system. (b) Temporary stairs shall have a landing no less than thirty
inches (76.2 centimeters) in the direction of travel and extend at least
twenty-two inches (55.9 centimeters) in width at every twelve feet (3.7 meters)
of vertical rise. (c) Winding and spiral stairways shall be equipped with a
handrail offset sufficient to prevent walking on those portions of the
stairways where the tread width is less than six inches (15.2
centimeters). (2) Angle of
stairways. (a) Stairways that will not be a permanent part of the structure
on which construction work is being performed shall have landings of not less
than thirty inches (76.2 centimeters) in the direction of travel and extend at
least twenty-two inches (55.9 centimeters) in width at every twelve feet (3.7
meters) or less of vertical rise. Stairs shall be installed between thirty
degrees and fifty degrees from horizontal. (b) Where it is not possible to provide temporary stairways due
to the absence of floors in the structure, a ladder shall be
provided. (3) Stairways with
pan-type treads. Except during stairway construction, foot
traffic is prohibited on stairways with pan stairs where the treads or landings
are to be filled in with concrete or other material at a later date, unless the
stairs are temporarily fitted with wood or other solid material at least to the
top edge of each pan. Such temporary treads and landings shall be replaced when
worn below the level of the top edge of the pan. (4) Treads, landings, and
gratings. Treads for temporary service shall be made of
wood or other solid material and shall be installed the full width and depth of
the stair. (5) Illumination. Stairways, ramps, runways, and platforms shall
be lighted to no less than the minimum illumination intensity of five
foot-candles (53.8 lux). (6) Stair railings and
handrails. (a) Every flight of stairs having four or more risers or rising
thirty inches (76.2 centimeters), whichever is less, shall be equipped with
stair railings or handrails as specified in paragraphs (F)(6)(a)(i) to
(F)(6)(a)(v) of this rule, the width of the stair to be measured clear of all
obstructions except handrails. Handrails and the top rails of stairrail systems
shall be capable of withstanding, without failure, a force of at least two
hundred pounds (eight hundred ninety newtons) applied within two inches (5.1
centimeters) of the top edge, in any downward or outward direction, at any
point along the top edge. (i) The height of
handrails shall be not more than thirty-seven inches (ninety-four centimeters)
nor less than thirty inches (76.2 centimeters) from the upper surface of the
handrail to the surface of the tread, in line with the face of the riser at the
forward edge of the tread. (ii) When the top edge
of a stairrail system also serves as a handrail, the height of the top edge
shall be not more than thirty-seven inches (ninety-four centimeters) nor less
than thirty-six inches (91.4 centimeters) from the upper surface of the
stairrail system to the surface of the tread, in line with the face of the
riser at the forward edge of the tread. (iii) Stairrail systems
and handrails shall be so surfaced as to prevent injury to employees from
punctures or lacerations and to prevent snagging of clothing. (iv) Handrails shall
provide an adequate handhold for employees grasping them to avoid
falling. (v) The ends of
stairrail systems and handrails shall be constructed so as not to constitute a
projection hazard. (vi) Unprotected sides
and edges of stairway landings shall be provided with guardrail
systems. (b) Construction. (i) Stair
railing. A stair railing shall be of construction
similar to a standard guard railing, except that the vertical height shall be
no less than thirty-six inches (91.4 centimeters) from the upper surface of the
top rail to the surface of the tread in line with the face of the riser at the
forward edge of the tread. (ii) Handrail. (a) A handrail shall be
of construction similar to a standard guard railing except that it is mounted
to a wall or partition and does not include an intermediate rail. A handrail
shall have a smooth surface along the top and both sides. Ends of a handrail
shall be constructed so as not to constitute a projection hazard. (b) The height of
handrails shall be no more than thirty-seven inches (ninety-four centimeters)
and no less than thirty inches (76.2 centimeters) from the upper surface of the
handrail to the surface of the tread, in line with the face of the riser or to
the surface of the ramp. (c) Handrails and
railings shall be provided with a clearance of approximately three inches (7.6
centimeters) between the handrail or railing and any other object. (G) Overhead protection. Overhead protection shall be provided where
employees are working below other employees on floor levels with open floor
above. (H) Guarding of open-sided floors,
platforms, and runways. (1) Open-sided floors or
platforms. (a) Standard guard railing and toeboards shall be provided on
every open-sided floor or platform six feet (1.8 meters) or more above adjacent
floor or ground level, except where there is entrance to a ramp, stairway, or
fixed ladder. (b) One-quarter inch (six millimeter) wire rope and toeboard,
substantially secured in place, may be used in lieu of standard guard
railing. (2) Runways. (a) Standard guard railings and toeboards shall be provided on
all open sides of runways six feet (1.8 meters) or more above floor or ground
level. (b) Runways used exclusively for special purposes may have the
railing on one side omitted where operating conditions necessitate such
omission, providing the falling hazard is minimized by using a runway no less
then eighteen inches (45.7 centimeters) wide. (3) Working above
dangerous equipment. (a) Each employee working less than six feet (1.8 meters) above
dangerous equipment shall be protected from falling into or onto the dangerous
equipment by a standard guard railing and toeboard, or the equipment shall be
guarded. Dangerous equipment includes machinery in operation; open vats,
hoppers, or tanks; railroad tracks with moving equipment below the work; live
electrical conductors unless deenergized and effectively grounded; or similar
sources of danger. (b) Each employee working six feet (1.8 meters) or more above
dangerous equipment shall be protected from falling into or onto the dangerous
equipment by a standard guard railing and toeboard, or safety belt or harness,
or a safety net system. Dangerous equipment includes machinery in operation;
open vats, hoppers, or tanks; railroad tracks with moving equipment below the
work; live electrical conductors unless deenergized and effectively grounded;
or similar sources of danger. (4) Bridge
decks. The height of the standard guard railing on
bridge decks may be adjusted to provide clearance for the operation of paving
machinery.
Last updated June 30, 2025 at 7:52 AM
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Rule 4123:1-3-05 | Mechanical power
transmission apparatus.
(A) Scope. (1) This rule provides
for the protection of employees from motion hazards associated with equipment
used in the mechanical transmission of power on construction sites.
Installations to be guarded include sources of mechanical power, the associated
and intermediate equipment, and the driven machines up to, but excluding, the
point of operation. This provision pertains to revolving, oscillating,
reciprocating, or other moving parts such as, but not limited to, belts,
brakes, cams, chains, clutches, collars, compressors, counterweights,
couplings, cranks, eccentrics, engines, gears, lead screws, motors, power
cylinders, pumps, pulleys, shafting, sheaves, spindles, sprockets, turbines,
and winches. (2) This rule shall not
be construed as being applicable to power transmission facilities located
within the frame of the equipment and where exposure is necessary to its
operation or adjustment. (B) Reserved. (C) Vee belts and rope and chain
drives. (1) Vee
belts. Vee belts and pulleys, where exposed to
contact, shall be guarded. (2) Rope and chain
drives. Rope and chain drives, and their pulleys, where
exposed to contact, shall be guarded. (D) Power driven conveyors including
chain, bucket, belt, and screw. (1) Horizontal overhead,
vertical, and inclined conveyors. (a) Overhead protection. Where overhead conveyors carry material with
a clearance of seven feet (2.1 meters) or more above the floor or ground level,
cross designated walkways or roads, or pass over areas where employees are
normally at work, a substantial barrier shall be installed to catch falling
material. (b) Screw conveyors. In addition to the requirements of paragraph
(D)(1)(a) of this rule, the auger of screw conveyors shall be guarded. Guards
shall be solid or of wire mesh, in accordance with the appendix to this rule.
Where an electric power source is used, guards designed for removal shall be
interlocked so that removal will disconnect the power source. (2) Conveyors exposed to
contact. A stopping device shall be immediately
available to disengage conveyors from their source of power where conveyors are
exposed to contact. Means for stopping the motor or engine shall be provided at
the operator's station. Conveyor systems shall be equipped with an audible
warning signal to be sounded immediately before starting up the conveyor. If
the operator's station is at a remote point, similar provisions for
stopping the motor or engine shall be provided at the motor or engine location.
Emergency stop switches shall be arranged so that the conveyor cannot be
started again until the actuating stop switch has been reset to running or the
"on" position. (3) Safe means of
passage. Where employees are required to cross over
conveyors, a fixed platform equipped with standard guard railing and toeboards
shall be provided. (4) Pinch or shear
points. Pinch points created by travel of conveyor
belts over or around end, drive and snubber, or take-up pulleys shall be
guarded. Alternatively, a means shall be provided at the pinch point to
disengage the belt from the source of power. (5) Lockout for repairs
and maintenance. Conveyors shall be locked out or otherwise
rendered inoperable and tagged out with a "Do Not Operate" tag during
repairs and when operations are hazardous to employees performing maintenance
work. (E) Shafts. (1) Revolving
shafting. (a) All revolving shafting and couplings thereof, located seven
feet (2.1 meters) or less above the floor, platform, or ground level, and
exposed to contact, shall be guarded. (b) Ends of shafting, where exposed to contact, shall present a
smooth edge and end and shall not project more than one-half of the diameter of
the shaft unless guarded by non-rotating caps or safety sleeves. (2) Universal
joints. Universal joints where exposed to contact shall
be guarded. (3) Unused
keyways. Unused keyways where exposed to contact shall
be filled or covered. (4) Set screws, keys, and
other projections. Set screws, keys, and other projections
protruding beyond the surface of revolving parts, where exposed to contact,
shall be guarded. (5) Revolving face plates
and chucks. Revolving face plates and chucks shall be
cylindrical with no projecting parts on the rim unless such projecting parts
are guarded. This provision does not apply to those face plates and chucks
revolving less than five revolutions per minute. (F) Gears, sprockets, and friction
drives. (1) Set or train of
gears. (a) A set or train of gears is two or more power driven gears
that move and intermesh. This definition does not apply to adjusting gears
which do not normally revolve and are not power operated, or to adjusting gears
which require access for manual manipulations, such as hand-operated gears used
only to adjust machine parts and do not continue to move after hand power is
removed. (b) Guarding. All or any part of a set or train of gears,
exposed to contact, shall be completely guarded or have a band guard around the
face of the gear with the side flanges extending inward beyond the root of the
teeth. Where there are openings of more than two and one-half inches (6.4
centimeters) between arm or through web, the entire gear shall be guarded.
Guarding shall be in accordance with the appendix to this rule and shall be
securely fastened in place. (2) Frictional disc, link
belt, and sprocket drives. The driving point of all friction drives when
exposed to contact shall be guarded, all arm or spoke friction drives, and all
web friction drives with holes in the web shall be entirely enclosed. All
projecting belts on friction drives, where exposed to contact, shall be
guarded. (G) Machinery control. (1) Disengaging from
source of power. A stopping device shall be provided at each
machine, within easy reach of the operator, for disengaging the machine from
its source of power. (2) When machines are
shut down. The employer shall furnish, and the employees
shall use, a device to lock the controls in the "off" position when
machines are shut down for repair, adjusting, oiling, or cleaning. On mobile
equipment where lockout devices cannot be used, the employer shall furnish, and
the employee shall use, warning tags when machines are shut down for repair,
adjusting, oiling, or cleaning. (3) Mechanical belt
shifters. Tight and loose pulley arrangements shall be
equipped with mechanical belt shifters. Tight and loose pulleys on all
installations shall be equipped with a permanent belt shifter provided with
mechanical means to prevent the belt from creeping from loose to tight pulley.
It is recommended that old installations be changed to conform to this
rule. (4) Treadles or
extensions. Treadles or extensions for starting machinery
shall be located or guarded as to minimize accidental starting or tripping of
the machinery. (H) Anchoring and mounting of
equipment. (1) Anchoring. All stationary machinery shall be securely
fastened. (2) Portable
machinery. Portable machinery mounted upon mobile units
shall be securely fastened thereto, and such mobile unit shall be so locked or
blocked as to prevent movement or shift while the portable machine is in
operation. (I) Counterweights. Counterweights and suspending devices, other than
those which are an integral part of machines, shall be guarded by an enclosure
guard or secured with a safety chain or wire rope. (J) Feed rolls. Power driven feed rolls, when exposed to contact,
shall be guarded at the pinch points.
View Appendix
Last updated June 30, 2025 at 7:52 AM
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Rule 4123:1-3-06 | Motor vehicles, mechanized equipment and marine operations.
(A) Reserved. (B) Definitions. (1) "Earthmoving
equipment" means, but is not limited to, scrapers, loaders, crawlers,
wheel tractors, bulldozers, off-highway trucks, graders, agricultural tractors,
industrial tractors, power shovels, and backhoes. (2) "Jacked
piles" means a method of driving horizontal piles for under supports of
existing buildings by the use of hydraulic jacks. (3) "Motor
vehicles", as covered by this rule, means all those vehicles that operate
within an off-highway jobsite, not open to unrestricted public
traffic. (C) Equipment. (1) A safety tire rack,
cage, or equivalent protection shall be provided and used when inflating,
mounting, or dismounting tires installed on split rims or rims equipped with
locking rings or similar devices. (2) When being repaired,
or when not in use, machinery, equipment, or parts thereof, which are suspended
or held aloft by use of slings, hoists, or jacks shall be substantially blocked
or cribbed. Bulldozer blades, scraper blades, end-loader buckets, dump bodies,
and similar equipment shall be either fully lowered or blocked when being
repaired or when not in use. (3) Equipment parked on
inclines shall have the wheels chocked and brakes set, or the bulldozer blade,
scraper blade, end-loader bucket, dump bodies, or similar equipment shall be
fully lowered. (4) All cab glass shall
be safety glass, or equivalent, that introduces no visible distortion affecting
the safe operation of any machine covered by this rule. (5) All equipment which
can contact power lines shall also comply with the requirements of paragraph
(E) of rule 4123:1-3-07 of the Administrative Code. (6) At locations where
gasoline is being transferred to the fuel tank of any construction machinery,
the engine shall be shut down during the transfer of fuel. (D) Motor vehicles. (1) All trucks shall be
equipped with an audible warning device, in an operable condition, at the
operator's station. (2) On mobile equipment
having an obstructed view to the rear, the employer shall: (a) Provide a reverse signal alarm audible above the surrounding
noise, or (b) Provide an observer to signal the assured clear
distance. (3) All haulage vehicles
loaded by means of cranes, power shovels, loaders, or similar equipment shall
have a substantial cab shield or canopy to protect the operator from shifting
or falling materials. (4) Trucks used to
transport employees. (a) Trucks assigned to or generally used for the transportation
of employees shall be equipped with seats and back rests, which are securely
fastened, for the number of employees to be transported. (b) Tools and material transported in the same compartment with
employees shall be secured to prevent movement. (5) Seat
belts. The employer shall provide, and employees shall
use, seat belts on all motor vehicles which have rollover protective structures
or cabs. This provision does not apply to equipment designed only for stand-up
operations. (6) Trucks with dump
bodies shall be equipped with positive means of support, permanently attached,
and capable of being locked in position to prevent accidental lowering of the
body while maintenance or inspection work is being done. (E) Material handling
equipment. (1) The employer shall
provide seat belts on all equipment covered by this rule except: (a) Equipment which is designed only for stand-up operations,
and (b) Equipment which does not have rollover protective structure
or substantial canopy protection. (2) Forklift tractors and
forklift trucks. A substantial overhead guard shall be provided
for operators of forklift tractors and forklift trucks. (3) Mobile concrete
mixers. (a) Guarding. (i) Mobile concrete
mixers with skips having a capacity of one cubic yard (three-quarters cubic
meter) or more shall be provided with single rail guards on both sides of the
skip pan. The single rail guard shall be constructed of substantial material
and shall be no less than thirty-six inches (91.4 centimeters) or more than
forty-two inches (106.7 centimeters) in height above the ground or working
level and shall extend the full length of the pan. (ii) Where the single
rail guard is of a type having a chain or rod connection, the single rail guard
shall not be removed but shall be kept in place while the mobile concrete mixer
or skip is in operation. Employees shall be instructed to not tie up, or
otherwise fasten, the single rail guard to the mixer in such manner as to
expose employees to contact with the skip when in operation. (b) Chutes and spouts for transferring concrete. Chutes and spouts for transferring concrete
shall be constructed and installed so as to sustain no less than four times the
maximum working load. (F) Site clearing. Rider operated equipment used in site clearing
operations shall be equipped with rollover protective structures. In addition,
the rider operated equipment shall be equipped with an overhead and rear canopy
guard meeting the following requirements: (1) The overhead covering
on the canopy structure shall be of no less than one-eighth inch (three
millimeters) steel plate or one-fourth inch (six millimeters) woven wire mesh
or equivalent, with openings no greater than one inch (2.5 centimeters) at its
greatest dimension. (2) The opening in the
rear of the canopy structure shall be covered with no less than one-fourth inch
(six milimeters) woven wire mesh or equivalent, with openings no greater than
one inch (2.5 centimeters) at its greatest dimension. (G) Pile driving equipment. (1) General
requirements. (a) Overhead protection, which will not obscure the vision of the
operator, shall be provided. Protection shall be the equivalent of two-inch
(5.1 centimeter) planking or other solid material of equivalent
strength. (b) Stop blocks shall be provided for the leads to prevent the
hammer from being raised against the head block. (c) A blocking device shall be provided for placement in the
leads under the hammer at all times while employees are working under the
hammer. (d) A device shall be provided across the top of the head block
to prevent the cable from jumping out of the sheaves. (e) Fixed ladders shall be provided on leads. The loft worker
shall be equipped with a safety belt and lanyard, and there shall be rings
provided with a factor of safety of no less than four for attachment to the
ladder or leads. If the leads are provided with loft platforms, the loft
platforms shall be protected by standard guardrails. (f) Steam or air hose leading to a hammer or jet pipe shall be
securely fastened to the hammer with a length of no less than one-quarter inch
(six millimeters) diameter chain or cable to prevent whipping in the event the
joint at the hammer breaks. (g) Safety chains, or equivalent means, shall be provided for
each hose connection to prevent the line from thrashing around in case the
coupling becomes disconnected. (h) Steam or air line controls shall consist of two shutoff
valves, one of which shall be a quick-acting lever type within easy reach of
the hammer operator. (i) The stability of pile driver rigs shall be maintained by the
use of guys, outriggers, thrustouts, or counterbalances. (2) Pile driving
operations. (a) When piles are being driven in an excavated pit of five feet
(1.5 meters) or more in depth, the walls of the pit shall be sloped to the
angle of repose or shored and braced. (b) When it is necessary to cut off the tops of driven piles,
cutting operations shall be suspended except where the cutting operations are
separated from the leads by twice the length of the exposed pile prior to its
being securely fastened in the leads, and driving has commenced. (c) When driving jacked piles, all access pits shall be provided
with ladders and bulkheaded curbs to prevent material from falling into the
pit. (3) Pile driving from
barges and floats. Barges and floats supporting pile driving
operations shall meet the requirements of paragraph (H) of this rule. (H) Marine operations and
equipment. (1) Access to barges by
employees. When employees are required to step to or from
the wharf, float, barge, or river towboat, a ramp or walkway shall be provided
substantial in construction and fastening. (2) Access to barges by
vehicles. Ramps, with side boards, shall be provided for
access of vehicles to or between barges. Such ramps shall be substantial in
construction and fastening. See rule 4121:1-3-21 of the Administrative Code for
requirements for diving operations.
Last updated June 30, 2025 at 7:52 AM
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Rule 4123:1-3-07 | Cranes, hoists, and derricks.
Text for this version of Rule 4123:1-3-07 is unavailable.
View Appendix
Last updated June 30, 2025 at 7:53 AM
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Rule 4123:1-3-08 | Ropes, chains and slings.
This rule was filed with the Legislative Service Commission in PDF format and is presented here as filed.
View Rule Text
Last updated June 30, 2025 at 12:00 AM
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Rule 4123:1-3-09 | Roofing devices.
(A) Reserved. (B) Reserved. (C) Buckets for handling hot tar, hot
pitch, or hot asphalt. Buckets furnished by the employer and used by the
employee to handle hot tar, hot pitch, hot asphalt, or similar materials shall
be made of "No. 24 Gauge" or heavier sheet metal and shall have a
metal bail of one-fourth inch (six millimeters) diameter or larger. The bail
shall be fastened to offset ears which have been riveted or welded to the
bucket. (D) Felt-laying machines and mechanical
moppers. Operators of felt-laying machines and mechanical
moppers shall not be required to operate such machines within a distance of six
feet (1.8 meters) of any unprotected roof opening, within six feet (1.8 meters)
of any unprotected roof edge which is parallel to the direction of mechanical
equipment operation, and not less than ten feet (three meters) from the roof
edge which is perpendicular to the direction of mechanical equipment
operation. (E) Roofing brackets. (1) Construction. Roofing brackets shall be constructed to fit
the pitch of the roof. (2) Fastening. Roofing brackets shall be securely fastened in
place. When brackets cannot be securely fastened by any other means, rope
supports shall be used. When rope supports are used, such supports shall
consist of manila rope of no less than three-quarter inch (nineteen
millimeters) diameter, or equivalent. (F) Catch platforms for pitched and flat
roofs. (1) Catch platforms for
pitched roofs. On pitched roofs with a rise of four inches
(10.2 centimeters) in twelve inches (30.5 centimeters) or greater, sixteen feet
(4.9 meters) or more above ground, and not having a parapet of at least thirty
inches (76.2 centimeters) in height, catch platforms shall be installed. The
platform shall extend two feet (sixty-one centimeters) beyond the projection of
the eaves and shall be provided with a standard guardrail substantially fixed
in place. Safety harnesses attached to a lifeline which is securely fastened to
the structure may be used in lieu of a catch platform. (2) Catch platforms for
flat roofs. On flat roofs, not having a parapet of at least
thirty inches in height, a standard guardrail substantially fixed in place may
be used. Safety harnesses attached to a lifeline which is securely fastened to
the structure may be used in lieu of a standard guardrail. (G) Kettles and tankers. (1) Heating of kettles
and tankers. (a) All kettles and tankers in use or being heated up for use
shall have a qualified person, designated by the employer, in
attendance. (b) Automatic tanker heaters, when used to maintain a minimum
temperature, are exempt. (2) Leveling
devices. Kettles shall be equipped with leveling
devices, and the leveling devices shall be securely fastened in place. (3) Lids or
covers. Kettles shall be equipped with lids or covers
hinged in place. (4) Pumper or
agitator. A pumper or agitator shall not be set into hot
material. (5) Propane
cylinders. Valves, fittings, and accessories connected
directly to propane cylinders, including primary shut-off valves, shall have a
rated working pressure of no less than two hundred fifty pounds per square inch
(one thousand seven hundred twenty-four kilopascal) gage and shall be of
material and design suitable for liquified petroleum gas service. (6) Storage containers
for fuel. Storage containers for fuel used to heat
tankers shall be located no less than twenty-five feet (7.6 meters) from
burners on tankers with capacity of less than two thousand gallons (seven
thousand five hundred seventy-one liters), no less than fifty feet (15.2
meters) on tankers with capacity of two thousand gallons (seven thousand five
hundred seventy-one liters) or more. (H) Chicken ladders or crawling
boards. (1) Construction. Chicken ladders or crawling boards shall be no
less than ten inches (25.4 centimeters) wide and one inch (2.5 centimeters)
thick having cleats no less than one inch (2.5 centimeters) by one and one half
inches (3.8 centimeters) and extending no less than two inches (5.1
centimeters) beyond each side of the board. Cleats shall be evenly spaced and
shall not exceed twenty-four inches (sixty-one centimeters) on center. Nails
shall be driven through and clinched on the underside. (2) Securing of crawling
boards. Crawling boards shall be secured to the roof by
means of ridge hooks or no less than three-quarters inch (nineteen millimeters)
manila line, or its equivalent, passed over the ridge and securely fastened to
maintain a safe working condition. A firmly fastened grabline of no less than
three-quarters inch (nineteen millimeters) manila line, or its equivalent,
shall be strung beside each crawling board for a handhold.
Last updated June 30, 2025 at 7:53 AM
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Rule 4123:1-3-10 | Scaffolding.
Text for this version of Rule 4123:1-3-10 is unavailable.
View Appendix
Last updated June 30, 2025 at 7:57 AM
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Rule 4123:1-3-11 | Ladders.
(A) Reserved. (B) Definitions. (1) "Cleat
ladder" means a ladder consisting of one section having two side rails and
steps formed of cleats attached to the side rails with fillers between the
cleats. (2) "Extension
ladder" means a portable ladder, adjustable in length, consisting of two
or more sections traveling in guides or brackets so arranged as to permit
length adjustment. The size of the ladder is designated by the sum of the
lengths of the sections measured along the side rails. (3) "Extension
trestle ladder" means a portable ladder consisting of an "A" or
trestle ladder with an additional vertical single ladder, having parallel
sides, which adjusts perpendicularly and is provided with a device to lock the
ladder into place. The size of the ladder is designated by the length of the
trestle ladder base. (4) "Fixed
ladder," as used in this rule, means a ladder is securely fastened in a
fixed position, whether to remain as part of the structure or for use during a
part or all of the construction period. (5) "Ladder"
means a piece of equipment usually consisting of two side rails joined at
regular intervals by cross-pieces called steps, treads, rungs, or cleats, on
which an employee may step on ascending or descending. (6) "Sectional
ladder" means a portable ladder, nonadjustable in length, consisting of
two or more sections so constructed that the sections may be combined to
function as a single ladder. The size of the ladder is designated by the
over-all length of the assembled sections. (7) "Single
ladder" means a portable, nonadjustable ladder consisting of one
section. (8) "Step
ladder" means a self-supporting portable ladder, nonadjustable in length,
having flat steps or treads and a hinged back. The size of the ladder is
designated by the over-all length of the ladder measured along the front edge
of the side. (9) "Trestle
ladder" or "'A' ladder," means a self-supporting
portable ladder, nonadjustable in length, consisting of two sections hinged at
the top and form equal angles with the base. The size of the ladder is
designated by the length of the side rail measured along the front
edge. (C) General requirements for all
ladders. (1) Construction. All ladders shall be constructed of wood,
metal, or other equivalent material and shall be capable of supporting all
loads without failure with a factor of safety of no less than four, except that
each extra-heavy-duty type 1A metal, plastic, or composite ladder shall sustain
at least 3.3 times the maximum intended load. (a) Side rails. (i) Side rails shall be
parallel or shall vary uniformly in separation along the tapered length of the
ladder or shall flare at the base. (ii) Wood side rails
shall be of sound material free from shakes, cross grain, checks, or decay.
Knots shall not exceed one-half inch (thirteen millimeters) diameter and shall
not be nearer than one-half inch (thirteen millimeters) to the edge of the rail
or within three inches (7.6 centimeters) of the rung, step, or
tread. (b) Rungs, steps, cleats, or treads. All rungs, steps, cleats, or treads shall
have a uniform spacing which shall be no less than ten inches (25.4
centimeters) and no more than fourteen inches (35.6 centimeters) on
center. (2) Defective
ladders. Defective ladders shall be repaired to meet
original specifications or shall be withdrawn from service. Cleats shall not be
used to repair rung ladders. (D) Portable ladders. (1) General requirements
for all portable ladders. (a) Metal rungs, steps, or treads. All metal rungs, steps, or treads shall be
corrugated, knurled, dimpled, or coated with skid-resistant material. (b) Safety shoes, spikes, or spurs. All portable ladders shall be equipped with
safety shoes, metal spikes, or spurs. Safety shoes shall be surfaced with cork,
carborundum, rubber, or other material with equivalent coefficient of friction.
This provision does not apply to step ladders, lash ladders, or hook
ladders. (c) Hook ladders. Ladders designed for use by hooking shall be
equipped with two or more substantial metal hooks at the top of the ladder. For
chicken or roof ladders, see paragraph (H) of rule 4123:1-3-09 of the
Administrative Code. (d) Ladders shall not be placed in passageways, doorways,
driveways, or any locations where they may be displaced by activities being
conducted on any other work, unless protected by barricades or
guards. (e) Portable metal ladders shall not be used for electrical work
or where they may contact electrical conductors. (2) Extension
ladders. Extension ladders shall be equipped with two
automatic locks of malleable iron, cast aluminum, or equivalent material
attached to the side rails of the upper extension and of such construction as
to make the extension ladder equal in strength to a ladder constructed of
continuous side rails. (3) Step
ladders. A substantial spreader shall be provided on
step ladders to hold the ladder in the open position. (4) Sectional
ladders. (a) Sectional ladders shall not exceed thirty-seven feet (11.3
meters) in extended length. (b) The distance between rungs shall be twelve inches (30.5
centimeters) on center. (c) Adjacent sections shall be joined by means of groove in the
ends of each rail of each section so that the two sections of the ladder
enjoined are set together firmly, the grooves of the rails of one section
gripping the rung inside or adjacent extensions of the rung outside of the
adjoining section. The fit between rail grooves and rungs shall provide a good
fit without binding or unnecessary play. (d) The grooved ends of the sections shall be reinforced with a
steel plate no less than eighteen-gauge steel, manufacturing standard, properly
secured thereto with a rivet adjacent to the groove, extending through the
depth of the rail, or equivalent reinforcement. (5) Trestle and extension
trestle ladders. (a) The width between the side rails at the base of the trestle
ladder and base sections of the extension trestle ladder shall be no less than
twenty-one inches (53.3 centimeters) for all ladders and sections up to and
including six feet (1.8 meters). Longer lengths shall be increased no less than
one inch (2.5 centimeters) for each additional foot of length. The width
between the side rails of the extension sections of the trestle ladder shall be
no less than twelve inches (30.5 centimeters). (b) The tops of the side rails of the trestle ladder and of the
base section of the extension trestle ladder shall be beveled, or of equivalent
construction, and shall be provided further with a metal hinge to prevent
spreading. (c) A metal spreader or locking device to hold the front and back
sections in an open position, and to hold the extension section securely in the
elevated position, shall be a component of all extension trestle ladders and
all trestle ladders over twelve feet (3.7 meters) in length. (d) Where a single rung support holds an entire rung of the upper
extension and the support is attached to both side rails of the lower section,
two automatic locks shall not be required. (e) Rungs shall be parallel and level. On the trestle ladder, or
on the base sections of the extension trestle ladder, rungs shall be spaced no
less than eight inches (20.3 centimeters) or more than eighteen inches (45.7
centimeters) apart; on the extension section of the extension trestle ladder,
rungs shall be spaced no less than six inches (15.2 centimeters) or more than
twelve inches (30.5 centimeters) apart. (f) Trestle ladders or extension sections or base sections of
extension trestle ladders shall be no more than twenty feet (6.1 meters) in
length. (g) The minimum distance between side rails of the trestle or
extension sections or base sections at the narrowest point shall be no less
than twelve inches (30.5 centimeters). The width spread shall be no less than
one inch (2.5 centimeters) per foot (30.5 centimeters) of length of side
rail. (E) Fixed ladders that can not be readily
moved or carried because it is an integral part of a building or
structure. (1) Maintained in
place. Fixed ladders shall be provided and maintained
in place until temporary or permanent stairways are ready for use. (2) Fixed ladders
exceeding fifty feet (15.2 meters) in length. Ladder landings, or rest platforms, shall be
installed on fixed ladders each fifty feet (15.2 meters) or major fraction
thereof in length. This provision shall not apply to water towers, masts,
smokestacks, or material hoists. (3) Fixed ladder
landings. All fixed ladder landings shall be equipped
with standard guard railing, intermediate rail, and toeboards. The platform of
such landings shall be no less than twenty-four inches (sixty-one centimeters)
in width. (4) Extension of side
rail above landing. At least one side rail of fixed ladders to
landings shall extend a distance of no less than thirty-six inches (91.4
centimeters) above the landing. The rungs may be omitted above the landing.
Where an employee must step a greater distance than twelve inches (30.5
centimeters) from the ladder to the roof or structure, a landing shall be
provided. (5) Vertical distance
between landing and top rung. The vertical distance between the platform of
the landing and the top rungs of the fixed ladder shall not exceed the rung
spacing of the fixed ladder. (F) Ladders constructed on the
job. Ladders constructed on the job shall comply with
the provisions of paragraphs (C)(1) of this rule and the following table. (See
the appendix to this rule for examples of ladders constructed on the
job.) Single section cleat construction ladders. | Min. Inside Width,inches (centimeters) | Max. InsideWidth, inches (centimeters) | NominalCross Section of Rails, inches (centimeters) | Nominal Cross Section of Cleats, inches(centimeters) | | Up to 16feet 4.9 meters | 20"(50.8) | 24" (61) | 2" 4" (5.1 x 10.1) | 1" 3" (2.5 x7.6) | | More than 16 feet(4.9 meters) and up to 24 feet (7.3 meters) | 20" (50.8) | 24" (61) | 2"6" (5.1 x 15.2) | 1"4" (2.5 x 10.2) |
View Appendix
Last updated June 30, 2025 at 7:54 AM
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Rule 4123:1-3-12 | Portable explosive-actuated fastening tools.
(A) Reserved. (B) Definitions. (1) "Portable
explosive-actuated fastening tool " means a powder-actuated tool which
depends upon an explosive charge to propel or discharge a stud, pin, or
fastener for the purpose of impinging it upon, affixing it to, or penetrating
another object or material. (a) "High velocity tool" means a tool or machine which,
when used with a load, propels or discharges a stud, pin, or fastener, at
velocities in excess of three hundred feet (91.4 meters) per second when
measured six and one-half feet (two meters) from the muzzle end of the barrel,
for the purpose of impinging it upon, affixing it to, or penetrating another
object or material. (b) "Low velocity tool" means a tool or machine which
by means of a powder-load, actuates a piston, which, in turn, propels or
discharges a stud, pin, or fastener, at velocities not in excess of three
hundred feet (91.4 meters) per second when measured six and one-half feet (two
meters) from the muzzle end of the barrel, for the purpose of impinging it
upon, affixing it to, or penetrating another object or material. (2) "Protective
shield or guard" means a device or guard attached to the muzzle end of the
tool which is designed to confine flying particles. (3) "Stud, pin, or
fastener" means a fastening device specifically designed and manufactured
for use in portable explosive-actuated fastening tools. (4) "Tool"
means a portable explosive-actuated fastening tool, unless otherwise indicated,
and shall include all accessories pertaining thereto. (C) High velocity tools. Tools of this type shall have the following
characteristics: (1) The muzzle end of the
tool shall have a protective shield or guard no less than three and one-half
inches (8.9 centimeters) in diameter, mounted perpendicular to and concentric
with the barrel, and designed to confine any flying fragments or particles that
might otherwise create a hazard at the time of firing. (2) Where a standard
protective shield or guard cannot be used, or where the standard protective
shield or guard does not cover all apparent avenues through which flying
particles might escape, a special shield, guard, fixture, or jig designed and
built by the manufacturer of the tool being used, which provides this degree of
protection, shall be used as a substitute. (3) The tool shall be so
designed that the tool cannot be fired unless the tool is equipped with a
standard protective shield or guard, or a special shield, guard, fixture, or
jig. (4) Firing the
tool. (a) The firing mechanism shall be so designed that the tool
cannot fire during loading or preparation to fire, or if the tool should be
dropped while loaded. (b) Firing of the tool shall be dependent upon no less than two
separate and distinct operations of the operator, with the final firing
movement separate from the operation of bringing the tool into the firing
position. (5) The tool shall be so
designed as not to be operable other than against a work surface, with the
operator holding the tool against the work surface with a force no less than
five pounds (2.3 kilograms) greater than the total weight of the
tool. (6) The tool shall be so
designed that the tool will not operate when equipped with the standard
protective shield or guard indexed to the center position if any bearing
surface of the standard protective shield or guard is tilted more than eight
degrees from contact with the work surface. (7) The tool shall be so
designed that positive means of varying the power are available or can be made
available to the operator as part of the tool, or as an auxiliary, to allow the
operator to select a power level adequate to perform the desired work without
excessive force. (8) The tool shall be so
designed that all breeching parts will be reasonably visible to allow a check
for any foreign matter that may be present. (D) Low velocity piston type
tools. Low velocity piston type tools shall have the
following characteristics: (1) The muzzle end of the
tool shall be designed so that suitable protective shields, guards, jigs, or
fixtures, designed and built by the manufacturer of the tool, can be mounted
perpendicular to the barrel. A standard spall shield, when supplied, shall be
utilized with each tool. (2) Firing the
tool. (a) The tool shall be designed so that the tool cannot fire
during loading or during preparation to fire, or if the tool should be dropped
while loaded. (b) Firing of the tool shall be dependent upon no less than two
separate and distinct operations of the operator, with the final firing
movement separate from the operation of bringing the tool into the firing
position. (3) The tool shall be so
designed as not to be operable other than against a work surface, with the
operator holding the tool against the work surface with a force no less than
five pounds (2.3 kilograms) greater than the total weight of the
tool. (4) The tool shall be so
designed that positive means of varying the power are available or can be made
available to the operator as part of the tool, or as an auxiliary, to allow the
operator to select a power level adequate to perform the desired work without
excessive force. (5) The tool shall be so
designed that all breeching parts will be reasonably visible to allow a check
for any foreign matter that may be present. (E) Minimum instructions for qualifying
operators. Instructions to operators in order to teach them
the use of portable explosive-actuated fastening tools shall include, but shall
not be limited to, the following items: (1) Only employees who
have been trained in the operation of that particular tool in use shall be
allowed to operate a powder-actuated tool. (2) The tool shall be
tested each day before loading to see that safety devices are in proper working
condition. The method of testing shall be in accordance with the
manufacturer's recommended procedure. (3) Before using a tool, the operator
shall inspect the tool to determine that the tool is clean, that all moving
parts operate freely, and that the barrel is free from
obstructions. (4) When a tool develops a defect during
use, the operator shall immediately cease to use the tool until the tool is
properly repaired. (5) Tools shall not be loaded until just
prior to the intended firing time. Neither loaded nor empty tools are to be
pointed at any person, and hands shall be kept clear of the open barrel
end. (6) No tools shall be loaded unless being
prepared for immediate use, nor shall an unattended tool be left
loaded. (7) In case of a misfire, the operator
shall hold the tool in the operating position for no less than thirty seconds,
and then try to operate the tool a second time. The operator shall wait another
thirty seconds, holding the tool in the operating position and only then shall
proceed to remove the explosive load which shall be done in strict accordance
with the manufacturer's instructions. Misfired cartridges shall be placed
carefully in a metal container filled with water and returned to the supervisor
for disposal. (8) A tool shall never be left unattended
in a place where the tool would be available to unauthorized
persons. (9) Studs, pins, and fasteners shall not
be driven into very hard or brittle materials, including but not limited to
cast iron, glazed tile, surface-hardened steel, glass block, living rock, face
brick, or hollow tile. (10) Driving into materials easily
penetrated shall be avoided unless such materials are backed by a substance
that will prevent the stud, pin, or fastener from passing completely through
and creating a flying missile hazard on the other side. (11) Driving distance from
edge. (a) For high velocity tools, studs, pins, and fastners shall not
be driven directly into materials such as brick or concrete closer than three
inches (7.6 centimeters) from the unsupported edge or corner, or into steel
surfaces closer than one-half inch (thirteen millimeters) from the unsupported
edge or corner, unless a special guard, fixture, or jig is used. (b) For low velocity tools, studs, pins, and fasteners cannot be
driven closer than two inches (5.1 centimeters) from an edge in concrete or
one-fourth inch (six millimeters) in steel. (c) When fastening other materials, such as a two inch (5.1
centimeters) by four inch (10.2 centimeters) wood section to a concrete
surface, a stud, pin, or fastener of no greater than seven-thirty-seconds inch
(5.6 millimeters) shank diameter, may be driven, provided the stud, pin, or
fastener is driven no closer than two inches (5.1 centimeters) from the
unsupported edge or corner of the work surface. (12) Studs, pins, and fasteners shall not
be driven through existing holes unless a positive guide is used to secure
accurate alignment. (13) No stud, pin, or fastener shall be
driven into a spalled area caused by an unsatisfactory fastening. (14) Tools shall not be used in an
explosive or flammable atmosphere. (15) All tools shall be used with the
correct protective shield, guard, or attachment recommended by the
manufacturer. (16) Any tool found not in proper working
order shall be immediately removed from service. The tool shall be inspected
each day before loading and shall be repaired in accordance with the
manufacturer's specifications. (F) Strength of charge
identification. All explosive charges, i.e., cartridges and
shells, to be used in portable explosive-actuated fastening tools shall be
marked by color, in accordance with "Table 12-1 Identification of cased
loads," to designate the strength of the charge. Table 12.1 Identification of cased loads. | Color Identification | | | Power Level | Case Color | Load Color | Nominal Velocity = 45 feetper second (13.7 meters per second) | | 1 | Brass | Gray | 300 (91.4) | | 2 | Brass | Brown | 390 (118.9) | | 3 | Brass | Green | 480 (146.3) | | 4 | Brass | Yellow | 570(173.7) | | 5 | Brass | Red | 660 (201.2) | | 6 | Brass | Purple | 750(228.6) | | 7 | Nickel | Gray | 840 (256) | | 8 | Nickel | Brown | 930(283.5) | | 9 | Nickel | Green | 1020 (310.9) | | 10 | Nickel | Yellow | 1110 (338.3) | | 11 | Nickel | Red | 1200 (365.8) | | 12 | Nickel | Purple | 1290(393.2) |
The nominal velocity applies to 3/8-inch (9.5
millimeters) diameter 350-grain (22.7 grams) ballistic slug fired in a test
device and has no reference to actual fastener velocity developed in any
specific size or type of tool.
Last updated June 30, 2025 at 7:54 AM
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Rule 4123:1-3-13 | Trenches and excavations.
(A) Reserved. (B) Definitions. (1) "Accepted
engineering requirements " means those requirements or practices which are
compatible with standards required by a registered architect, a registered
professional engineer, or other duly licensed or recognized
authority. (2) "Angle of
repose" means the greatest angle above the horizontal plane at which
material will lie without sliding. (3) "Braces"
means the horizontal members of the shoring system with ends bearing against
the uprights or stringers. (4) "Excavation" means any manmade cavity or depression
in the earth's surface, including the manmade cavity's sides, walls,
or faces, formed by earth removal and producing unsupported earth conditions by
reasons of the excavation. If installed forms or similar structures reduce the
depth-to-width relationship, an excavation may become a trench. (5) "Hard compact
soil" means all earth materials not classified as unstable. (6) "Kickouts"
means accidental release or failure of a shore or brace. (7) "Shaft"
means an excavation made from the surface of the ground the longer axis of
which forms an angle with the vertical of no more than forty-five
degrees. (8) "Sheet
piling" means the act of making a pile, or sheeting, that may form one of
a continuous interlocking line, or a row of timber, concrete, or steel piles,
driven in close contact to provide a tight wall to resist the lateral pressure
of water, adjacent earth, or other materials. (9) "Sides",
"walls," or "faces" means the vertical or inclined earth
surfaces formed as a result of trenching or excavation work. (10) "Stringers" or "wales" means the
horizontal members of a shoring system with sides bearing against the uprights
or earth. (11) "Trench,"
when used as a noun, means a narrow excavation made below the surface of the
ground. In general, the depth is greater than the width, but the width of a
trench at the bottom is no greater than fifteen feet (4.6 meters). (12) "Trench
boxes," "safety cages," or "trench shields" means a
shoring system capable of supporting the walls of a trench from the ground
level to the trench bottom and which can be moved along as work
progresses. (13) "Trench
jack" means screw or hydraulic type jacks used as cross bracing in a
trench shoring system. (14) "Unstable
soil" means earth material that, because of its nature or the influence of
related conditions, cannot be depended upon to remain in place without extra
support, such as would be furnished by a system of shoring. (15) "Uprights"
means the vertical members of a shoring system. (C) General requirements. (1) Utility companies and
municipally owned utilities shall be contacted and advised of proposed work
prior to the start of actual excavation. Prior to opening an excavation, effort
shall be made to determine whether any underground installations, including
sewer, telephone, water, fuel, and electric lines, will be encountered and, if
so, where such underground installations are located. (2) Additional
precautions by way of shoring and bracing shall be taken to prevent slides or
cave-ins where trenches or excavations are made in locations adjacent to
backfilled trenches or excavations, or where trenches or excavations are
subjected to vibrations from railroad or highway traffic, the operation of
machinery, or any other source. (3) Undercutting of the
exposed faces of trenches or excavations is prohibited, unless the exposed
faces of such undercutting are supported by one or more of the methods
prescribed for the support of exposed faces of trenches. (4) Material
placement. (a) Excavated material or other material shall be placed a
minimum of twenty-four inches (sixty-one centimeters) from the top edge of the
trench or excavation. (b) As an alternative to the clearance prescribed in paragraph
(C)(4)(a) of this rule, the employer may use effective barriers or other
effective retaining devices in lieu thereof in order to prevent excavated or
other materials from falling into the trench or excavation. (5) Wells, pits, and
shafts. (a) All wells, pits, and shafts shall be barricaded or
covered. (b) Upon completion of exploration and similar operations,
temporary wells, pits, and shafts shall be backfilled. (D) Trenches. (1) The exposed faces of
all trenches more than five feet (1.5 meters) high shall be shored, laid back
to a stable slope, or some other equivalent means of protection shall be
provided where employees may be exposed to moving ground or cave-ins. See
"Table 13-1" of the appendix to this rule. (2) Sides of trenches in
unstable or soft material, five feet (1.5 meters) or more in depth, shall be
shored, sheeted, braced, sloped, or otherwise supported by means of sufficient
strength to protect the employees working within them. See "Table
13-1" and "Table 13-2" of the appendix to this
rule. (3) Sides of trenches in
hard compact soil, including embankments, shall be shored, or otherwise
supported, when the trench is more than five feet (1.5 meters) in depth and
eight feet (2.4 meters) or more in length. In lieu of shoring, the sides of the
trench above the five-foot (1.5 meters) level may be sloped to preclude
collapse but shall not be steeper than a one-foot (30.5 centimeters) rise to
each one-half-foot (15.2 centimeters) horizontal. (4) Materials used for
sheeting, sheet piling, bracing, shoring, and underpinning shall be in good
serviceable condition, and timbers used shall be sound, free from large or
loose knots, and designed and installed so as to be effective to the bottom of
the trench. (5) Minimum requirements,
trench shoring. (a) Minimum requirements for trench bracing and shoring shall be
in accordance with "Table 13-2" of the appendix to this
rule (b) Braces and diagonal shores in a wood shoring system shall not
be subjected to compressive stress in excess of value given by the following
formula: S = 1300 - (20 x L/D) Maximum ratio L/D = 50 Where: L = Length, unsupported, in
inches D = Least side of the timber in inches S = Allowable stress in pounds per square
inch of cross-section. (6) When employees are
required to be in trenches four feet (1.2 meters) deep or more, an adequate
means of exit, such as a ladder or steps, shall be provided and located so as
to require no more than twenty-five feet (7.6 meters) of lateral
travel. (7) When bracing or
shoring of trenches is required, the bracing and shoring shall be carried along
with the excavation. (8) Cross braces or
trench jacks shall be placed in true horizontal position, spaced vertically,
and secured to prevent sliding, falling, or kickouts. (9) Portable trench
boxes, safety cages, or sliding trench shields may be used for the protection
of employees in lieu of shoring system or sloping. Where used, the trench
boxes, safety cages, or sliding trench shields shall be designed, constructed,
and maintained in a manner which will provide protection equal to or greater
than the sheeting or shoring required for the trench. When a trench box is used
in combination with other protective systems, such as sloping or benching, the
trench box must extend at least eighteen inches (45.7 centimeters) above the
vertical face to prevent dirt, rocks, and other debris from rolling into the
trench. If the top of the trench box is at ground level, the trench box does
not need to extend above grade. (10) Backfilling and
removal of trench supports shall progress together from the bottom of the
trench. Jacks or braces shall be released slowly, and in unstable soil, ropes
shall be used to pull out the jacks or braces from above after employees have
cleared the trench. (E) Excavations. (1) The walls and faces
of all excavations in which employees are exposed to danger from moving ground
shall be guarded by a shoring system, sloping of the ground, or some other
equivalent means. See "Table 13-1" and "Table 13-2" of the
appendix to this rule. (2) Supporting systems,
i.e., piling, cribbing, or shoring, shall be designed by a qualified person and
shall meet accepted engineering requirements. (3) Excavations sloped to
the angle of repose shall be flattened when an excavation has water conditions,
silty materials, loose boulders, and areas where erosion, deep frost action,
and slide planes appear. (4) Sides, slopes, and
faces of all excavations shall meet accepted engineering requirements by
scaling, benching, barricading, rock bolting, wire meshing, or other equally
effective means. (5) Materials used for
sheeting, sheet piling, cribbing, bracing, shoring, and underpinning shall be
in good serviceable condition, and timbers shall be sound, free from large or
loose knots, and of proper dimensions, in accordance with "Table
13-2" of the appendix to this rule. (6) Excavations below the
level of the base of the footing of any foundation or retaining wall is
prohibited, except in hard rock, unless the wall is underpinned, and
appropriate precautions taken, to ensure the stability of adjacent
walls. (7) If deemed necessary
to place or operate power shovels, derricks, trucks, materials, or other heavy
objects on a level above and near an excavation, the side of the excavation
shall be sheet-piled, shored, braced, or sloped as necessary to resist the
extra pressure due to such superimposed loads. (8) When mobile equipment
is utilized or allowed adjacent to excavations, substantial stop logs or
barricades shall be installed. If possible, the grade should be away from the
excavation. (9) Walkways shall be
provided where employees or equipment are required to cross over excavations,
and standard guardrails shall be provided where the walkways are six feet (1.8
meters) or more above lower levels.
Last updated June 30, 2025 at 7:54 AM
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Rule 4123:1-3-14 | Electrical conductors, wires and equipment.
(A) Reserved. (B) Definitions. (1) "Circuit"
means a conductor or system of conductors through which an electric current is
intended to flow. (2) "Conductor"
means a metallic material, usually in the form of a wire or cable, suitable for
carrying an electric current. Conductor does not include bus bars. (3) "Current-carrying" means a conducting part intended
to be connected in an electric circuit to a source of voltage.
Noncurrent-carrying parts are those not intended to be connected. (4) "De-energized" means being free from any electrical
connection to a source of a potential different from that of the
earth. (5) "Energized"
means anything connected to an electrical source having a greater potential
than that of the earth. (6) "Ground
connection" means the equipment used in establishing a path between an
electric circuit or equipment and earth. A ground connection consists of a
ground conductor, a ground electrode, and the earth which surrounds the
electrode. (7) "Grounded"
means connected to earth or to some extended conducting body which serves
instead of the earth, whether the connection is intentional or
accidental. (8) "Grounded
effectively" means permanently connected to earth through a ground
connection or connections of sufficiently low impedance, and having sufficient
current-carrying capacity, to prevent the building up of voltages which may
result in undue hazard to connected equipment or to employees. (9) "Insulated" means separated
from other conducting surfaces by a dielectric substance or air space
permanently offering a high resistance to the passage of current and to
disruptive discharge through the substance or space. When any object is said to
be insulated, it is understood to be insulated in a suitable manner for the
conditions to which it is subjected; otherwise, the object is, within the
purpose of this rule, uninsulated. (10) "Insulating," where applied
to the covering of a conductor or to clothing, guards, rods, and other safety
devices, means that a device, when interposed between an employee and
current-carrying parts, protects the employee making use of the device against
electric shock from the current-carrying parts with which the device is
intended to be used; insulating is the opposite of conducting. (11) "Phase" means one energized
conductor of an electrical system. (12) "Switch" means a device for
opening and closing, or for changing the connection of, a circuit. In this
rule, a switch will always be understood to be manually operated, unless
otherwise stated. (13) "Voltage, " as applied to a
circuit, means the greatest effective root-mean-square difference of potential
between any two conductors of the circuit concerned. On various systems, such
as three-phase four-wire, single-phase three-wire and three-wire, direct
current, there may be various circuits of various voltages. (14) "Voltage" or
"volts" means the highest effect electrical potential between any two
conductors of the circuit concerned. (C) Installation and maintenance of
temporary wiring. (1) All temporary wiring
shall be installed with approved overload protection and maintained in
accordance with the following: (a) Main feed and secondary conductors shall be no less than
eight feet (2.4 meters) above the floor or ground level unless in rigid or
other conduit, such as nonmetallic sheathed cable, or metallic sheathed cable
which provides equivalent protection and support. Extension cords shall not be
considered as secondary conductors. No branch circuits or feeder conductors
shall be laid on the floor except properly maintained extension cords feeding
portable powered tools. (b) All receptacles shall be grounded effectively. (c) All lamps for general illumination shall be protected from
accidental contact or breakage. Protection shall be provided by elevation of no
less than seven feet (2.1 meters) from working surface or by a suitable fixture
or lampholder with a guard. (d) All temporary circuits shall be grounded
effectively. (2) Bare conductors and
earth returns. No bare conductors nor earth returns shall be
used for the wiring of any temporary circuit. (3) Disconnecting
means. Approved disconnecting switches or plug
connectors shall be installed to permit the disconnection of all ungrounded
conductors of each temporary circuit. (4) Construction
sites. All one-hundred-twenty-volt single-phase
fifteen and twenty ampere receptacle outlets which are not a part of the
permanent wiring of the building or structure shall have ground fault circuit
interrupters or the implementation of an assured equipment grounding program on
construction sites. (5) All energized
equipment exposed to contact shall be guarded. (6) Portable lights in
damp locations shall not exceed twelve volts, except that one hundred twenty
volt lights may be used if protected by a ground-fault circuit
interrupter. (D) Extension cords. (1) Extension cords used
with portable electric tools and appliances shall be of three-wire
type. (2) Three-wire type
extension cords to lights or electrically powered tools or devices shall be
equipped with a three-wire grounding type receptacle and attachment plug of
nonconductive material. Splicing shall be done by vulcanized or plastic molded
splice method. Insulation shall be equal to the cable being spliced, and wire
connections shall be soldered. (3) Where different
voltages, frequencies, or type of current, i.e., alternating or direct, are to
be supplied by portable cords, receptacles shall be of such design that
attachment plugs used on such circuits are not interchangeable. (E) Lockout and tagging of de-energized
equipment or circuits. The employer shall instruct employees to lock out
all de-energized equipment or circuits and attach tags at all points where the
de-energized equipment or circuits can be energized. (F) Circuits in excess of two hundred
fifty volts. (1) The employer shall
instruct employees to de-energize and effectively ground circuits in excess of
two hundred fifty volts before working on the circuits unless personal
protective equipment is provided in accordance with paragraph (H)(3) of rule
4121:1-3-03 of the Administrative Code. (2) All circuits shall be
worked as energized unless grounded effectively.
Last updated June 30, 2025 at 7:55 AM
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Rule 4123:1-3-15 | Explosives and blasting.
(A) Reserved. (B) Definitions. (1) "Approved
storage facility" means a facility for the storage of explosive materials
covered by a license or permit issued under authority of the appropriate
federal agency. (2) "Blast
area" means the area in which explosives loading and blasting operations
are being conducted. (3) "Blaster"
means the person having a comprehensive knowledge of the installation and use
of appliances associated with the type of blasting operations being performed,
designated by the employer to perform and direct the functions of placing and
fixing explosives, firing explosives, approaching misfires of explosives,
thawing explosives, and all other duties in connection with the blasting
operation. (4) "Blasting
agent" means any material or mixture consisting of a fuel and an oxidizer
used for blasting, but not classified an explosive, and in which none of the
ingredients is classified as an explosive provided the furnished mixed product
cannot be detonated with a number 8 test blasting cap. (5) "Blasting
cap" means a metallic tube closed at one end, containing a charge of one
or more detonating compounds, and designed for, and capable of, detonation from
the sparks or flame from a safety fuse inserted and crimped into the open
end. (6) "Bus wire"
means an insulated expendable wire used between connecting wires and leading
wires. (7) "Connecting
wire" means an insulated expendable wire used between electric blasting
caps and the bus wires or leading wires. (8) "Detonating
cord" means a flexible cord containing a center core of high explosives
which, when detonated, will have sufficient strength to detonate other
cap-sensitive explosives with which the detonating cord is in
contact. (9) "Detonator"
means igniters, blasting caps, electric blasting caps, or similar devices used
to explode explosives. (10) "Explosive" means any chemical compound or mixture
that is intended for the purpose of producing an explosion. An explosive
contains any oxidizing and combustible units, or other ingredients in such
proportions, quantities, or packing that an ignition by fire, by friction, by
concussion, by percussion, or by a detonator, of any part of the compound
mixture may cause such a sudden generation of highly heated gases that the
resultant gaseous pressures are capable of producing destructive effects on
contiguous objects, or of destroying life or limb. (11) "Fuse
lighters" means special devices for the purpose of igniting safety
fuse. (12) "Leading
wire" means an insulated wire used between the electric power source and
the electric blasting cap circuit. (13) "Magazine"
means any building or other structure used for the storage of
explosives. (14) "Primed
cartridge" means a cartridge of explosives to which a detonator has been
attached as a means of firing and intended to be placed in the bore hole or
other explosive chamber for the purpose of exploding the remainder of the
charge. (15) "Safety
fuse" means the slow burning commercially used blasting fuse, usually
consisting of a core of powder overspun with yarns and tapes, which may be
treated with a waterproofing compound, and intended to convey fire to the
blasting caps or explosive mass while minimizing the danger to the employee
lighting it. (C) Specific requirements for all
blasting operations. (1) The employer shall
designate one employee qualified as a blaster in charge of blasting at each
location where blasting operations are being performed. (2) The use of black
powder is prohibited. (3) No explosives or
blasting agents shall be abandoned. (4) Smoking, firearms,
matches, open flame lamps, and other fire, flame, heat, or spark-producing
devices are prohibited in or near explosive magazines or while explosives are
being handled, transported, or used. (5) When blasting is done
employees shall be removed from the area, or the blast shall be covered, before
firing, with a mat or mats so constructed as to control the throw of
fragments. (6) The blaster shall be
responsible for using every reasonable precaution, such as visual and audible
warning signals, flags, and barricades, to ensure employee safety. (7) Blasting operations
in the proximity of overhead power lines, communication lines, utility
services, other services, or structures shall not be carried on until the
operators or owners have been notified, and measures have been taken to ensure
the safety of the employer's employees. (8) Due precautions shall
be taken to prevent accidental discharge of electric blasting caps by current
induced by radar, radio transmitters, lightning, adjacent power lines, dust
storms, or other sources of extraneous electricity. These precautions shall
include: (a) The suspension of all blasting operations and removal of
employees from the blasting area during the approach and progress of an
electrical storm. (b) The posting of signs warning against the use of mobile radio
transmitters on all roads within one thousand feet (304.8 meters) of the
blasting operations. (9) Empty boxes, paper,
and fiber packing materials which have previously contained high explosives
shall not be used again for any purpose but shall be destroyed by burning at a
location approved by the blaster, and no employee shall be permitted closer
than one hundred feet (30.5 meters) after the burning has started. (10) Containers of
explosive materials shall not be opened within fifty feet (15.2 meters) of any
magazine. In opening cases, non sparking tools shall be used, except that metal
slitters may be used for opening fiberboard boxes. (11) Explosive materials
that are obviously deteriorated or damaged shall not be used and shall be
destroyed by, or under the direction of, the blaster. (12) Flagmen posted on
highways to stop traffic during blasting operations shall be stationed far
enough away from the blasting for their own safety. (D) Transportation of
explosives. (1) Surface
transportation of explosives. Any vehicle used to transport explosives on the
job site shall have a non sparking floor and side members and shall contain a
suitable fire extinguisher. Explosives and blasting caps shall not be
transported in the same vehicle. (2) Underground
transportation of explosives. (a) No employee shall ride in any shaft conveyance transporting
explosives and blasting agents. (b) Detonators and other explosives shall not be transported at
the same time in any shaft conveyance. (c) Explosives or blasting agents, not in original containers,
shall be placed in a suitable container when transported manually. (d) Detonators, primers, and other explosives shall be carried in
separate containers when transported manually. (e) When detonators or explosives are brought into an air lock,
no employee except the blaster, lock tender, and the employees necessary for
carrying, shall be permitted to enter the air lock. No other material,
supplies, or equipment shall be locked through with the
explosives. (f) Detonators and explosives shall be taken separately into
pressure working chambers. (g) The blaster shall be responsible for the receipt, unloading,
storage, and on-site transportation of explosives and detonators. (E) Storage of explosives and blasting
agents. (1) Blasting caps,
electric blasting caps, or other detonating devices shall not be stored in the
same magazine with other explosives or blasting agents. (2) Primed cartridges
shall not be stored. (3) All explosives stored
on the job site shall be stored in approved storage facilities. All brush and
combustible materials shall be kept clear of the magazine to a distance of
twenty-five feet 7.6 meters). (4) Detonators and
explosives shall not be stored or kept in tunnels, shafts, or caissons.
Detonators and explosives for each round shall be taken directly from the
magazines to the blasting zone and immediately loaded. Detonators and
explosives left over after loading a round shall be removed from the working
chamber before the connecting wires are connected. (F) Loading of explosives or blasting
agents. (1) All drill holes shall
be sufficiently large to admit freely the insertion of the packages of
explosive materials. (2) Tamping shall be done
only with non sparking tools without exposed metal parts, except that non
sparking metal connectors may be used for jointed poles. Violent tamping is
prohibited. Primed cartridges shall not be tamped. (3) No holes shall be
loaded except those to be fired in the next round of blasting. After loading,
all remaining explosives shall be immediately returned to the magazine or
removed from the area to a distance of no less than one hundred feet (30.5
meters). (4) Drilling shall not be
started until all remaining butts of old holes are examined for unexploded
charges, and if any are found, the unexploded cartridges shall be disposed of
before work proceeds. (5) No person shall be
allowed to deepen drill holes which have contained explosives or blasting
agents. (6) No loaded holes shall
be left unattended or unprotected. (7) The explosives used
in wet holes or holes, that may become wet, shall be
water-resistant. (G) Initiation of explosive
charges. (1) General. (a) When a safety fuse is used, the blasting cap shall be
securely attached to the safety fuse with a standard ring type cap crimper. All
primers shall be assembled no less than fifty feet (15.2 meters) from any
magazine. (b) Primers for use in blasting shall be made up only as required
for each round of blasting. (c) No blasting cap shall be inserted in the explosive materials
without first making a hole in the cartridge for the cap with a non sparking
punch. (d) If there are any misfires while using cap and fuse, all
employees shall be required to remain away from the charge for at least an
hour. If electric blasting caps are used and a misfire occurs, this waiting
period may be reduced to thirty minutes. (2) Electric blasting
caps. (a) Bus wires, connecting wires, and lead wires shall be
insulated single solid wires of sufficient current-carrying
capacity. (b) Blasters, when testing circuits to charged holes, shall use
only blasting galvanometers or other instruments that are specifically designed
for the purpose. (c) Only the employee making the final check on the wire
connections shall fire the shot. All connections shall be made from bore hole
back to the source of firing current, and the leading wires shall remain
shorted, and not connected to the blasting machine or other source of current,
until the charge is to be fired. (d) In any single blast using electric blasting caps, all caps
shall be of the same style, function, manufacture. (e) Electric blasting shall be carried out by using blasting
circuits or power circuits in accordance with the electric blasting cap
manufacturer's recommendations or the recommendations of an approved
contractor or their designated representative. (f) When firing a circuit of electric blasting caps, every
reasonable precaution shall be exercised to ensure that an adequate quantity of
delivered current is available, in accordance with the manufacturer's
recommendations. (3) Use of safety
fuse. (a) No one shall be permitted to carry detonators or primers of
any kind on the person. (b) The minimum length of safety fuse to be used in blasting
shall be as required by applicable state law but shall be no less than thirty
inches (76.2 centimeters). (c) At least two employees shall be present when multiple cap and
fuse blasting is done by hand lighting methods. (d) No more than twelve fuses may be lighted by any individual
when hand lighting devices are used, provided that when two or more safety
fuses in a group are lighted as one by means of igniter cord, or other similar
fuse-lighting devices, the safety fuses may be considered as one
fuse. (e) The "drop fuse" method of dropping or pushing a
primer, or any explosive, with a lighted fuse attached is
prohibited. (4) Use of detonating
cord. (a) Care shall be taken to select a detonating cord consistent
with the type and physical condition of the bore hole and stemming and type of
explosives used. (b) Detonating cord shall be handled and used with the same
precaution as with other explosives. (c) The line of detonating cord extending out of a bore hole, or
from a charge, shall be cut from a supply spool before loading the remainder of
the bore hole or placing additional charges. (d) Detonating cord shall be handled and used with care to avoid
damaging or severing the cord during loading, after loading, and
hooking-up. (e) Detonating cord connections shall be made in accordance with
approved methods. Knot-type or other cord-to-cord connections shall be made
only with detonating cord in which the explosive core is dry. (f) All detonating cord trunklines and branchlines shall be free
of loops, sharp kinks, or angles that direct the cord back toward the oncoming
line of detonation. (g) All detonating cord connections shall be inspected before
firing the blast. (h) When detonating cord millisecond-delay connectors or
short-interval-delay electric blasting caps are used with detonating cord, the
practice shall conform strictly to the manufacturer's
recommendations. (i) When connecting a blasting cap or an electric blasting cap to
detonating cord, the blasting cap shall be taped or otherwise attached securely
along the side or the end of the detonating cord, with the end of the blasting
cap containing the explosive charge pointed in the direction in which the
detonation is to proceed. (j) Detonators for firing the trunkline shall not be brought to
the loading area, nor attached to the detonating cord, until everything else is
in readiness for the blast. (H) Underwater blasting. (1) Loading tubes and
casings of dissimilar metals shall not be used in electric blasting because of
possible electric transient currents from galvanic action of the metals and
water. (2) In marine blasting
only water-resistant blasting caps and detonating cords shall be used. When a
loading tube is necessary, a non sparking loading tube shall be
used. (3) No blast shall be
fired while any vessel under way is closer than one thousand five hundred feet
(457.2 meters) to the blasting area. Those on board vessels or craft moored or
anchored within one thousand five hundred feet (457.2 meters) shall be notified
before a blast is fired. (4) If swimming or diving
operations are in progress in the vicinity of the blasting area, signals and
arrangements shall be agreed upon to assure that no blast shall be fired while
any employee is in the water. (5) Blasting flags shall
be displayed. (6) When more than one
charge is placed under water, a float device shall be attached to an element of
each charge in such manner that the float device will be released by the
firing. Misfires shall be handled in accordance with the requirements of
paragraph (G)(1)(d) of this rule.
Last updated June 30, 2025 at 7:55 AM
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Rule 4123:1-3-16 | Tunnels and shafts, caissons, cofferdams, and compressed air.
(A) Reserved. (B) Definitions. (1) "Air lock" means a chamber
designed for the passage of employees and materials from one air pressure to a
greater or lesser air pressure. (2) "Bulkhead" means an
airtight structure separating the working chamber from free air or from another
chamber under a greater or lesser pressure than the working
pressure. (3) "Caisson" means a wood,
steel, concrete, or reinforced concrete air-tight and water-tight chamber in
which it is possible for men to work under air pressure greater than
atmospheric pressure to excavate material below water level. (4) "Emergency lock" means a
lock designed to hold and permit the quick passage of an entire shift of
employees. (5) "Hazardous concentration"
as applied to air contaminants, means a concentration which is known to be in
excess of recognized occupational exposure limits such as, but not exclusively,
the occupational safety and health administration permissible exposure limits
(OSHA-PEL), national institute for occupational safety and health recommended
exposure limits (NIOSH-REL) or American conference of governmental industrial
hygienists' threshold limit values (ACGIH TLV). (6) "Low air" means air
supplied to pressurize working chambers and locks. (7) "Manlock" means an airlock
for personnel. (8) "Medical lock" means a
special chamber in which employees are treated for decompression
illness. (9) "Normal condition" means
one during which exposure to compressed air is limited to a single continuous
working period followed by a single decompression in any given twenty-four-hour
period. A second exposure should not occur for at least twelve hours after
normal atmospheric pressure has passed. (10) "Safety screen" means an
air-tight and water-tight diaphragm placed across the upper part of a
compressed air tunnel between the face and bulkhead in order to prevent
flooding the crown of the tunnel. (11) "Shafting" means an
air-tight and water-tight enclosure built in the roof of the caisson and
extended upward until above the normal ground or water level. (12) "Working chamber" means the
space or compartment under air pressure in which the work is being
done. (13) "Working face" or
"work face" means the transverse face of the tunnel heading at the
point of greatest advancement of the tunnel excavation. (C) General. (1) Access to unattended underground
openings shall be restricted by gates or doors. Unused chutes, manways, or
other openings shall be tightly covered, made a bulkhead, or fenced off, and
posted. (2) Where hazardous settlement of the
earth has occurred, the area shall be fenced and posted. (3) Each operation shall have a check-in
and check-out system that provides identification of every employee
underground. (4) All pipe, fittings, and wires
extending in shafts, tunnels, and caissons shall be securely fastened in
place. (D) Tunnels and shafts. (1) Emergency provisions. (a) Evacuation plans and procedures shall be developed and
made known to the employees. (b) Emergency hoisting facilities shall be readily
available at shafts more than fifty feet (15.2 meters) in depth unless the
regular hoisting facilities are independent of electrical power
failures. (c) Approved self-contained breathing apparatus shall be
available near the advancing face, adequate in number to equip each employee at
the face. The approved self-contained breathing apparatus shall be on the
haulage equipment and in other areas where employees might be trapped by smoke
or gas. (d) A method of affording instant communications shall be
provided between the work face and the tunnel portal, the such method shall be
independent of the tunnel power supply. (e) Safety belts or safety harnesses shall be worn on skips
and platforms used in shafts unless guardrails or cages are
provided. (2) Ground support. (a) The exposed faces of tunnel excavations, except the
portion being worked on at the particular time, and shafts made in material
other than rock shall be supported and held in place by a securely fastened
bracing system. (b) Damaged or dislodge tunnel supports, whether steel sets
or timber, shall be repaired or replaced. New supports shall be installed
whenever possible before removing the damaged supports. (c) All sets, including horseshoe-shaped or arched rib
steel sets, shall be designed and installed so that the bottoms shall be
securely anchored to prevent pressures from pushing them inward into the
excavation. Lateral bracing shall be provided between sets to further stabilize
the support. (3) Ventilation. (a) Employees shall be evacuated from the tunnel or shaft
if ventilation fails. Before employees are permitted to enter or reenter the
tunnel or shaft, ventilation shall be restarted, and the area shall be examined
for gas and other atmospheric hazards by an employee designated by the
employer. The employee checking air quality shall be knowledgeable in direct
reading instruments and how to interpret readings from the
instruments. (b) Under no circumstances shall a tunnel or shaft be
entered, unless the following prescribed tests and procedures are
completed. (i) Qualified, trained personnel shall test the atmosphere
within the tunnel or shaft, without themselves entering, to verify the tunnel
or shaft: (a) Contains an adequate oxygen concentration, i.e.,
between 19.5 per cent and 23.5 per cent oxygen; and (b) Does not contain a hazardous concentration of
combustible gas or toxic contaminants. (ii) If the tunnel or shaft contains inadequate oxygen
concentration, or a hazardous concentration of combustible gas or toxic
contaminants is detected, then appropriate control measures shall be
instituted. Control measures may consist of forced or natural ventilation, use
of personal protective equipment, i.e., supplied air respirators or
self-contained breathing apparatus, a combination of forced or natural
ventilation and personal protective equipment, or equivalent effective control
techniques. (c) During occupancy of
the tunnel or shaft, qualified, trained personnel shall periodically monitor
the atmosphere of the tunnel or shaft under the tests and procedures provided
in paragraph (D)(3)(b) of this rule. (d) Internal combustion engines other than approved mobile
diesel powered equipment shall not be used underground. (4) Illumination. Lighting of no less than ten foot candles (one
hundred eight lux) shall be provided at the tunnel and shaft headings and no
less than five foot candles (fifty-four lux) elsewhere in the tunnel or shaft
where employees are required to work. (5) Fire prevention and
control. (a) Signs warning against smoking and open flames shall be
posted so that they can be readily seen in areas or places where fire or
explosion hazards exist. (b) The carrying of matches, lighters, or other
flame-producing smoking materials is prohibited in all underground
operations. (c) Gasoline and liquefied petroleum gases shall not be
taken, stored, or used underground. (d) Oil and grease stored underground shall be kept in
tightly sealed containers in fire-resistant enclosures at least three hundred
feet (91.4 meters) from underground explosive magazines and at least one
hundred feet (30.5 meters) from shaft stations and steep incline
passageways. (e) Air that has passed through underground oil storage
areas shall not be used to ventilate working areas. (f) Approved fire-resistant hydraulic fluids shall be used
in hydraulically actuated underground machinery and equipment. (g) Fires shall not be built underground. (h) Noncombustible barriers shall be installed below
welding or burning operations that are performed in or over a
shaft. (i) Fire extinguishers or equivalent protection shall be
provided at the head and tail pulleys of underground belt conveyors and at
three hundred foot (91.4 meters) intervals along the belt line. (j) Sufficient employees trained in the use, care, and
limitations of self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) and fire fighting
equipment shall be on duty on each shift in tunnel operations. (6) Personal protective
equipment. Protective clothing or equipment shall be worn
as specified in rule 4123:1-3-03 of the Administrative Code. (7) Hearing protection. Employees exposed to a time-weighted average
(TWA) of noise levels of ninety or more decibels (90 dBA TWA) slow response
shall be provided with approved hearing protection. (8) Drilling. (a) Employees shall not be required to be on a drill mast
while the drill bit is in operation. (b) When a drill is being moved from one drilling area to
another, drill steel, tools, and other equipment shall be secured, and the mast
placed in a safe position. (c) Receptacles or racks shall be provided for drill steel
stored on jumbos. (d) The employer shall be required to provide, and employee
shall use, a warning system to warn all employees below jumbo decks before the
drilling cycle is started. (e) Drills on columns shall be anchored firmly before
drilling is started and shall be retightened when necessary. (f) The employer shall provide mechanical means for lifting
drills, roof bolts, mine straps, and other unwieldy heavy material to the top
decks of jumbos over ten feet (three meters) in height. (g) Jumbo decks wide enough to accommodate two employees
and more than ten feet (three meters) in height shall be provided with stair or
ladder access. (h) On jumbo decks over ten feet (three meters) in height,
standard guardrails, which may be removable, shall be provided on all sides and
back platforms. (i) Scaling bars shall be in good condition at all times,
and blunted or severely worn bars shall not be used. (j) When jumbos are being moved, only the driver and those
assisting the driver shall be permitted on the jumbo. (k) Before commencing the drill cycle, the face and lifters
shall be examined for misfires of residual explosives, and if any are found,
the misfires shall be removed before drilling commences at the face. Lifters
shall not be drilled through blasted rock, muck, or water. (l) Air lines that are buried in the invert shall be
identified by signs posted nearby, warning all personnel. (9) Blasting. (a) All blasting and explosives-handling operations shall
be conducted in compliance with rule 4123:1-3-15 of the Administrative
Code. (b) When using explosives in tunnels, shafts, and caissons,
all metal pipes, rails, air locks, and steel tunnel lining shall be
electrically bonded together and grounded at or near the portal or shaft, and
the pipes, rails, air locks, and steel tunnel lining shall be cross-bonded
together at no less than one thousand foot (304.8 meters) intervals throughout
the length of the tunnel. In addition, each low air supply shall be grounded at
its delivery end. (10) Haulage. (a) Powered mobile equipment shall be provided with
adequate brakes. (b) Powered mobile haulage equipment shall be provided with
audible warning devices. Lights shall be provided at both ends. (c) Cab windows shall be of safety glass, or equivalent
material, in good condition. (d) Adequate backstops or brakes shall be installed on
inclined conveyor drive units. A conveyor of this type, which would cause
injury when run in reverse, shall not be reversed until employees in the area
are alerted by a signal or by a designated person that the conveyor is about to
start. (e) No employees shall be permitted to ride a power-driven
chain, belt, or bucket conveyor, unless the conveyor is specifically designed
for the transportation of employees. (f) The employer shall not permit employees to be
transported in dippers, shovel buckets, forks, clamshells, in the beds of the
dump trucks, or on other haulage equipment not specifically designed or adapted
for the transportation of employees. (g) Electrically powered mobile equipment shall not be left
unattended unless the master switch is in the off position, all operations
controls are in the neutral position, and the brakes are set, or other
equivalent precautions are taken against rolling. (h) When dumping cars by hand, the car dumps shall be
provided with tie-down chains or bumper blocks to prevent cars from
overturning. (i) Rocker-bottom or bottom-dump cars shall be equipped
with positive locking devices. (j) Equipment which is to be hauled shall be so loaded and
protected as to prevent sliding or spillage. (k) Parked railcars shall be blocked securely. (l) Berms, bumper blocks, safety hooks, or similar means
shall be provided to prevent over-travel and overturning at dumping
locations. (m) Where necessary, bumper blocks, or the equivalent,
shall be provided at all track dead ends. (n) Supplies, materials, and tools, other than smallhand
tools, shall not be transported with employees in mantrip cars. (11) Electrical equipment. Oil-filled transformers shall not be used
underground unless the oil-filled transformers are located in a fire-resistant
enclosure and surrounded by a dike to contain contents of the transformers in
event of a rupture. (12) Hoisting. (a) Hoisting machines, either powered or hand operated,
shall be worm-geared or powered both ways. The design must be such that when
the power is stopped, the load cannot move. (b) Controls for powered hoists shall be of the deadman
type with a nonlocking switch or control. (c) A device to shut off the power shall be installed ahead
of the operating control. (d) Hand-operated release mechanisms, which can permit the
load to descend faster than the speed rating, may be performed if shaft
conditions permit. (e) Hoist machines with cast metal parts shall not be
used. (f) Every hoist shall be tested with twice the maximum load
before being put into operation, at least annually thereafter, and whenever any
repairs or alteration are made. Records of inspection must be kept on
file. (g) All anchorages of hoists shall be inspected at the
beginning of each shift. (h) An enclosed covered metal cage shall be used to raise
and lower employees in the shaft. The cage shall be designed with a factor of
safety four and shall be load-tested prior to use. The exterior of the cage
shall be free of projections or sharp corners. Only closed shackles shall be
used in the cage rigging. (i) If the cage is equipped with a door, a locking device
shall be installed to prevent the door from opening accidentally while the cage
is lowered or raised while hoisting or lowering employees. (E) Caissons. (1) Sinking of caissons. (a) Bracing of caissons. Caissons shall be substantially braced before
loading with concrete or other weight. (b) Concreting caissons. When two or more caissons are sunk together,
employees shall be removed from adjacent caissons during concreting
operations. (c) Air lock platforms. All outside air locks shall be provided with
a platform no less than forty-two inches (106.7 centimeters) wide, and the
platform shall be provided with a standard guard railing and toeboard. (d) Fifteen or more employees, two locks. All caissons in compressed air environments
in which there are fifteen or more employees, or are ten feet (three meters) or
more in diameter, shall have two locks, one of which shall be used as a
manlock. It shall be the duty of one or more trained employees to be in charge
of and operate the manlock and any associated man shafts. (e) Door opening of locks. The bottom of the lowest door opening of
locks shall be no less than three feet above water level. (2) Where the working chamber is less
than eleven feet (3.4 meters) in length, and the caisson is at any time
suspended or hung while work is in progress so that the bottom of the
excavation is more than nine feet (2.7 meters) below the deck of the working
chamber, a shield shall be erected therein for the protection of the
employees. (3) Shafting shall be subjected to a
hydrostatic or air-pressure test, at which pressure such shafting shall be
tight. Shafting shall be stamped on the outside shell about twelve inches (30.5
centimeters) from each flange to show the pressure to which it has been
subjected. (4) Whenever used, the shafting shall be
provided, where space permits, with a safe, proper, and suitable staircase for
its entire length, including landing platforms, no more than twenty feet (6.1
meters) apart. Where this is impracticable, suitable ladders shall be installed
with landing platforms located about twenty feet (6.1 meters) apart to break
the climb. (5) All caissons having diameter or side
greater than ten feet (three meters) shall be provided with a manlock and
shafting for the exclusive use of employees. (6) In addition to the gauge in the
locks, gauges shall also be maintained on the outer and inner side of each
bulkhead. These gauges shall be accessible at all times and kept in accurate
working order. (7) Where employees are exposed to
compressed air working environments in caissons, the requirements contained in
paragraph (G) of this rule shall be complied with. (F) Cofferdams. (1) If overtopping of the cofferdam by
high waters is possible, means shall be provided for controlled flooding of the
work area. (2) Warning signals for evacuations of
employees in case of emergency shall be developed and instructions
posted. (3) Cofferdam walkways, bridges, or ramps
with no less than two means of rapid exit shall be provided and equipped with
standard guardrails. (4) Cofferdams located close to navigable
shipping channels shall be appropriately marked to protect them from vessels in
transit. (G) Compressed air. (1) General provision. When work is in progress which requires
employees to work in compressed air, there shall be present a representative of
the employer, who is thoroughly trained and experienced in compressed air
techniques. (2) Medical attendance, examination, and
regulations. (a) A licensed physician shall be designated for each job
who is knowledgeable of compressed air work, who shall at all times be
available for immediate service, and who shall be responsible for all matters
on the job pertaining to the health of employees, treatment on the job of
illness and injuries, and medical and first aid equipment. The physician shall
make all required physical examinations and shall make and sign all required
reports of such examinations. (b) No employee shall be assigned to work in a compressed
air environment until examined by the physician and reported to be physically
qualified to engage in such work. (c) After being employed continuously in compressed air
work for a period designated by the physician, but not to exceed one year, the
employee shall be reexamined by the physician to determine if such employee is
still physically qualified to engage in compressed air work. (d) An ambulance or transportation suitable for a litter
case shall be provided at each project, and at each portal of a project, when
the portals are more than five road miles (eight road kilometers)
apart. (e) A medical lock shall be established and maintained in
immediate working order whenever air pressure in the working chamber is
increased above the normal atmosphere. (f) Identification badges shall be furnished to all
employees, indicating that the wearer is a compressed air worker. A permanent
record shall be kept of all identification badges issued. The badge shall give
the employee's name, address of the medical lock, the telephone number of
the licensed physician for the compressed air project, and instructions that in
case of emergency of unknown or doubtful cause of illness, the wearer shall be
rushed to the medical lock. The employer shall advise the employee to wear the
badge at all times, off the job as well as on the job. (3) Telephone and signal
communication. Effective and reliable means of communication,
such as bells, whistles, or telephones, shall be maintained at all times
between all the following locations: (a) The working chamber face; (b) The working chamber side of the manlock near the
door; (c) The interior of the manlock; (d) The lock attendant's station; (e) The compressor plant; (f) The medical lock; (g) The emergency lock, if one is required;
and (h) The special decompression chamber, if one is
required. (4) Signs and records. (a) The time of decompression shall be posted in each
manlock as follows: "Time of Decompression for this
Lock" ................pounds (or kilograms)
to................pounds (or kilograms) in.....................minutes. ................pounds (or kilograms)
to................pounds (or kilograms) in.....................minutes. | (Signed by) | ______________________________________ | | (Superintendent) |
This form shall be posted in the manlock at
all times. (b) Any code of signals used shall be conspicuously posted
near workplace entrances and other locations as may be necessary to bring the
code of signals to the attention of all employees concerned. (c) For each eight-hour shift, a record of employees
employed under air pressure shall be kept by another employee who shall remain
outside the lock near the entrance. This record shall show the period each
employee spends in the air chamber and the time taken for decompression. A copy
shall be submitted to the appointed physician after each shift. (5) Compression. (a) During the compression of employees, the pressure shall
not be increased to more than three pounds per square inch (20.7 kilopascals)
gauge within the first minute. The pressure shall be held at three pounds per
square inch (20.7 kilopascals) gauge and again at seven pounds per square inch
(48.3 kilopascals) gauge sufficiently long to determine if any employees are
experiencing discomfort. (b) After holding at seven pounds per square inch (48.3
kilopascals) gauge, the pressure shall be raised uniformly and at a rate not to
exceed ten pounds per square inch (68.9 kilopascals) per minute. (c) If any employee complains of discomfort, the pressure
shall be held to determine if the symptoms are relieved. If, after five minutes
the discomfort does not disappear, the lock attendant shall gradually reduce
the pressure until the employee signals that the discomfort has ceased. If the
employee does not indicate that the discomfort has disappeared, the lock
attendant shall reduce the pressure to atmospheric, and the employee shall be
released from the lock. (d) No employee shall be subjected to pressure exceeding
fifty pounds per square inch (344.7 kilopascals) except in
emergency. (6) Decompression. (a) Decompression to normal condition shall be in
accordance with the decompression tables in the appendix to this
rule. (b) Except in emergencies, no employee working in
compressed air shall be permitted to pass from the place in which the work is
being done to normal air pressure except after decompression in accordance with
the decompression tables in the appendix to this rule. (7) Compressor plant and air
supply. (a) At all times there shall be a thoroughly experienced,
competent, and reliable person, designated by the employer, on duty at the air
control valves as a gauge tender who shall regulate the pressure in the working
areas. During tunneling operations, one gauge tender may regulate the pressure
in no more than two headings, provided the gauge and controls are all in one
location. In caisson work, there shall be a gauge tender for each
caisson. (b) The low air compressor plant shall be of sufficient
capacity to not only permit the work to be done safely but shall also provide a
margin to meet emergencies and repairs. (c) Low air compressor units shall have no less than two
independent and separate sources of power supply, and each power supply shall
be capable of operating the entire low air plant and its accessory
systems. (d) All high-pressure and low-pressure air supply lines
shall be equipped with check valves. (e) Low-pressure air shall be regulated automatically, and
manually operated valves shall be provided for emergency
conditions. (f) The air intakes for all air compressors shall be
located at a place where fumes, exhaust gases, and other air contaminants will
be at a minimum. (g) Gauges indicating the pressure in the working chamber
shall be installed in the compressor building, the lock attendant's
station, and at the employer's field office. (8) Ventilation and air
quality. (a) Exhaust valves and exhaust pipes shall be provided and
operated so that the working chamber shall be well ventilated, and there shall
be no pockets of dead air. (b) The air in the workplace shall be analyzed by the
employer no less than once each shift, and records of such tests shall be kept
on file at the place where the work is in progress. The test results shall be
within established, recognized occupational exposure limits. If these limits
are not met, immediate action to correct the situation shall be taken by the
employer. (c) The temperature of all working chambers which are
subjected to air pressure shall be maintained at a temperature not to exceed
eighty-five degrees Fahrenheit (29.4 degrees Celsius). (9) Electricity. (a) All lighting in compressed air chambers shall be by
electricity exclusively, and two independent electric lighting systems with
independent sources of supply shall be used. The emergency source shall be
arranged to become automatically operative in the event of failure of the
regularly used source. (b) The minimum intensity of light of any walkway, ladder,
stairway, or working level shall be no less than ten foot candles (one hundred
eight lux), and in all workplaces the lighting shall at all times allow
employees to see clearly. (c) All electrical equipment, and wiring for light and
power circuits, shall be suitable for use in damp, hazardous, high temperature,
and compressed air environments. (d) External parts of lighting fixtures and all other
electrical equipment, when within eight feet (2.4 meters) of the floor, shall
be constructed of noncombustible, nonabsorptive, insulating materials, except
that metal may be used if the metal is effectively grounded. (e) Portable lamps shall be equipped with noncombustible,
nonabsorptive, and insulating sockets, approved handles and cords, and
basket. (f) The use of worn or defective portable and pendant
conductors is prohibited. (10) Fire prevention and
protection. (a) Firefighting equipment shall be available at all times
and shall be maintained in working condition. (b) While welding or flame-cutting is being done in
compressed air, an employee with a fire hose or approved extinguisher shall
stand by until the welding or flame-cutting is completed. (c) Shafts and caissons containing flammable material of
any kind, either above or below ground, shall be provided with a waterline and
a fire hose connected thereto, so arranged that all points of the shaft or
caisson are within reach of the hose stream. (d) Fire hose shall be no less than one and one-half inches
(3.8 centimeters) in nominal diameter; the water pressure shall at all times be
adequate for efficient operation of the type of nozzle used; and the water
supply shall be such as to ensure an uninterrupted flow. Fire hose, when not in
use, shall be located or guarded to prevent damage thereto. (e) The power house, compressor house, and all buildings
housing ventilating equipment, shall be provided with at least one hose
connection in the waterline, with a fire hose connected thereto. A fire hose
shall be maintained within reach of wood structures over or near
shafts. (f) Tunnels shall be provided with a two-inch (5.1
centimeters) minimum diameter waterline extending into the working chamber and
to within one hundred feet of the working face. The waterline shall have hose
outlets with one hundred feet (30.5 meters) of fire hose attached and
maintained as follows: one at the working face; one immediately inside of the
bulkhead of the working chamber; and one immediately outside the bulkhead. In
addition, hose outlets shall be provided at two hunded foot (sixty-one meter)
intervals throughout the length of the tunnel, and one hundred feet (30.5
meters) of fire hose shall be attached to the outlet nearest to any location
where flammable materials is kept or stored or where any flame is
used. (g) In addition to fire hose protection required by this
section, on every floor of every building not under compressed air, but used in
connection with the compressed air work, there shall be provided at least one
approved fire extinguisher of the proper type for the hazard involved. At least
two approved fire extinguishers shall be provided in the working chamber as
follows: one at the working face, and one immediately outside the pressure side
of the bulkhead. Extinguishers in the working chamber shall use water as the
primary extinguishing agent and shall not use any extinguishing agent which
could be harmful to the employees in the working chamber. The fire
extinguishers shall be protected from damage. (h) Highly combustible materials shall not be used or
stored in the working chamber. Wood, paper, and similar combustible material
shall not be used in the working chamber in quantities which could cause a fire
hazard. The compressor building shall be constructed of noncombustible
material. (i) Manlocks shall be equipped with a manual fire
extinguisher system that can be activated inside the manlock and also by the
outside lock attendant. A fire hose and portable fire extinguisher shall be
provided inside and outside the manlock. The portable fire extinguisher shall
be the dry chemical type. (j) Equipment, fixtures, and furniture in manlocks and
special decompression chambers shall be constructed of noncombustible material.
Bedding shall be chemically treated so as to be fire resistant. (k) Head frames shall be constructed of structural steel or
open frame-work fire-proofed timber. Head houses and other temporary surface
buildings or structures within one hundred feet (30.5 meters) of the shaft,
caisson, or tunnel opening shall be built of fire-resistant
materials. (l) No oil, gasoline, or other combustible material shall
be stored within one hundred feet (30.5 meters) on any shaft, caisson, or
tunnel opening, except that oils may be stored in suitable tanks in isolated
fireproof buildings, provided such buildings are no less than fifty feet (15.2
meters) from any shaft, caisson, or tunnel opening, or any building directly
connected thereto. (m) Leaking flammable liquids shall be prevented from
flowing into the areas specifically mentioned in the preceding
paragraph. (n) All explosives used in connection with compressed air
work shall be selected, stored, transported, and used as specified in rule
4123:1-3-15 of the Administrative Code. (11) Bulkheads and safety
screens. (a) Intermediate bulkheads with locks, intermediate safety
screens, or both, are required where there is the danger of rapid
flooding. (b) In tunnels sixteen feet (4.9 meters) or more in
diameter, hanging walkways shall be provided from the face to the manlock as
high in the tunnel as practicable, with no less than six feet (1.8 meters) of
head room. Walkways shall be constructed of noncombustible material. Standard
railings shall be securely installed throughout the length of all walkways on
open sides in accordance with rule 4123:1-3-04 of the Administrative Code.
Where walkways are ramped under safety screens, the walkway surface shall be
skidproofed by cleats or by equivalent means. (c) Bulkheads used to contain compressed air shall be
tested, where practicable, to prove their ability to resist the highest air
pressure which may be used.
View Appendix
Last updated June 30, 2025 at 7:55 AM
|
Rule 4123:1-3-17 | Cutting and welding.
(A) Reserved. (B) Definitions. (1) "Fire-resistive
construction" means a method of construction which prevents or retards the
passage of hot gases or flames, as defined by the fire-resistance
rating. (2) "Fire-resistance
rating" means the measured time in hours, or fractions thereof, that the
material or construction will withstand fire exposure, as determined by fire
tests conducted in conformity to recognized standards. (C) Responsibility. (1) The employer shall
verbally, and through demonstration, instruct the employee in the safe
operation and maintenance of cutting and welding equipment. (2) Employees shall have
the duty to operate such equipment in accordance with instructions provided by
the employer in paragraph (C)(1) of this rule. (D) Maximum pressure. Under no condition shall acetylene be generated,
piped .except in approved cylinder manifolds, or utilized at a pressure in
excess of fifteen pounds per square inch (103.4 kilopascal) gauge
pressure. (E) Gas welding and cutting. (1) Equipment. Only approved equipment, such as torches,
regulators, or pressure-reducing valves, acetylene generators, manifolds,
cylinders, and containers shall be used. (2) Cylinders and
containers. (a) Marking. Compressed gas cylinders shall be legibly
marked, for the purpose of identifying the content, with either the chemical or
the trade name of the gas. Such marking shall be by means of stenciling,
stamping, or labeling and shall not be readily removed. (b) Storage. (i) Oxygen cylinders in
storage shall be separated from fuel-gas cylinders or combustible materials,
especially oil or grease, a minimum distance of twenty feet (6.1 meters) or by
a noncombustible barrier no less than five feet (1.5 meters) high, having a
fire-resistance rating of no less than one-half hour. (ii) Cylinders, when not
in use, shall be protected from any heat-radiating objects or open flame which
could cause the cylinder to rupture or the fusible plug to melt. (c) Valve protection caps. (i) All cylinders with a
water weight capacity of over thirty pounds (13.6 kilograms) shall be equipped
with means of connecting a valve protection cap or with a collar or recess to
protect the valve. (ii) Employees shall be
responsible for using valve protection caps when cylinders are moved from place
to place or put in storage. (iii) Where carriers are
provided for moving cylinders which are connected for use, capping shall not be
required, but employees shall be responsible for seeing that cylinder valves
are closed, and pressure is released from regulators, hoses, and
torches. (d) Regulator protection. Welders and cutters shall be instructed to
close valves on oxygen and acetylene cylinders and bleed off hose pressure at
the end of each work shift, to prevent malfunction of the regulators. (e) Transporting cylinders by crane or derrick. When cylinders are hoisted, they shall be
secured on a cradle, slingboard, or pallet. Cylinders shall not be hoisted or
transported by means of magnets or choker slings. (f) Employer responsible to provide facilities for securely
fastening cylinders. The employer shall provide facilities for
securely fastening cylinders of compressed gas in an upright position. (3) Hose and hose
connections. (a) Hose. (i) Identification. The color red shall be used for acetylene
and other fuel-gas hose. The color green shall be used for oxygen hose. The
color black shall be used for inert-gas hose and air hose. (ii) Hose in which
flashback has occurred. Any length of hose in which a flashback has
occurred and burned in the hose shall be taken out of service. (iii) Single hose with
more than one gas passage. The use of a single hose having more than
one gas passage, in which a wall failure would permit the flow of one gas into
the other gas passage, is prohibited. (iv) Hoses taped
together, limitation. When parallel lengths of oxygen and
acetylene hoses are taped together for convenience and to prevent tangling, no
more than four inches (10.2 centimeters) out of twelve inches (30.5
centimeters) shall be covered by tape. (v) Damaged or defective
hose. Hose showing leaks, burns, worn places, or
other defects rendering it unfit for service shall have the damaged portion
removed. (b) Hose connections and couplings. (i) Hose connections for
oxygen and fuel-gas shall be distinguished from each other. Hose connections
shall be clamped or otherwise securely fastened in a manner that will
withstand, without leakage, twice the pressure to which they are normally
subjected in service, but in no case less than three hundred pounds per square
inch (2068.4 kilopascal). (ii) Hose couplings shall
be of the type that cannot be unlocked or disconnected by means of a straight
pull without rotary motion. (c) Pressure reducing regulators. Oxygen and fuel-gas pressure regulators,
including their related gauges, shall be in proper working order while in
use. (F) Arc welding and cutting. (1) Manual electrode
holders. (a) Only manual electrode holders which are specifically designed
for arc welding and cutting, and are of a capacity capable of safely handling
the maximum rated current required by the electrodes, shall be
used. (b) Any current-carrying parts passing through the portion of the
holder which the arc welder or cutter grips by hand, and the outer surfaces of
the jaws of the holder, shall be fully insulated against the maximum voltage
encountered to ground. (2) Welding cables and
connectors. (a) All arc welding and cutting cables shall be of the completely
insulated, flexible type, and be capable of handling the maximum current
requirements of the work in progress, considering the duty cycle under which
the arc welding or cutting unit is working. (b) Cables with splices within ten feet (three meters) of the
holder shall not be used, except that cables with standard insulated
connectors, or with splices whose insulating quality is equal to that of the
cables, are permitted. (c) When necessary to connect or splice lengths of cable one to
another, substantial insulated connectors of a capacity at least equivalent to
that of the cable shall be used. If connections are effected by means of cable
lugs, the connections shall be securely fastened together to give good
electrical contact, and the exposed metal parts of the lugs shall be completely
insulated. (d) Cables in need of repair shall not be used. (3) Ground returns and
machine grounding. (a) A ground return cable shall have a safe current-carrying
capacity equal to or exceeding the specified maximum output capacity of the arc
welding or cutting unit which the ground return cable services. When a single
ground return cable services more than one unit, the safe current-carrying
capacity shall equal or exceed the total specified maximum output capacities of
all the units which the ground return cable services. (b) Pipelines containing gases or flammable liquids, or conduits
containing electrical circuits, shall not be used as a ground
return. (c) When a structure or pipeline is employed as a ground return
circuit, the required electrical contact has to exist at all joints. The
generation of an arc, sparks, or heat at any point shall cause rejection of the
structure or pipeline as a ground circuit. (d) When a structure or pipeline is continuously employed as a
ground return circuit, all joints shall be bonded, and periodic inspections
shall be conducted to ensure that no condition of electrolysis or fire hazard
exists by virtue of such use. (e) The frames of all arc welding and cutting machines shall be
grounded either through a third wire in the cable containing the circuit
conductor or through a separate wire which is grounded at the source of the
current. Grounding circuits, other than by means of the structure, shall be
checked to ensure that the circuit between the ground and the grounded power
conductor has resistance low enough to permit sufficient current to flow to
cause the fuse or circuit breaker to interrupt the current. (f) All ground connections shall be inspected to ensure that the
ground connections are mechanically secure and electrically adequate for the
required current. (4) Operating
instructions. Employers shall instruct employees in the safe
means of arc welding and cutting as follows: (a) When electrode holders are to be left unattended, the
electrodes shall be removed, and the holders shall be so placed or protected
that the holders cannot make electrical contact with employees or conducting
objects. (b) Hot electrode holders shall not be dipped in
water. (c) When the arc welder or cutter leaves or stops work for any
appreciable length of time, or when the arc welding or cutting unit is to be
moved, the power supply switch to the equipment shall be opened. (5) Shielding. Arc welding and cutting operations shall be
shielded by noncombustible or flameproof screens which will protect employees
working in the vicinity from the direct rays of the arc. (6) Overcurrent
protection. All welding machines shall be protected by an
overcurrent device. (7) Disconnecting
means. (a) A disconnecting means shall be provided in the supply for
each alternating-current transformer and direct-current rectifier arc welder
which is not equipped with a disconnect mounted as an integral part of the
welder. (b) The disconnecting means shall be a switch or circuit breaker,
and its rating shall be no less than that necessary to accommodate overcurrent
protection. (G) Welding or cutting of
containers. No welding, cutting, or work utilizing a torch
shall be performed on used drums, barrels, tanks, or other containers until
they have been cleaned and purged of materials which, when subjected to heat,
might produce flammable or toxic vapors. (H) Eye and ear protection. See rule 4123:1-3-03 of the Administrative
Code. (I) Protection from sparks or falling
objects. (1) Cutting or welding
shall be permitted only in areas that are, or have been made, fire
safe. (2) Screens or shields
shall be provided for the protection of employees or combustible materials
exposed to falling objects or sparks.
Last updated June 30, 2025 at 7:55 AM
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Rule 4123:1-3-18 | Heating, ventilating and exhaust equipment.
Text for this version of Rule 4123:1-3-18 is unavailable.
View Appendix
Last updated June 30, 2025 at 8:35 AM
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Rule 4123:1-3-19 | Demolition.
(A) Reserved. (B) Definitions. (1) "Chute"
means a trough or tube used to guide and transport sliding objects, material,
or debris from a higher to a lower level. (2) "Demolition" means to dismantle, raze, destroy, or
wreck any fixed building or structure. (C) Preparatory operations. (1) Except where
necessary to maintain a utility service, all steam, gas, sanitary sewer, and
electric lines shall be shut off from beyond the building or structure before
demolition operations begin. Sanitary sewer connections shall be closed with a
plug of concrete or some other suitable material at the entrance to the
building, inside the building wall or immediately outside the building wall.
Where it is necessary to maintain all or any of the service utilities, the
service lines shall be protected from damage. In each case, any utility company
which is involved shall be notified in advance. (2) When employees are
required to work within a structure to be demolished which has been damaged by
fire, flood, explosion, or other cause, the walls or floor shall be shored or
braced. (3) When any type of
hazardous chemicals, gases, explosives, flammable materials, or similarly
dangerous substances has been used in the pipes, tanks, or other equipment on
the property, the hazardous situation shall be eliminated. (4) Where a hazard exists
from fragmentation of glass, the hazard shall be removed. (5) During the period
before demolition begins in a particular area, wall openings less than
forty-two inches (106.7 centimeters) above the floor and floor, openings, other
than material drops, shall be protected. (D) Material and debris. (1) Chutes for removal of
material and debris. (a) Chutes provided for the removal of material and debris from
areas above the first floor level shall be so constructed that the material and
debris cannot leave the chute before reaching the discharge end. (b) When employees are required to work in, or pass through, the
area at the discharge end of chutes, the area shall be guarded, except where
the chute discharges into a bin, conveyor, truck, or other
container. (c) Chute openings into which employees dump debris shall be
protected by a guardrail approximately forty-two inches (106.7 centimeters) in
height, and where material is dumped from mechanical equipment or wheelbarrows,
toeboards shall be provided. (2) Existing elevators
used for removal of material and debris. When existing elevators are used for the
removal of material and debris, employees shall be instructed not to load
elevators beyond the rated capacity. Material hoists, when used, shall conform
to the requirements of paragraph (D)(2) of rule 4123:1-3-07 of the
Administrative Code. (3) Removal of material
and debris through floor openings. Any openings cut in a floor for the disposal of
material and debris shall be no larger in size than twenty-five per cent of the
aggregate of the total floor area, unless the lateral supports of the removed
flooring remain in place. Floors weakened, or otherwise made unsafe, by
demolition operations shall be shored to carry safely the intended imposed load
from demolition operations. (4) Storage. Storage space into which material and debris
are dumped shall be blocked off, except for openings necessary for their
removal. The openings shall be kept closed at all times when material or debris
is not being removed. (E) Removal of employees. All employees shall be removed from areas
directly below floors or similar elevations prior to the demolition of walls,
sections of walls, chimneys, or other parts of the building which may fall in
mass upon the upper floors or elevations. (F) Scaffolding and
walkways. (1) Scaffolding. In demolishing masonry walls with hand labor,
scaffolding shall be provided unless an interior floor is located no more than
twelve feet (3.7 meters) below the working level. All scaffolds used in
demolition work shall be substantially supported and shall conform to the
requirements of rule 4123:1-3-10 of the Administrative Code. (2) Walkways. Walkways or ladders shall be provided to enable
employees to safely reach or leave any scaffold or wall. (G) Stairways. Stairways in use shall be substantially
supported. (H) Removal of steel
construction. (1) Employees not
required to work from, or ride, demolition equipment. Employees shall not be required to work from,
or ride, crane loads, hooks, demolition balls, or buckets designed to carry
materials. (2) Dropping structural
steel. Employees shall not be required to drop
structural steel except into a specially barricaded or otherwise fully
protected area. (3) Shoring
floor. Prior to erecting any derrick or other hoisting
device on any floor support, shoring shall be designed and erected to provide a
factor of safety of no less than four. (I) Demolition balls and clamshell
buckets. (1) Barricading
area. The area affected by demolition balls and
clamshell buckets shall be barricaded to protect employees. Only those
employees necessary for the performance of these operations shall be required
to be in the barricaded area when these operations are being performed. (2) Attachment and
weight. A demolition ball shall be attached to the load
line with a swivel-type connection to prevent twisting of the load line and
shall be attached so that the weight cannot become accidentally disconnected.
The weight of the demolition ball shall not exceed fifty per cent of the
crane's rated load based on the maximum length and angle of the
boom. (3) Protection of windows
in crane cabs. Windows in crane cabs used with balling
operations shall be protected with heavy-gauge metal screening having openings
large enough that the operator's vision is not obscured, but no larger
than two inches (5.1 centimeters), or with safety glass that will provide
equivalent protection. (J) Selective demolition by
explosives. Selective demolition by explosives shall be
conducted in accordance with rule 4123:1-3-15 of the Administrative
Code.
Last updated June 30, 2025 at 7:55 AM
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Rule 4123:1-3-20 | Steel erection.
(A) Reserved. (B) Reserved. (C) Flooring requirements. (1) Permanent flooring -
skeleton steel construction in tiered buildings. (a) The permanent floors shall be installed as the erection of
structural members progresses, and there shall be no more than eight stories
between the erection floor and the uppermost permanent floor, except where the
structural integrity is maintained as a result of the design. (b) At no time shall there be more than four floors or
forty-eight feet (14.6 meters) of unfinished bolting or welding above the
foundation or uppermost permanently secured floor, except where the structural
integrity is maintained as a result of the design. (2) Temporary flooring -
skeleton steel construction in tiered buildings. (a) The derrick or erection floor shall be solidly planked or
decked over its entire surface except for access openings. Planking or decking
of equivalent strength shall be of proper thickness to carry the working load.
Planking shall be no less than two inches thick (5.1 centimeters), full size
undressed, and shall be laid tight and secured to prevent
movement. (b) On buildings or structures not adaptable to temporary floors,
and where scaffolds are not used, each employee exposed to a potential fall
distance exceeding two stories or thirty feet (9.1 meters) shall have a
personal fall arrest system, or safety nets shall be installed and maintained.
The nets shall be hung with sufficient clearance to prevent contacts with the
surface or structures below. (c) Floor periphery - safety railing. A safety railing of one-quarter inch (six
millimeters) wire rope or equal shall be installed, approximately forty-two
inches (106.7 centimeters) high, around the periphery of all temporary-planked,
temporary-metal-decked floors of tier buildings, and other multi-floored
structures during structural steel assembly. (d) Where skeleton steel erection is being done, a tightly
planked and substantial floor shall be maintained within two stories or thirty
feet (9.1 meters), whichever is less. (e) When gathering and stacking temporary floor planks from the
last panel, the employees assigned to such work shall be protected by a safety
harness with safety lines attached to the structure. (3) Flooring - other
construction. (a) In the erection of a building having double wood floor
construction, the rough flooring shall be completed as the building progresses,
including the tier below the one on which floor joists are being
installed. (b) For single wood floor or other flooring systems, the floor
immediately below the story where the floor joists are being installed shall be
kept planked or decked over. (D) Structural steel
assembly. (1) During the final
placing of solid web structural members, the load shall not be released from
the hoisting line until the members are secured with no less than two bolts, or
the equivalent, at each connection, drawn up wrench tight. (2) Open web steel joists
shall not be placed on any structural steel framework unless such framework is
securely bolted or welded. (3) In steel framing,
where bar joists are utilized, and columns are not framed in at least two
directions with structural steel members, bar joists shall be field-bolted at
columns to provide lateral stability during construction. (4) Where longspan joists
or trusses, sixty feet (18.3 meters) or longer, are used, a row or rows of
bolted bridging shall be installed to provide lateral stability during
construction prior to slacking of hoisting line. (5) No load shall be
placed on open web steel joists until they are permanently
anchored. (6) Tag lines shall be
used for controlling loads. (E) Bolting, riveting, fitting-up, and
plumbing-up. (1) General
requirements. (a) Containers shall be provided for storing or carrying rivets,
bolts, and drift pins, and be secured against accidental displacement when
aloft. (b) Before any adjustments or repairs are made on pneumatic hand
tools, the pressure in hose lines shall be released, and the tool shall be
disconnected from the power source. (c) Air hose couplings shall be linked together at each joint by
a chain or other device or method to reduce whipping in the event of accidental
disconnect. (2) Bolting. (a) When bolts or drift pins are being knocked out, means shall
be provided to keep them from falling. (b) Impact wrenches shall be provided with a locking device for
retaining the socket. (3) Riveting. (a) When rivet heads are knocked off, or backed out, means shall
be provided to keep them from falling. (b) A safety wire shall be properly installed on the snap and on
the handle of the pneumatic riveting hammer. The wire size shall be no less
than "No. 9 (B&S Gauge)", or equivalent, leaving the handle and
annealed "No. 14", or equivalent, on the snap. (4) Plumbing-up. (a) Connections of the equipment used in plumbing-up shall be
properly secured. (b) Plumbing-up guys and related equipment shall be placed so
that employees can get at the connection points. (5) Planking shall be of
proper thickness and width to carry the intended working load and shall provide
a factor of safety of no less than four. (6) Metal decking of
sufficient strength shall be laid tight and secured to prevent
movement. (7) Planks shall overlap
the bearing on each end by no less than twelve inches (30.5
centimeters). (8) Wire mesh, exterior
plywood, or equivalent, shall be used around columns where planks do not fit
tightly. (9) Provisions shall be
made to secure temporary flooring against displacement. (10) All unused openings
in floors, temporary or permanent, shall be completely planked over or
guarded. (11) Employees shall be
provided with a safety harness and lifelines, securely fastened to a permanent
part of the structure, when they are working on float scaffolds.
Last updated June 30, 2025 at 7:56 AM
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Rule 4123:1-3-21 | Diving operations.
Effective:
January 16, 2020
(A) Reserved. (B) Reserved. (C) Diving procedures. (1) Supervision. A diver, lead diver, or dive supervisor,
hereafter referred to only as 'supervisor', shall be designated and
shall be in charge of all diving operations. (2) Timekeeper. One member selected from within the crew shall
be designated and instructed by the supervisor to perform the duties of
timekeeper for each dive. (3) Activities of
others. All parties whose activities in the area could
create a hazard to the diving operations shall be so notified by the supervisor
and be kept informed when such operations commence and when they are
concluded. (D) Personnel. All diving personnel shall be properly qualified
physically and by training or experience to safely conduct a diving
operation. (1) Diver physical
condition. Divers suffering from severe colds, sinus
infections, ear trouble, alcoholic intoxication or its after-effects, acute
illness or under the influence of drugs shall not be required to dive. (a) Frequency of examination. All diving personnel must undergo a thorough
physical examination prior to initial exposure to hyperbaric conditions.
Subsequent to initial exam, all diving personnel shall be re-examined at
twelve-month intervals. (b) Physician statement. A statement is to be provided to the
diver's employer certifying the diver's physical qualification or
lack of qualification to engage in diving activities. The statement is to
include the name of the diver, date and location of the examination, name of
examining physician, address of location at which the medical record is stored,
and the qualification or disqualification of the diver. (2) Diver
equipment. Divers shall only use equipment with which they
have been thoroughly trained. (E) Equipment. (1) Responsibility. The employer shall be responsible for
furnishing all safety equipment. Where divers provide their own protective
equipment, such equipment shall give equal or greater protection than that
furnished by the employer. (2) Operating
conditions. All equipment used in diving operations shall
be in proper operating condition and thoroughly tested, under the supervision
of the diving supervisor, prior to use. (3) Gas
supply. There shall be both a primary and a secondary
source of compressed air for each dive. (4) Protection of
hoses. All hoses leading to and from the diver's
life support which are exposed to potential damage as a result of falling
objects, personnel, traffic, etc., shall be protected. (5) Decompression
chambers. (a) For any dives in excess of one hundred feet of water
requiring stage decompression a decompression chamber and a qualified attendant
shall be available at the job site. (b) The decompression chamber shall be located to provide easy
access and allow for recompression to the required depth within a maximum of
five minutes unless the decompression schedule in use requires a shorter
surface interval. (c) A single lock chamber shall not be used. (F) Procedures during dive. (1) Water entry and
exit. (a) A means capable of supporting the diver shall be provided for
entering and exiting the water. (b) The means provided for exiting the water shall extend below
the water surface. (c) A means shall be provided to assist an injured diver from the
water or into a bell. (2) In the absence of a
physician, an employee who has a valid certificate in first aid training,
including training in oxygen resuscitation equipment, shall be available at the
job site at all times. (3) The diver's hose
shall be attached to a safety harness and not the weight belt except on
deep-sea gear. (4) The diver shall carry
a sharp knife as a standard piece of diving equipment. (G) Surface-supplied diving
operations. (1) Topside
jobsite. (a) Warning signals, such as an international "A" flag,
shall be displayed during diving operations. (b) All diving compressors must be situated so that exhaust fumes
or other harmful contaminants do not enter the compressor intake. (c) An accurate method of determining the depth of each dive must
be provided. (d) Divers shall not be required to dive if work is being
performed by other personnel overhead where such overhead work creates a hazard
to the diver. (e) A diving safety manual that cover all diving operations,
emergency care, recompression and a set of appropriate decompression tables
shall be available at the diving site. (f) At the job site there shall be a list of telephone numbers
and locations for: nearest decompression chamber, medical doctor, and
transportation. (g) A propeller guard shall be installed on all craft used in all
liveboating operations. (h) Voice communications shall be provided between the dive
tender and the boat operator. (2) Underwater
jobsite. (a) A diver's bottom time, or the "residual nitrogen
time", from repetitive dives must not exceed exceed those limits spelled
out in the employers diving safety manual that cover all diving operations,
emergency care, recompression. A dive performed within twelve hours of
surfacing from a previous dive is a repetitive dive. The period between dives
is the surface interval. Excess nitrogen requires twelve hours to be
effectively lost from the body, as referenced in appropriate decompression
tables. (b) A diver shall wear a bail-out bottle during all liveboating
operations (boat underway). (c) Prior to all lifting operations a signal system shall be
established and reviewed with all personnel involved with the
dive. (3) Standby
diver. (a) A standby diver must be ready to reach the primary diver when
the operation involves dives in excess of one hundred feet, any dive requiring
stage decompression, or during any operation where the primary diver cannot
surface by straight ascent. When two divers are in the water working together,
they can be considered as standing by for each other if one can reach the other
within three minutes. (b) The standby diver is required to tend the primary diver at
the point of entry into wrecks, tunnels, etc. (H) Self-contained diving
(scuba). (1) Basic in-water
requirements. Scuba procedures may only be used in situations
in which one of the following techniques is provided: (a) A "buddy" system, i.e. two divers in the water
maintaining constant visual or physical contact with each other;
or (b) Voice communications between the scuba diver and the surface
and if wireless communications are used, a locating means must be provided;
or (c) A safety line between the diver and a surface tender which
provides a means of communications through the use of pull signals on the
safety line. (2) Equipment. (a) Equipment shall be the open circuit, demand regulator type
with a valid interstate commerce commission (ICC) stamp on the air
tank. (b) Both tank and weight belt shall be equipped with quick
release buckles. (c) A knife and safety vest are required to be used. (I) Emergency procedures. Emergency procedures shall be established to
provide for the following circumstances as may be applicable and shall be
reviewed by the diver and the surface support crew before the dive: (1) Loss of voice
communications in the water or in the chamber; (2) Interruption of the
surface gas supply; (3) Severance of the
diver's hose bundle; (4) Entanglement or
entrapment; (5) Occurrence of oxygen
poisoning; (6) Occurrence of
decompression sickness; (7) Occurrence of
unplanned buoyant ascent. (J) Underwater cutting and
welding. (1) Disconnect
switch. A disconnect switch shall be used in the
electrical circuit and shall be located in such a position that the diving
tender on the intercommunication system can operate or oversee its operation at
all times when the diver is below the surface. The disconnect switch shall be
in the open position except when the diver is actually cutting or
welding. (2) Insulated
gloves. Rubber or other insulated gloves shall be
provided and shall be used by the diver during underwater electric cutting and
welding operations. (K) Record keeping - diving
operations. An individual record or log entry for each diving
exposure including the following data is to be maintained: (1) Location; (2) Divers, tenders'
and supervisor's names; (3) Water
depth; (4) Bottom
time; (5) Type of equipment
used; (6) Estimated
environmental conditions; (7) Decompression
schedule used; (8) Gas used and
composition; (9) Type of work
performed; (10) Unusual conditions;
and (11) Repetitive dive
designations or time of last exposure. (12) Record of hospitalizations. (13) Safe practices manuals. (L) Hose and fittings. (1) Testing and
replacement. (a) Hose and fittings shall be tested at least once a year to one
and one-half times their maximum working pressure. If exposed to rough usage or
unusual conditions it shall be inspected more frequently. (b) Hose showing abrasion of outer cover which exposes the
reinforcement, shall be replaced. (c) Couplings that are distorted, have damaged threads, or show
an excessive amount of corrosion shall be replaced. (d) Hose which has sustained other damage must be pressure tested
to one and one-half times the maximum working pressure plus one hundred pounds
per square inch, prior to use. (e) Records shall be kept of all pressure tests and the test
dates; and they shall be signed by the individual responsible for each of
them. (2) Marking. Each hose section shall be given a serial
number for record keeping purposes. (3) Fittings. Connections shall be of a type that cannot be
accidentally disengaged from the gas supply. (4) Oxygen
piping. Hard piping systems, fittings and tubings
carrying pure, high pressure (up to two thousand five hundred pounds per square
inch) oxygen shall be of corrosion resistant metals, such as copper, brass,
"300" series stainless steel or monel.
|
Rule 4123:1-3-22 | Woodworking machines, power saws, and other tools and equipment.
Text for this version of Rule 4123:1-3-22 is unavailable.
Last updated June 30, 2025 at 7:59 AM
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Rule 4123:1-3-23 | Helicopters.
(A) Reserved. (B) Reserved. (C) Slings and tag lines. Loads shall be balanced and securely fastened.
Tag lines, where used, shall be of a length that will not permit their being
drawn up into the rotors. Pressed sleeve, swedged eyes, or equivalent means
shall be used for all freely suspended loads to prevent hand splices from
spinning open or cable clamps from loosening. (D) Cargo hooks. All electrically operated cargo hooks shall have
the electrical activating device so designed and installed as to prevent
inadvertent operation. In addition, the cargo hooks shall be equipped with an
emergency mechanical control for releasing the load. Hooks shall be tested
prior to each day's operation to determine that the release functions
properly, both electrically and mechanically. (E) Personal protective
equipment. Personal protective equipment shall be provided
and shall consist of complete eye protection and a hard hat secured by a
chinstrap. (F) Housekeeping. Good housekeeping shall be maintained in all
helicopter loading and unloading areas. (G) Weight limitation. The weight of an external load shall not exceed
the helicopter manufacturer's rating. (H) Signal systems. The employer shall instruct the aircrew and
ground personnel on the signal systems to be used and shall review the system
with the employees in advance of hoisting the load. This applies to both radio
and hand signal systems. Hand signals, where used, shall be as shown in the
appendix to this rule, "Helicopter Hand Signals." (I) Communications. There shall be constant reliable communication
between the pilot and a designated employee of the ground crew who acts as a
signalman during the period of loading and unloading. The signalman shall be
clearly distinguishable from other ground personnel. (J) Fires. Open fires are prohibited in areas where they
could be spread by the rotor downwash.
View Appendix
Last updated June 30, 2025 at 7:56 AM
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Rule 4123:1-3-24 | Roof car suspended platforms - construction.
(A) Roof car. (1) The horizontal speed
of a roof car shall be no more than fifty feet (15.2 meters) per
minute. (2) A roof car may not be
moved horizontally unless means are in place to prevent the car from moving
outside the areas provided for roof car travel. (3) The roof car shall be
designed and installed in such a manner as to remain stable and upright under
every loading condition. (4) A roof car shall be
so positioned and anchored to the structure as to ensure that the working
platform is placed and retained in proper position for vertical
travel. (5) The operating device
controlling movement of a roof car shall be of the continuous pressure
weatherproof electric type and be located on the roof car, the working
platform, or both. If located on both, such operating devices shall be
interlocked so that control is possible only from one at a time. (6) The operating device
controlling movement of a roof car shall not be operable until the working
platform is at its uppermost position for travel and is not in contact with the
building face or fixed vertical guides in the face of the building, and until
all protective devices and interlocks are in a position for
movement. (7) If the access to the
roof car at any point of its travel is not over the roof area, standard
guardrails with self-closing, self-locking gates shall be provided on the roof
car. (B) Working platforms. (1) Each suspended unit
component, except suspension ropes and guardrail systems, shall be capable of
supporting, without failure, at least four times the maximum intended live load
applied or transmitted to that component. (2) Each working platform
shall bear the manufacturer's load rating plate, conspicuously posted and
legible, stating the maximum permissible load. (3) The vertical speed of
a working platform suspended by four or more hoisting ropes shall be no more
than seventy-five feet (22.9 meters) per minute. (4) The vertical speed of
a working platform suspended by less than four hoisting ropes shall be no more
than thirty-five feet (10.7 meters) per minute. (5) The working platform
shall be no less than twenty-four inches (sixty-one centimeters)
wide. (6) The working platform
shall be provided with toeboards and with permanent guardrails no less than
thirty-six inches (91.4 centimeters) high, and no more than forty-two inches
(106.7 centimeters) high at the front (building side). At the rear, and on the
sides, a standard guardrail and toeboard shall be provided. An intermediate
guardrail shall be provided around the entire platform between the top
guardrail and the toeboard. (7) The platform flooring
shall be of the nonskid type. (8) Access gates shall be
self-closing and self-locking. Access gates are required where access to the
working platform is not over the roof area. (9) A means shall be
provided to prevent inadvertent horizontal movement of the working
platform. (10) The operating device
controlling vertical movement of the working platform shall be of the
continuous pressure weatherproof electric type and be located on the working
platform. (11) The operating device
controlling vertical movement shall be operable only when all electrical
protective devices and interlocks on the working platform are in normal
operating position, and the roof car is at an established operating
point. (12) On roof-powered
platforms, an emergency electric operating device shall be provided near the
hoisting machine for use in the event of failure of the normal operating device
for the working platform or failure of the traveling cable system. This
emergency device shall be mounted in a secured compartment and be labeled with
instructions for use. A means for opening the compartment housing the emergency
operating device shall be mounted in a break-glass receptacle located near the
operating device. (C) Hoisting equipment. (1) Hoisting equipment
shall consist of a power-driven drum or drums contained in the roof car, i.e.,
roof-powered platform, or contained on the working platform, i.e., self-powered
platform. (2) Hoisting equipment
shall be power-operated in both up and down directions. (3) Where exposed to
contact, rotating shafts, drums, couplings, and other mechanisms and gears
shall be guarded. (4) Friction devices or
clutches shall not be used for connecting the main driving mechanism to the
drum or drums. Belt- or chain-driven machines are not permitted. (5) Hoisting motors shall
be electric and of weatherproof construction. (6) Hoisting motors shall
be directly connected to the hoisting machinery. Motor couplings, if used,
shall be of steel construction. (7) Hoisting machines
shall have two independent braking means, each designed to stop and hold the
working platform with one hundred twenty-five per cent of rated
load. (D) Hoisting ropes and winding
drums. (1) Each hoisting rope
shall be made of wire and shall be no less than five-sixteenths inch (eight
millimeters) in diameter. (2) Working platforms
shall be suspended by no less than two ropes with a safety factor of ten as
calculated under the following formula: F = S x N/W Where S = manufacturer's rated breaking strength
of one rope N = number of ropes under load W = maximum static load on all ropes with the
platform and its rated load at any point of its travel (3) Where winding drums
are used, the rope shall be wound in level layers. (4) Winding drums shall
have no less than three turns of rope remaining when the working platform is at
its lowest possible point of travel. (5) Where the working
platform is suspended by more than two ropes, the nondrum ends of the ropes
shall be provided with individual shackle rods which will permit individual
adjustment of rope lengths. (6) The lengthening or
repairing of wire ropes by splicing is not permitted. (7) More than one reverse
bend in the length of each rope is not permitted. (8) Wire rope shall not
be used if the wire rope is not maintained and used in accordance with
procedures recommended by the wire rope manufacturer; contains broken wires
exceeding three wires in one strand or six wires in one rope lay; contains a
broken wire within eighteen inches (45.7 centimeters) of the end attachments;
the outer wire wear exceeds one-third of the original outer wire diameter; or
the rope shows other signs of excessive wear, corrosion, or
defect. (E) Electrical protective
devices. (1) Electrical protective
devices and interlocks shall be of the weatherproof type. (2) When a traveling
cable storage reel is used, an electric contact shall be provided and so
connected that the electric contact will cause the relay for vertical travel to
open if the tension on the traveling cable exceeds safe limits. (3) An automatic overload
device shall be provided to cut off electrical power to the circuit in all
hoisting motors for travel in the up direction, should the load applied to the
hoisting ropes at either end of the working platform exceed one hundred
twenty-five per cent of its normal tension with rated load as shown on the
manufacturer's data plate on the working platform. (4) An automatic device
shall be provided for each hoisting rope which will cut off electrical power to
the hoisting motor or motors in the down direction and will apply the brakes if
any hoisting rope becomes slack. (5) Upper and lower
directional limit devices shall be provided to prevent the travel of the
working platform beyond the normal upper and lower limits of
travel. (6) Directional limit
devices, if driven from the hoisting machine by chains, tapes, or cables, shall
incorporate a device to disconnect the electric power from the hoisting machine
and apply both the primary and secondary brakes in the event of failure of the
driving means. (7) On platforms with
four or more ropes, final terminal stopping devices for the working platform
shall be provided as a secondary means of preventing the working platform from
over-traveling at the terminals. (8) Emergency stop
switches shall be provided in, or adjacent to, each operating
device. (9) Electrical cord
strain relief anchors and grip or equivalent means shall be provided to prevent
the electrical cord from pulling on the receptacle. (F) Emergency
communications. A means of two-way communication shall be
provided for each roof car suspended platform for use in an emergency. (G) Fall protection. Each employee on working platforms shall be
protected by a personal fall arrest system.
Last updated June 30, 2025 at 7:56 AM
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